1、名詞從句三種句子充當(dāng)具體成分本質(zhì)1、用陳述句作成分（主語、賓語、表語、同位語）時(shí)，需要在陳述句首加that來引導(dǎo)。2、用一般疑問句作成分時(shí)，需要先將疑問句的倒裝語序換成正常語序，然后再句首加上whether或if (if只用在賓語從句中）來引導(dǎo)，以保留原句疑問意義。3、用特殊疑問作成分時(shí)，只需要將疑問句的倒裝語序換成正常的疑問語序。4、引導(dǎo)名詞從句的常用連詞：名詞從句的引導(dǎo)詞對(duì)應(yīng)句子類型是否做成分連詞that陳述句在從句中不作成分連詞whether, if 一般疑問句在從句在中不作成分連接副詞when, where, why, how; 連接代詞who, whom, what, which,

2、whose特殊疑問句When, where, why, how在從句在中作狀語；Who, whom, what在從句中作主語，賓語或表語；Which, whose在句中作定語，后面接名詞連用。考點(diǎn)1：主語從句(1) that引導(dǎo)主語從句句型： that引導(dǎo)的主語從句直接放在句首的較少，更常見的是用it作形式主語：1) 過去分詞：It is reported /believed /thought /should be noted /has been found /must be pointed out that同樣可用的動(dòng)詞還有: say, expect, know, estimate, for

3、ecast2) 形容詞：It is clear /fortunate/necessary that3) 名詞短語：It is a pity /a fact /good news /a good thing /no wonder /a shame /an honor /common knowledge /my belief /a miracle that4) 不及物動(dòng)詞：It seems /follows /happens /turns out /comes about that5) 其他結(jié)構(gòu)：It dawns upon/ on sb that; It occurs to sb that; It

4、 makes no difference that; It doesnt need to be bothered that; It is of little consequence that(2) whether 及連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語從句一般放在句首?？键c(diǎn)2：賓語從句(1) that省略問題：一般來講，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，可將that省去。但若是幾個(gè)賓語從句并列使用，則連詞that不可省去。(2) If/whether1）if 一般只用于引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而whether可引導(dǎo)包括賓語從句在內(nèi)的其他名詞從句。2）if不和or not直接連用，即一般不說if or not。但可以說ifo

5、r not。而whether沒有此限制。(3) what/whatever/whoever/whomever whoever是人稱代詞的主格形式，一般在句子中作主語；whomever是人稱代詞的賓格形式，故一般作賓語。這兩個(gè)詞都等于the person that。what/whatever等于the thing(s) that?？梢岳斫鉃椤跋刃性~+that”。1. _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.2009 A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever

6、 D. However2. The government has promised to do _ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood stricken area. (2004) A. however B. whichever C. whatever D. wherever3. She managed to save_she could out of her wages to help her brother.2002 A. how little money B. so little money

7、 C. such little money D. what little money 4. After _seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel managers office. (1999) A. that B. there C. what D. it 5. We can assign the task to _ is capable and trustworthy. A. whomever B. who C. whom D. WhoeverACDCD考點(diǎn)3：表語從句(1) 表語從句通常是置于系動(dòng)詞，尤其是

8、is后邊。1. Quality is _ counts most.2008 A. which B. that C. what D. where2. Hes _ as a “bellyacher” hes always complaining about some thing. (1999) A. who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known(2) 名詞reason后面的表語從句一般用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because.CC考點(diǎn)4：同位語從句(1) “名詞+that +陳述句”句型： 同位語從句通常是用that引

9、導(dǎo)，而很少用whether，if以及連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。這是因?yàn)槲覀兌嗍怯藐愂鼍鋪硌a(bǔ)充名詞的內(nèi)容，而很少用一般疑問句或特殊疑問句來補(bǔ)充名詞的內(nèi)容。(2) no doubt+that/doubt+whether1. There is no doubt _ the company has made the right decision on the sales project. (2001) A. why B. that C. whether D. whenB主謂一致1. Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, _ for

10、Europe this afternoon.2004 A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. Leave1) “就遠(yuǎn)原則”：在“A +(with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, including, rather than, more than, no less than)+B”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與之A一致。2. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because _ going

11、 to agree upon anything today.2003 A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is C. neither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are3. _of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.2002 A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All 2) 就近原則：neithernor, (either)or, not onlybut also, notbu

12、t等并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)采取就近原則：謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由與其最接近的那個(gè)主語的數(shù)決定。CCC3) a/the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”: 表“的數(shù)量”，謂動(dòng)用數(shù)；表“一些 / 許多”，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)4) more than one + n/ Many a + n/ Every A and every B / No A and no B/ one and a half +n 謂動(dòng)單數(shù)注意：more 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one 用復(fù)數(shù)，More members than one are against your plan.5) 由and連接的多個(gè)成分，如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí), 謂動(dòng)用單數(shù):

13、bread and butter, bread and cheese, a knife and fork, a cart and horse, needle and thread, law and order, fish and chips, meat and potatoes6) 若and連接兩個(gè)并列主語，且and后面的名詞有相關(guān)的副詞（not, perhaps, particularly, even, too, likewise, as well等）修飾，則謂語動(dòng)詞形式與and前面的名詞（真正的主語）保持一致。7) 表達(dá)時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量、長度、價(jià)值,算式的短語通常接動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。8) 如

14、果主語由“the形容詞(或過去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí), 若表示抽象概念，謂語用單數(shù)。表示一類人，則為復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。9) 由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；但所指的內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù). 10) people, police, cattle, militia是復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 接動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Peoples指民族。sheep , deer, fish , means, aircraft, works單復(fù)數(shù)同形; clothes +復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞11) 常見的表示成對(duì)概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：pants, trousers, scissors, scales（天平），glasses,

15、 binoculars(雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡)，spectacles, bifocals（雙光眼鏡）。謂動(dòng)復(fù)數(shù)。12) 形式上是復(fù)數(shù)（詞尾加s）,但表示單數(shù)概念的詞，謂語用單數(shù)。Works(工廠)、gallows(絞刑架)、politics, statistics, measles, diabetes。若politics, statistics不表示學(xué)科，而分別表示“政治觀點(diǎn)”，“統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)”時(shí)，則需要復(fù)數(shù)。1. The statistics_that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.2006 A

16、. proves B. is proving C. are proving D. prove13) the+最高級(jí)+of+n.復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)謂語14) a+單數(shù)名詞+or two作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。15) 集合名詞指整體時(shí)，用單數(shù)代詞；指由不同的人組成的集合時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)代詞。Audience, couple, family, public, class, crowd, government, staff, committee, group, team, crew, company集體名詞：police, militia(民兵)，cattle, people等總是接復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，而mankind, hum

17、anity接單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。1. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish _ proposals in the near future.2008 A.their B. our C. his D. Its16) 書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。1. All the Presidents Men _ one of the important books for histor

18、ians who study the Watergate Scandal.2007 A. remain B. remains C. remained D. is remainingDDB17) “數(shù)量詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致只與可數(shù)名詞連用只接單數(shù)的Eachevery單數(shù)謂語只接復(fù)數(shù)的A couple ofSeveral, A number of復(fù)數(shù)謂語只與不可數(shù)名詞連用A great deal ofA large amount of單數(shù)謂語與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用均可Not any, Some, A lot of, Plenty of, Most, all, a pair of接可數(shù)復(fù)

19、數(shù)名詞時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語；接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語。倒裝句考點(diǎn)1：全部倒裝在以out, in, along, then, now, up, down, away, here, there 等副詞開頭的句子里。 (2) 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)2：部分倒裝(1) Only+狀語位于句首時(shí)(2) 否定副詞及短語位于句首時(shí)。?？嫉脑~或詞語有not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等。Little _ about her own safety, though she herself was in great dang

20、er.2009 A. she cared B. she may care C. may she care D. did she care2. On no account _ borrow money from friends, and still less_dependent on the favors of rich relatives.(1990) A. I would, I would be B. would I, I would be C. would I, would I be D. I would, would I beDC(3) 副詞位于句首時(shí)，句子可部分倒裝，也可不用。1. Stealthily out of the room.2004 A. The girl crept B. Crept the girl C. Did the girl crept D. Creeps the girl(4) so neither nor 位于句首時(shí)。 1. So +助動(dòng)詞+主語：也一樣。Neither Nor +助動(dòng)詞+主語，表示“ 也不，也沒有”。 2. So +主語+助動(dòng)詞：確實(shí)如此。承前肯定so只能指定一件事情，兩件事情用so it is(the same) with sb2. It is going