1、電子化供應鏈管理e-Supply Chain Management王立志 博士Li-Chih Wang, Ph.D.東海大學工業工程系所 教授東海大學工業自動化中心 主任3/21/2000.大綱1.供應鏈管理(SCM)觀念介紹2.供應鏈管理的戰略規劃、流程與系統3.供應鏈管理、企業資源規劃 (ERP) & 先進規劃與排程 (APS)4.供應鏈管理&企業電子化(EB)5.供應鏈管理系統發展程序6. 案例介紹與經驗分享Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.Trends for High Tech Industry(source: Gartner Group/D

2、ataQuest, 1/10/2000) 1. Focus on supply-chain and Internet solutions Extend their internal processes to their trading partners through extended enterprise solutions (EES). 2. Redesign business models and network infrastructure A lean model of manufacturing that relies heavily on Internet sales and s

3、upply chain integration with partners is the key. Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.1.供應鏈管理觀念介紹(Concept of Supply Chain Management)Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.Supply Chain Management is theprocess of managing the flow ofmaterial, service and information acrossdistributed business proce

4、sses forthe purpose of responding toand satisfying market demand.Objective of An Effective Supply-Chain ManagementProvide our customers with the highest degree of customer service level under the minimum cost東海工工 王立志博士製造系統規劃實驗室.企業的物流與資訊流反應其運籌特性(Material and Information Flows Reflect The Characterist

5、ics of Logistics)Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.2.供應鏈管理的戰略規劃、流程與系統 (SCM Strategic Planning, Process and System)Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.(1). SCM Strategic PlanningCopyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.(2). SCM Management Process Total Order ManagementCopyright 1999 Professor Li-C

6、hih Wang.運籌與供應鏈管理的中心流程全面訂單管理流程(Core Process of Logistics/SCM Management Total Order Management Process).全面訂單管理流程目的Objective of Total Order Management Process從接到顧客訂單開始到應收帳款處理為止的整體管理流程中能妥善有效的分配企業的有限資源 (The resources involved in the orveall management process starting from order taking to account recei

7、vable can be fully and optimized allocated and utilized)。.An efficient and effective decision model & APS is required to achieve the objective of TOM東海工工 王立志博士製造系統規劃實驗室.(3). SCM System FrameworkCopyright2000 Professor Li-Chih Wang.系統功能的觀點，主要根據前述管理與作業流程，探討其系統與上下游廠商的搭配，解析企業供給鏈管理系統的功能，及功能間的互動關係。ALIGNME

8、NT OFBusiness/Management/Operation ProcessDataInformation System (IT Enabler)Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.3.供應鏈管理、企業資源規劃 &先進規劃與排程 (SCM, ERP & APS)Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.先進規劃與排程系統Advanced Planning & Scheduling；APS 為能真正滿足顧客訂單與充分的利用企業的有限資源，除了ERP之外，還需求有適合且先進的整體規劃系統APS，以進行企業 整體供需規

9、劃及不同層次的生產規劃與排程。APS的特征包括同步規劃 synchronized concurrent planning、考慮資源限制下的規劃constraint-based planning、最正確化規劃optimization planning、即時性規劃real-time planning以及援助決策才干decision support ability，它改進了傳統MRP運算邏輯的錯誤與不準確性，以規劃出最正確化的規劃結果。 Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.Some Commercial Available APS Software in Ta

10、iwan1. i22. Manugistics3. PaceMaker4. Thru-Put (TOC-based).限制理論 (Theory of Constraints; TOC)背景限制理論(TOC)為Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt於1986年創立OPT The Goal OPT Thoughtware Synchronous Production TOC.Three TOC-based Business Novels1. The Goal 目標；天下文化出版: Enhance Production Management2. Its not Luck 絕不是靠運氣；天下文化出版

11、: Enhance Sales & Marketing3. Critical Chain: Product Development Integration.用來充分表達企業能否賺錢的目標及作為發展工廠根本營運原則的三個衡量指標：有效產出(throughput) 整個系統透過銷售不是生產而獲得金錢的速率。存貨(inventory) 整個系統投資在採購上的金錢，而採購是為了我們計劃賣出去的東西。營運費用(operational expense) 整個系統為了將存貨轉換為有效產出而花的錢。企業的目標 添加有效產出，但同時降低存貨和減少營運費用。.三種根本限制Three Fundamental Con

12、straints內部資源限制(internal resource constraints)：可為瓶頸或產能限制資源；它決定了整個工廠一切可用資源的的步調 (pace)。市場限制(market constraints)： 當市場需求小於一切設備的最小可用產能時；市場決定了生產的的步調。政策上的限制(policy constraints)：例如各站間WIP的上限。.TOC的五個循環步驟(Five Steps of TOC)找出系統的限制 (Identify the constraint) 決定如何最恰當的運用限制(Decide how to exploit the constraint)全力配合步

13、驟(2)所採取的措施 (Subordinate everything else to the action taken in Step 2)突破、提昇或化解限制 (Elevate the constraint)假設限制已於步驟 (4) 化解，則回到步驟 (1) ，不要讓系統中原有其他資源的 “惰性變成新的限制.DBR (Drum Buffer Rope) 排程方法主要即利用TOC五個循環步驟的步驟(1)、(2)及(3)。.全面訂單管理系統的實現有賴於ERP, APS與MES間的確實整合(TOM System Can Be AccomplishedThrough Seamless Integra

14、tion of ERP, APS and MES)東海工工 王立志博士製造系統規劃實驗室.快速回應 (Quick Response)快速回應Quick ResponseQR): 藉由加速資訊流動的速 度，使整個配銷通路/網絡從工廠生產到最終消費者的 產品流動/周轉率添加。 QR/CR的主要目的在於將正確的資訊，在正確的時間送達 正確的人手中，以作為正確決策之依據。 QR希望做到讓顧客由下單至收到貨品的前置時間愈短 愈好快速回應產品 Product 。 QR希望做到讓顧客能即時掌握與其訂單有關的一切重 要資訊，以利於顧客作更有效益的規劃與控制快速回 應資訊 Information 。Copyri

15、ght 2000 Professor Li-Chih Wang.供應鏈管理系統的關鍵在企業整合 (Enterprise Integration)Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.EAI & Traditional Middleware Solutions Middleware approach Middelware facilitates the integration of individual applications and discrete transactions between them. EAI approach EAI enables

16、an enterprise to manage relationships among multiple applications and the surrounding network of transactions that constitute a business process.4.供應鏈管理&企業電子化 (SCM & Electronic Business)Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.What are EC & EB?(source: GartnerGroup)Electronic Commerce: EC involves the

17、use of communication technologies (e.g., telephone and internet) to transmit business information and transact business. Electronic Business: EB comprises any Internet- or network-enabled business activity that transforms internal and external relationships to create value and exploit market opportu

18、nities driven by the new rules of the “connected economyCopyright 2000 Professor Li-Chih Wang.What is Customer Relationship Management?(source: GartnerGroup)CRM is an enterprisewide business strategy designed to optimize profitability, revenue and customer satisfaction by organizing the enterprise a

19、round customer segments, fostering customer-satisfying behaviors and linking processes from customers through suppliers. The application domains of CRM include: Technolog-Enabled Selling (TES) Customer Service and Support (CSS) Technolog-Enabled Marketing (TEM)Copyright 2000 Professor Li-Chih Wang.5

20、.供應鏈管理系統發展程序 (Development of An Effective SCM System)Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.6.案例介紹與經驗分享Copyright 1999 Professor Li-Chih Wang.企業整合資訊系統導入方法Implementation of CRIS Big Bang Approach (利用Standard Software Solution) Phased-in/Incremental Approach Evolutionary Approach Others (e.g., Framework Architecture)Copyright 2000 Professor Li-Chih Wang人才專業知識軟體&系統導入方法含流程與 方式專案管理企業整合(含基礎建