1、現在完成時1智囊經驗present(now)futurepast 現在完成時( present perfect tense)do my homework 2智囊經驗 現在完成時的構成主菜單上一頁下一頁have (has）+ 過去分詞3智囊經驗Mother: John, clean your teeth please.John: Mum, I have already(已經) cleaned them.4智囊經驗現在完成時的基本句型：肯定式：主語 + 助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞. 疑問式：助動詞Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞的過去分詞?否定式: 主語 + 助動詞have/h

2、as + not + 動詞的過去分詞. 5智囊經驗例句：6.Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了圖書館嗎？Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。No, he hasnt. 不，他沒去那里。7.How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？Smith夫人來北京多長時間了？ 6智囊經驗現在完成時的主要用法上一頁下一頁- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關了,對現在造成的結果是:現在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my ho

3、mework. I am free(我已經完成了家庭作業,對現在造成的結果是很有空)主菜單1.表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。 7智囊經驗上一頁下一頁I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經學了10多年的英語。(從10年前開始,持續到現在還在學)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經游泳了半個小時(半個小時前已經開始游泳,到現在還在游)現在完成時的主要用法主菜單2.表示過去已經開始, 持續到現在的動作或狀態.常與since + 過去的時間點，for + 一段時間，so far 等時間

4、狀語連用。8智囊經驗3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經歷.上一頁下一頁I have ever been to the Summer Palace?(我曾去過頤和園) I have never had a car. (我從未有過汽車。)現在完成時的主要用法主菜單9智囊經驗現在完成時的主要用法1.表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。 2.表示過去已經開始, 持續到現在的動作或狀態,3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經歷10智囊經驗現在完成時的運用(1):1在表示“用法1”時，現在完成時常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用。

5、11智囊經驗a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強 調或加強語氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問句。He has already left here. 他已經離開這里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經離開這里了嗎？（表示加強語氣）My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經給你父母寫過信了嗎？12智囊經驗yet在現在完成時中的用法 否定句:句末 “還(沒)”疑問句: 句末 “己經” Eg. I havent ha

6、d breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?13智囊經驗b） never 是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，而ever 表示“曾經”We have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來沒有去過長城。Have you ever been to Canada? 你們曾經去過加拿大嗎？ 14智囊經驗c） just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時態時，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞have/has和動詞過去分詞之間）He has just come back. 他剛剛回來。They have just fini

7、shed the work. 他們剛剛完成那項工作。15智囊經驗現在完成時的時間狀語常與already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 連用上一頁下一頁主菜單16智囊經驗1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段時間17智囊經驗2. since +從句(一般過去時)單詞 詞組 (表示過去某一時間的)時間點

8、Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.18智囊經驗since: (自以來)1)since+時間點Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+ 時間段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+ 從句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (長達）for+ 時間段He has kept the book

9、 for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法:19智囊經驗 注1): since 也可單獨使用, 表示“自那時起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加強語氣.Eg. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.20智囊經驗注2): 對for或since引導的時間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.Eg. *I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?*She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How

10、 long has she stood here?21智囊經驗短暫性動詞與延續動詞間的轉換22智囊經驗leavcome/go (to) arrive (at/in) get (to)reachbuyborrowfinish be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe over23智囊經驗joinstart/begindiecloseopenreturnmarrybecomebe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married be24智囊經

11、驗短暫性動詞與時間段的關系 短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go, arrive),die, finish, join, leave等。上一頁下一頁為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應的延續性動詞 來代替短暫性動詞。主菜單25智囊經驗 但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。上一頁下一頁主菜單26智囊經驗 翻 譯

12、練 習： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經死了十年了。 3.他已經回來三天了。 4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。 5.我離開家鄉已十年了。WW下一頁上一頁主菜單27智囊經驗have been 與have gone 的用法比較 1.have been to 意思是“到過，去過”表示曾經到過某處，但現在人不在那兒。 Eg.Has she ever been to Nanjing?2.have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經去了某地，現在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。Eg.You have been in Beijing for 2 years.3.have been in 意思是

13、“呆在某處一段時間了 Eg.She has gone to Nanjing. 28智囊經驗與一般過去時的用法比較一.現在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，但現在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強調事情與現在保持的某種密切聯系（如現在的結果，影響,一直延續到現在等）;而一般過去時，則只講述發生在過去的動作和事情與現在沒有關系。 上一頁下一頁主菜單29智囊經驗eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。上一頁下一頁 第

14、一句用現在完成時時態，想表達意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現在他還有這本字典” 。第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現在他是否有這本字典并未強 調說明。主菜單30智囊經驗二當有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現在完成時，而用一般過去時: 上一頁下一頁eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但since(自以來)+某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現在完成時連用。eg： They have

15、 known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.主菜單31智囊經驗三常與一般過去時連用的典型的 表示過去時間的狀語:上一頁下一頁yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),just now(剛才)， 時間+ ago, last +時間 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜單32智囊經驗It is +一段時間 +since+句子(一

16、般過去時)=一段時間+has passed +since + 句子(過去) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.33智囊經驗動 詞 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it?

17、He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 下一頁上一頁主菜單34智囊經驗4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.

18、8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.下一頁上一頁主菜單35智囊經驗選用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.

19、6. Its five years _ we met last time.下一頁上一頁主菜單36智囊經驗用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.Where

20、is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.下一頁上一頁主菜單37智囊經驗改 錯1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on b

21、usiness.5. He has gone out for two years.下一頁上一頁主菜單38智囊經驗The house is dirty. We _it for weeks.A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be3. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several time