1、霧天論文：霧天高速公路交通管制方法及對策研究【中文摘要】近年來,隨著全國高速公路行車里程的迅速增長,行車安全問題日益突出,特別是在霧天情況下的行車安全問題逐漸成為制約高速公路帶來經濟效益的瓶頸。為此,研究霧天高速公路交通管制方法及對策是高速公路路網日益密集、機動車總量日益增加的大背景下的必然要求和必要準備。結合國內外對霧天高速公路交通管制的研究現狀,借鑒美國、英國、德國等國家的先進科研成果,吸取相關領域的先進經驗,分別從理論、技術、管理三個角度、層面對問題進行研究分析。其中,重點研究了霧天高速公路的限速控制問題。根據Lambert-Beer定律及相對亮度對比公式,分析霧對能見度及高速公路交通安

2、全的影響過程。給出能見度與消光系數之間的定量關系式,進一步討論霧的各微觀量對能見度的影響。匯總典型霧的物理量數據,采用統計學的方法,對能見度與霧滴密度、含水量等微觀量之間的關系進行研究,得出能見度與這些量之間的回歸關系。探討霧對交通安全影響,分析能見度對高速公路行車速度的限制問題,并計算在出現大霧時對應于不同能見度條件下的最高限速值。借鑒國內外對霧天高速公路能見度和車速的關系、高速公路分車道、分車型限速實施、限速條件下駕駛員對速度的選擇和判斷等問題的研究成果,提出霧天高速公路分車道、分車型智能化限速控制理論。在此基礎上,結合美國、德國對高速公路限速區間的劃分、相鄰區間限速差與事故率的關系的研究

3、,探討了霧天高速公路容忍合并區間限速基準的選取等問題。借鑒美國霧天高速公路交通管理狀況,提出建立我國霧天高速公路行車安全保障系統的建議。該系統主要由高速公路氣象、車輛信息收集處理系統、霧天高速公路交通誘導和消霧系統、霧天高速公路交通信息反饋系統和霧天高速公路交通事故救援系統四部分組成,可有效減少霧天高速公路交通事故的人財損失。針對霧天高速公路交通管理存在的主要問題,提出霧天高速公路交通管理改進措施及建議。主要包括12個方面：建立霧情等級通報制度；引進國外先進技術并加強設備維護；加強經常性大型分流平臺安全設施建設；機動車駕駛員必須遵守規定；建立聯動機制,加強協調聯系；安全有效的處置霧區車輛；開發

4、駕駛員輔助決策系統；推廣道路天氣系統多樣化；加大外場設備布置密度；采用大霧預警及速度控制系統；完善聯動策略；關閉高速公路。【英文摘要】In recent years, with the rapid growth of the national freeway mileage, traffic safety has become prominent increasingly, especially in fog, the traffic safety has become a bottleneck because its constraint to the economic benefits f

5、rom freeway. So, under the background that the freeway network becomes increasingly intensive and the total number of the motor vehicles is increasing, the research of methods and strategies of the freeway traffic control in fog becomes an inevitable demand and a necessary preparation. Combining the

6、 present research situation in and out for freeway traffic control in the fog, learning the advanced scientific research from the United States, Britain, Germany and the other countries, assimilating the advanced experiences in related fields, this thesis studies the issue respectively in three angl

7、es and levels of theory, technology, management. Among them, the key research is the problem of highway speed limit control in the fog.According to the Lambert-Beers law and the formula for the relative brightnesss contrast, the process of fog reducing the visibility then affecting the freeway traff

8、ic safety has been analyzed. The quantitative relationship between visibility and extinction coefficient has been given and the effect on the visibility by the microscopic amount of fog has been discussed further. Summarized the typical physical data of fog, using statistical method for the analysis

9、 of the relationship among fog visibility, fog droplet number density, water content and the other micro-amount, then obtain the regression between visibility and these amounts. Explored the influence of fog on traffic safety, analyzed the problem of the visibility to the freeway speed limit, and th

10、e highest traffic limit speed has been calculated corresponding to the different visibility conditions in the event of a heavy fog.Take examples by the research results of the relations between the fog visibility and speed on freeway, the limit speed implementation through dividing strip and minutin

11、g vehicle type on freeway, the speed choice and judgment of driver in the situation of limited speed and other problems in and out, proposed the theory of freeway dividing strip and minuting vehicle type speed limit control on foggy day. On this basis, combine with the division of speed limit interv

12、al on freeway in the United States and Germany, the research of the relation between difference of speed limit and accident rate on adjacent interval, discussed the question of the choice of the speed limit standard in the toleranced combined interval on freeway in fog.Take examples by freeway traff

13、ic management conditions on foggy day in the United States, proposed to establish the fog freeway traffic safety system of our country, which mainly including freeway weather and traffic information collection and processing system, fog freeway traffic guidance and anti-fogging system, fog freeway t

14、raffic information feedback system and fog freeway traffic accident rescue system, which can effectively prevent the generation of freeway traffic accidents in fog.In view of the existed question in freeway traffic management, proposed the traffic management improvements which mainly including twelv

15、e areas that are establish fog leveled notification system, introduce foreign advanced technology and strengthen the equipment maintenance, strengthen the construction of the streaming platform security facilities, motor vehicle driver shall comply with the provisions, establish linkage mechanism an

16、d strengthen ties, disposal the fog zone vehicle safely and effectively, adopt fog warning and speed control system, spread and diversify road weather system, increase the arrangement density of outfield equipment, develop driver decision support system, perfect linkage strategy, close freeway.【關鍵詞】

17、霧天 高速公路 交通管制 限速方法 安全系統 管理措施【英文關鍵詞】foggy day highway traffic control speed limit method Safety System management improvements【目錄】霧天高速公路交通管制方法及對策研究 摘要 6-7 Abstract 7-8 第1章 緒論 12-20 1.1 研究背景與意義 12-13 1.2 國內外研究現狀 13-16 1.2.1 國內研究現狀 13-15 1.2.2 國外研究現狀 15-16 1.3 主要研究內容 16-17 1.4 研究方法和技術路線 17-19 1.4.1 研究方法

18、 17-18 1.4.2 技術路線 18-19 1.5 本論文的特色或創新之處 19-20 第2章 高速公路沿線霧的形成機理、特征及分布規律 20-25 2.1 霧的定義和分類 20-22 2.2 高速公路沿線霧的形成機理和特點 22-23 2.2.1 高速公路沿線霧的形成機理 22-23 2.2.2 高速公路沿線霧的特點 23 2.3 高速公路沿線霧的分布規律 23-24 2.3.1 霧區地理分布 23-24 2.3.2 霧區時間分布 24 2.4 本章小結 24-25 第3章 霧對高速公路交通安全的影響及限速分析 25-45 3.1 霧引發高速公路交通事故淺析 25-26 3.1.1 霧引發高速公路交通事故的現狀 25-26 3.1.2 霧引發高速公路交通事故的特點 26 3.2 霧對高速公路能見度的影響過程分析 26-28 3.3 霧的微觀組成與能見度的關系 28-29 3.3.1 影響霧中視線的關鍵因素分析 28 3.3.2 霧的微觀物理量、濃度與能見度的關系 28-29 3.4 霧天高速公路車速限制研究 29-44 3.4.1 霧對高速公路交通安全的影響 30-32 3.4.2 霧天能見度對高速公路交通安全的影響 32-33 3.4.3 霧天能見度對高速公路行車速度的限制 33-37 3.4.4