1、會計學1Discuss with your partner the following questions.Whats the climate like in your hometown?第1頁/共65頁 What kind of weather do you prefer? Whats the difference between weather and climate? 第2頁/共65頁 1. Hows the weather today? A. Cold. B. Mild. C. Snowy. 2. Whats the weather like in the mans country?

2、A. Colder. B. Just as cold. C. Warmer. 3. Whats the weather like this day? A. B. C. A. You will hear five short conversations twice. For each question, choose the best from the choices marked A, B or C.第3頁/共65頁4. Hows the weather today in Tokyo? A. Windy. B. Cold. C. Sunny.5. Whats the weather forec

3、ast for tomorrow morning? A. B. C. A. You will hear five short conversations twice. For each question, choose the best from the choices marked A, B or C.第4頁/共65頁1. There will be snow with strong winds in _ . A. the east B. London C. the north of Scotland2. It will be cold in the morning and then it

4、will get warmer in _ . A. the east B. the west C. the north of Scotland3. The day will start fine both in the South and in the East. In which part will get rainy and cooler? A. In the south. B. In the east. C. Neither.B. You will hear a passage. It will be read twice. Listen carefully and choose the

5、 right answer to complete each sentence.第5頁/共65頁4. In Wales, it will be _ in the morning.A. rainy B. sunny C. foggy5. In London, the weather will be _ .A. fine and warm B. windy C. rainyB. You will hear a passage. It will be read twice. Listen carefully and choose the right answer to complete each s

6、entence.第6頁/共65頁C. You will hear five sentences which will be read three times. Listen, repeat and write down what you hear.1._2._3._4._5._Whats the weather like in your country?Whats the weather forecast for today?There will be snow tomorrow morning.We have very good weather in Paris.It was rainy a

7、nd cold and then it cleared up and got warmer.第7頁/共65頁D. Listen to the dialogue twice and supply the missing words.Woman: Where do you come from? Man: I come from England.Woman: Whats the _ like in your country? Man: Its generally rather _ .Woman: _ the weather like in spring? Man: Its often _ in Ma

8、rch, and always _ in April and May, but _ sometimes.Woman: Whats it like in summer?climatemildWhatswindywarmrains第8頁/共65頁D. Listen to the dialogue twice and supply the missing words. Man: Its _ in June, July and August.Woman: Is it cold or warm in autumn? Man: Its always warm in _ and its often _ in

9、 November. It rains sometimes.Woman: Is it very cold in winter? Man: Its often cold in December, _ . It snows sometimes.hotSeptember and OctobercoldJanuary and February第9頁/共65頁TapescriptsA 1. F: Its very cold and damp today. M: How are the winters here generally? F: Theyre usually rather mild. 2. F:

10、 Do you like the weather in this country? M: Not really, but Im used to it now. F: Is the weather different in your country? M: Yes. It never gets as cold there as it does here. 3. F: Hi, Bob! Lovely day, isnt it? M: Yes, its sunny and not windy. F: Its a pleasant change after all the rains weve had

11、.第10頁/共65頁 4. M: And whats the weather like in Beijing? F: Mm. Its awful. Its cold and windy. We have to stay at the hotel all day. Is it windy in Tokyo? M: No. We have beautiful sunshine today and its warm. 5. F: Were having a picnic tomorrow. Why dont you come with us? M: Id like to, but I wonder

12、whether its going to rain tomorrow. What does the weather forecast say? F: The weatherman says it may be foggy in the morning and then it will clear up with a height of about 18 , but it is supposed to rain at night.第11頁/共65頁TapescriptsB Here is the weather forecast for the next 24 hours. In the Nor

13、th of Scotland, there will be snow with strong winds. It will be very cold. In England and Wales, the weather will be much better. There will be some fog in the morning. But the fog will clear. And in the south, it will be a fine day with some sunshine. It will be quite warm. In the west, it will be

14、 cold in the morning, but it will get warmer, and perhaps there will be some sunshine later. In the east, the day will start fine, but then the weather will change. In the afternoon, there will be some rain. It will get cooler. And here in London, the weather will be fine and warm with some sunshine

15、. And thats the end of the weather forecast for today.第12頁/共65頁 ReadingReading第13頁/共65頁Using Weather Information We all use weather information of one kind or another, mostly to make decisions. It might be a simple decision to take a raincoat when going to school or to delay the start of a football

16、match, or it might be a more important one to divert an airliner to a fog-free airport. Millions of decisions like these are made every day, and to help decision makers the weatherman can provide information about the past or the future. For the past they have compiled a great mass of statistical an

17、d climatological data on which they can draw to answer all sorts of inquiries; for the future they prepare forecasts. Text第14頁/共65頁Text Below are just a few of the activities for which specialized weather services are provided. Nowadays most aircraft fly high, well above the clouds and weather, but

18、their crews are still vitally interested in landing conditions at their destination, i.e. the cloud base and visibility there. If bad weather is expected the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing. Ships, whe

19、ther large or small, are often at the mercy of the winds and the waves. The large ones can usually ride out the biggest storms, but smaller ones may have to take avoiding action to prevent loss or damage. The weather services help by warning the coming strong winds and by predicting their movement.

20、第15頁/共65頁Text Many long-range lorry operators plan their journeys on the basis of special weather forecast; and things such as the degree of refrigeration required for perishable goods during transportation can be determined from temperature forecasts. Trains can be held up by frozen points, the ici

21、ng of electric conductor rails and fog, so warnings are provided by weatherman in time for precautionary measures to be taken. Farmers have always had a particular interest in the weather because it affects their work and the products of their work at all stages. They like just the right amount of s

22、unshine, all coming at the right time. Perfect weather is not normally provided and the farmer has to make the best of what he gets, so to plan his operations he relies on the weatherman.第16頁/共65頁Text運用氣象信息運用氣象信息 我們都用這種或那種氣象信息，多半借以做出決定。我們都用這種或那種氣象信息，多半借以做出決定。這可能是如上學帶雨衣或推遲舉行足球賽之類的簡單決定這可能是如上學帶雨衣或推遲舉行足

23、球賽之類的簡單決定，也可能是如讓客機轉飛無霧機場這樣較重要的決定。每，也可能是如讓客機轉飛無霧機場這樣較重要的決定。每天都要做出無數這樣的決定。氣象員可以提供過去和未來天都要做出無數這樣的決定。氣象員可以提供過去和未來的氣象信息以幫助決策者。對于過去的氣象信息，氣象員的氣象信息以幫助決策者。對于過去的氣象信息，氣象員編制了大量的氣象統計資料以用來回答有關過去的氣象信編制了大量的氣象統計資料以用來回答有關過去的氣象信息的詢問；也為未來的天氣預報做準備息的詢問；也為未來的天氣預報做準備.第17頁/共65頁Text 下面只是一些需要提供特殊氣象服務活動的例子。下面只是一些需要提供特殊氣象服務活動的例

24、子。 現在大多數飛機飛得很高，遠在云層之上，不受天現在大多數飛機飛得很高，遠在云層之上，不受天氣影響。但是機務人員依然對目的地的著陸條件，如云氣影響。但是機務人員依然對目的地的著陸條件，如云底和能見度等很感興趣。如果預計氣候惡劣，天氣預報底和能見度等很感興趣。如果預計氣候惡劣，天氣預報人員必須能夠在該飛機航程內提出另一個天氣適合著陸人員必須能夠在該飛機航程內提出另一個天氣適合著陸的機場。的機場。 船只無論大小，其命運都受風浪擺布。大船通常能船只無論大小，其命運都受風浪擺布。大船通常能安然度過風暴，但較小的船只可能必須采取預防措施避安然度過風暴，但較小的船只可能必須采取預防措施避免受到損失和破壞

25、。氣象臺發出大風警報，預報大風動免受到損失和破壞。氣象臺發出大風警報，預報大風動向，從而提供幫助。向，從而提供幫助。第18頁/共65頁Text 許多長途卡車司機根據特殊氣象預報來計劃他們許多長途卡車司機根據特殊氣象預報來計劃他們的行程；像運輸易腐爛食品所需的冷卻溫度之類的事的行程；像運輸易腐爛食品所需的冷卻溫度之類的事情就可根據氣溫預報來確定。情就可根據氣溫預報來確定。 結冰的道岔、鐵軌上出現的冰凍、結冰的帶電導結冰的道岔、鐵軌上出現的冰凍、結冰的帶電導體以及霧等都會使火車停駛，所以氣象人員必須及時體以及霧等都會使火車停駛，所以氣象人員必須及時發出警報以便采取預防措施。發出警報以便采取預防措施

26、。 農民一直特別關心氣候情況，因為氣候在所有生農民一直特別關心氣候情況，因為氣候在所有生產階段都影響他們勞動及收成。他們想要適時適量的產階段都影響他們勞動及收成。他們想要適時適量的光照。但風調雨順的好天氣不多見。農民只能充分利光照。但風調雨順的好天氣不多見。農民只能充分利用其所能遇到的天氣用其所能遇到的天氣, 所以他必須依靠氣象預報員來所以他必須依靠氣象預報員來安排他的農事。安排他的農事。第19頁/共65頁例如： an ice-free harbour 不凍港 a nuclear-weapon-free zone 無核武器區 an interest-free loan 無息貸款 tax-fre

27、e 免稅的Notes1.a fog-free airport 無霧機場無霧機場fog-free 是一個復合形容詞，其中free 表示“無的”，“免除的”。第20頁/共65頁其中，draw on 的意思是“利用”，“靠”，“憑借”。on which they can draw to answer all sorts of inquiries 為data 的定語從句。如果which 在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，那么這個介詞可以提到從句前，構成介詞 + which (whom) 引出的定語從句。Notes2. For the past they have compiled a great mass o

28、f statistical and climatological data on which they can draw to answer all sorts of inquiries. 他們已經匯編了大量的統計數字和氣候學資料，以便回答有關過他們已經匯編了大量的統計數字和氣候學資料，以便回答有關過 去的氣象信息的詢問。去的氣象信息的詢問。又如課文中的下一句：Below are just a few of the activities for which specialized weather services areprovided. 以下只是一些需要為之提供特殊氣象服務的例子。第21頁/

29、共65頁從句 for which specialized weather services are provided 作 activities 的定語。又如：Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 海流影響其附近陸地的氣候。NotesThe girl to whom you spoke is my sister. 跟你說話的那個女孩是我妹妹。這種句子中的關系代詞有時也可省略。關系代詞省略之后，介詞應放在定語從句的句尾。口語中這種句型很常用。如：The girl you spoke to is m

30、y sister. 跟你說話的那個女孩是我妹妹。第22頁/共65頁at the mercy of 任處置；對無能為力Notes3. Ships, whether large or small, are often at the mercy of the winds and the waves. 船只無論大小，其命運常受風浪擺布。船只無論大小，其命運常受風浪擺布。例如：The day will certainly come when peasants will no longer be at the mercy of the weather for good harvest. 農民不再靠天吃飯，

31、這一天肯定會來到。第23頁/共65頁ride out 渡過難關；經受住Notes4. The large ones can usually ride out the biggest storms, 大船通常能安然渡過大風暴，大船通常能安然渡過大風暴，例如：We hope to ride out this recession better than last time. 我們希望這一次能更順利地渡過經濟衰退期。第24頁/共65頁Notes5. Things such as the degree of refrigeration required for perishable goods duri

32、ng transportation can be determined from temperature forecasts. 類似運輸易腐食品所需的冷藏溫度問題也可以根據氣溫預報類似運輸易腐食品所需的冷藏溫度問題也可以根據氣溫預報 來確定。來確定。6. Trains can be held up by frozen points, the icing of electric conductor rails and fog, . 結冰的道岔、導電軌上的冰凍以及霧都會使火車停駛，結冰的道岔、導電軌上的冰凍以及霧都會使火車停駛，points 在此處指鐵軌上的“道岔”。用于此義時常用復數。elect

33、ric conductor rail 導電軌，接觸軌（與路軌平行的軌道, 可供機車導入電流）第25頁/共65頁mostly adv.1) for the greatest part; mainlye.g. The earth here is mostly clay. Most of the Americans use their cars mostly for their job.2) generally; usuallye.g. The audience consisted mostly of women. The weather has been mostly warm.delay1) v

34、t. to postpone until a later timee.g. The letter was delayed three days by the train accident. We decided to delay our holiday until next month. He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment.第26頁/共65頁2) vi. to act or move slowly; put off an action or a decisione.g. Its getting late;

35、dont delay. Dont delay; call us today.3) n. the act of delaying; postponemente.g. After a delay of one hour, we continued our journey. Commuters will face long delays on the roads today.divert1) vt. to turn aside from a course or directione.g. A ditch diverted water from the stream into the fields.

36、The government is planning to divert the river to supply water to the town. A loud noise from the street diverted my attention.Language Points第27頁/共65頁2) vi. to change the direction or the use of somethinge.g. The trucks were forced to divert to another road. He was trained as an actor, but diverted

37、 to diplomacy. Traffic was ordered to divert to another road because of the repair of the main road. compile vt.to gather into a single booke.g. We are compiling an English dictionary for students. The album was compiled from live recordings from last years tour. We are trying to compile a list of s

38、uitable people for the job.Language Points第28頁/共65頁 statistic n.a collection of information shown in numberse.g. According to official statistics the disease killed over 500 people. Statistics show that far more people are able to ride a bicycle than can drive a car. An important statistic is that 9

39、4% of crime relates to property.statistical adj.relating to the science of using numbers to present factse.g. statistical methods in data analysis statistical tables and graphsLanguage Points第29頁/共65頁 statistically adv.e.g. statistical analysis/ methods/data The difference between the two samples wa

40、snt statistically significant. Cure rates didnt differ statistically between the two groups.statistics n.the science of using numbers to represent facts and describe situationse.g. He got a masters degree in economics and statistics.specialize vi.to pursue a special activity, occupation, or field of

41、 studye.g. That doctor specializes in childrens illnesses. After she qualified as a lawyer, she decided to specialize in contract law.Language Points第30頁/共65頁speciality (BrE), specialty (AmE) n.1) C a special field of work or studye.g. Her specialty is Business English. His specialty is biology; min

42、e is physiology.2) speciality (BrE) a particular fine or excellent producte.g. I can recommend the vegetable pieits the specialty of the restaurant. The menu changes daily, though the specialty is seafood. Wood carving is a specialty of this village.visible adj.that can be seene.g. The house is clea

43、rly visible from the beach. Most stars arent visible to the naked eyes. She made a visible effort to control her anger.Language Points第31頁/共65頁visibility n.U how far or well you can seee.g. Visibility was down to about 100 meters in the fog. The car has excellent all-round visibility. The advertisem

44、ents were to increase the companys visibility in the market place.mercy n.1) a kind or forgiving attitude towards somebodye.g. He begged for mercy. They showed no mercy to their hostages.2) an event or a situation to be grateful, usually because it stops something unpleasante.g. Its a mercy that the

45、 explosion happened after the theatre. Its a mercy that she wasnt seriously hurt.Language Points第32頁/共65頁at the mercy ofin a situation controlled by somebody or something with the power to harm youe.g. Im not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank. We were at the mercy of the weatheravoid vt.t

46、o choose not to do somethinge.g. I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and ran towards me. To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors. To avoid the city center, we may turn right here and take the belt highway.Language Points第33頁/共65頁rely on sb./sth. (to do sth.)1) to tru

47、st somebody / something to do for youe.g. My brother can help. At least we can rely on him. You should rely on your own judgment. You can rely on me to keep this secret.2) to need or be dependent on somebody / somethinge.g. These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work. The industry r

48、elies on the price of raw materials remaining low. The museum relies on voluntary donations to keep open.Language Points第34頁/共65頁reliable adj.can be trusted; dependablee.g. Its not reliable to judge a man only by his looks. Alice can look after this child. She is very reliable. I heard this from a v

49、ery reliable source.prevent v.to keep from happeninge.g. Regular cleaning may help prevent infection. If necessary, add a little water to prevent sticking.prevent. fromto keep (something) from (happening); stop (somebody) from ( doing something)e.g. What prevented you from joining us last night? He

50、is prevented by law from holding a license. We must prevent the disease from spreading.Language Points第35頁/共65頁be suitable forto be right for particular purposee.g. This film isnt suitable for young children. Is he suitable for the important position? We need more programs that are suitable for chil

51、dren.ride outto overcome a difficult or dangerous period or situation without any seriousprobleme.g. The ship rode out the storm without any permanent damage. We hope to ride out this recession better than last time. We shall certainly be able to ride out every difficulty.Language Points第36頁/共65頁hol

52、d up1) to delay or block the movement or progress of sb./sth.e.g. An accident is holding up traffic. My application was held up by the postal strike. Sorry Im late, but my train was held up.2) to remain strong and working effectivelye.g. Shes holding up well under the pressure. Her legs were almost

53、too shaky to hold her up.Language Points第37頁/共65頁take measures/precautions to do sth.to take an official action to achieve a particular aime.g. We must take preventive measures to reduce pollution in this area. Doctors recommended taking precautions to protect your skin from the sun. Stronger measur

54、es will have to be taken to bring down unemployment.make the best of sth.to accept the bad or difficult situation and do as well as you cane.g. The girl didnt like to wash dishes, but she made the best of it. One must learn to make the best of a bad job.Language Points第38頁/共65頁1)In formal styles we

55、often put a preposition before the relative pronouns which (for things) and whom (for people).Structure and Grammar句型：句型：prep. + which/whome.g. The rate at which a material heats up depends on its chemical composition. In the novel by Peters, on which the film is based, the main character is a teena

56、ger. Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost. Mr. Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. I have at last met Lindas tenant, about whom I have heard so much. Her many friends, among whom I like to be considered, gave her encouragement.第3

57、9頁/共65頁Structure and Grammare.g. Who is the man with whom you just shook hands? The two things about which Marx wasnt sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.Notice that after a preposition you cant use who instead of whom and you cant use that or zero relative pronoun.In informal English we us

58、ually put the preposition later in the relative clause rather than at the beginning. When we do this, we normally use who (not whom) for people.e.g. This is Mr Carter, who I was telling you about. The playground wasnt used by those children who it was built for. Yesterday we visited the City Museum,

59、 which Id never been to before. His house, which he paid $10,000 for ten years ago, is now worth $50,000.第40頁/共65頁Structure and Grammar2) If the verb in a relative clause is a phrasal verb ending with a preposition, you cannot move the preposition to the beginning of the clause. Combinations such as

60、 “ come across, look after, look for, look up to, turn in, pay attention to, take care of, depend on, listen to, put up with” should be treated as a unit, i.e., the preposition/ a adverb shouldnt be separated from the verb.e.g. Everyone I came across seemed to know about it. This machine, which I ha