1、高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解指導(dǎo)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解指導(dǎo)Reading Comprehension高考閱讀文章體裁和題材高考閱讀文章體裁和題材 說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文(Exposition) ：科普類(lèi)、社會(huì)生活類(lèi)、介紹類(lèi)等 應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文(Practical writing )：廣告、新聞、調(diào)查報(bào)告、說(shuō)明書(shū)等 記敘文記敘文 (Narration) ：文學(xué)類(lèi)（小說(shuō)、故事、人物傳記等） 議論文議論文(Argumentation) ：各種社會(huì)熱議話(huà)題近三年江蘇高考閱讀理解題型及分布近三年江蘇高考閱讀理解題型及分布年限事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)Detail推理判斷Inference主旨大意Main idea語(yǔ)義理解Semantic20108511

2、2011852020126612講解與指導(dǎo)講解與指導(dǎo)A What genre(體裁體裁) does this text belong to ?A. Exposition (說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文) B. Argumentation (議論文議論文)C. Practical writing (應(yīng)用文）應(yīng)用文）D. Narration (記敘文）記敘文） 1. What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone? A. Being stuck by the highway. B. Being urged by his grandkids. C. Being

3、 persuaded by cell phone salespersons. D. Being attracted by the friendly return policy. 【試題解析】【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)“Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the hig

4、hway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cellthe last straw- the straw(稻草稻草) that breaks the camels back壓垮駱駝的稻草壓垮駱駝的稻草The last problem that finally makes sb give up 終于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事終于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事3. An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is_.A. its discount pr

5、ice with a free giftB. its reasonable rate plans without a contractC. its “global-positioning” system with 911 accessD. its good customer service all over the world【試題解析】【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)Affordable plans that I can understand-and no contract to sign (簽訂)! Unlike other cell phones，Jitterbug has plans th

6、at make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I m never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan，I won t find myself 干擾項(xiàng)：部分錯(cuò)誤干擾項(xiàng)：部分錯(cuò)誤C最強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)最強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng): 含有含有g(shù)lobal-positioning該信息，而未提及該信息，而未提及Jitterbug這款手機(jī)就具有該功能。這款手機(jī)就具有該功能。有我能懂的可承受的費(fèi)率結(jié)算方案，以及有我能懂的可承受的費(fèi)率結(jié)算方案，以及無(wú)需簽訂消費(fèi)合同無(wú)需簽訂消費(fèi)合同事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題指導(dǎo)策略事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題指導(dǎo)策略提問(wèn)方式提問(wèn)方式(

7、Question forms): Which of the following statement is true/false?Choose the right order of the events given in the textWhich of the following is not the result of .?What does the writer pay the least attention to?The author gives the example in order to.?干擾項(xiàng)特征干擾項(xiàng)特征(Identities of wrong choices)l Not m

8、entionedl Partly mentioned l To switch information of A to that of Bl Similar to original sentences, with some key word changedl Partly right, partly wrongl Wrong summary about facts(無(wú)中生有、以偏概全、張冠李戴、與原文極為相似，無(wú)中生有、以偏概全、張冠李戴、與原文極為相似，但改變一些關(guān)鍵詞、部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤、對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)事但改變一些關(guān)鍵詞、部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤、對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)的錯(cuò)誤概括實(shí)的錯(cuò)誤概括)Approaches:1

9、. Scanning the passage with questions2. Positioning the content in the related paragraphs3. Analyzing the key sentences, especially complex ones4. Figuring out main ideas of the paragraph and the relationship between main ideas and facts.(1. 查讀法：帶著問(wèn)題瀏覽文章查讀法：帶著問(wèn)題瀏覽文章 2.原文定位法：原文定位法： 根據(jù)題根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)內(nèi)容

10、干中關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)內(nèi)容 3. 分析關(guān)鍵句和長(zhǎng)難句分析關(guān)鍵句和長(zhǎng)難句 4. 判定細(xì)節(jié)和主題的關(guān)系判定細(xì)節(jié)和主題的關(guān)系) Practice Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks-both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, par

11、ticipants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate. Berningers study published in 2009 _. A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer. B. indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper. C. found that good essays ar

12、e made up of long sentences. D. discussed the importance of writing speed.study or consider sthA-a correct summaryB/C/D-incorrect understanding B What genre does this text belong to ?A. Exposition (說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文) B. Argumentation (議論文議論文)C. Practical writing (應(yīng)用文）應(yīng)用文）D. Narration (記敘文）記敘文） 5. According to

13、the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_. A. it can help plastic degrade B. it can be found in living things C. its mass production has been realized D. its raw materials are abundant in nature【試題解析】【試題解析】推理判斷推理判斷（para4）Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from

14、which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. 12該段主題句該段主題句支撐句支撐句1和和2是何關(guān)系？是何關(guān)系？ That makes shrilk low co

15、st, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.此句意為此句意為, “如果將如果將shrilk用于那些對(duì)材料需求量大的產(chǎn)品，其存在用于那些對(duì)材料需求量大的產(chǎn)品，其存在于自然界中豐富的物質(zhì)材料會(huì)使得成本低，而且可以大量生產(chǎn)。于自然界中豐富的物質(zhì)材料會(huì)使得成本低，而且可以大量生產(chǎn)。”2長(zhǎng)難句長(zhǎng)難句2分析分析:uthat 指代前面提到的指代前面提到的materials from which its made are plentiful in natureum

16、ake 后接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，后接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，make shrilk (使其使其成本低）成本低）make its mass production possible(使其大量生產(chǎn)成為使其大量生產(chǎn)成為可能）可能）ushould it be used for.= if it should be used for . It 指指shrilk5. According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_. A. it can help plastic degrade B. it can be found i

17、n living things C. its mass production has been realized D. its raw materials are abundant in nature【試題解析】【試題解析】推理判斷推理判斷（para4）Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to liv

18、ing plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. 12該段主題句該段主題句支撐句支撐句1和和2是何關(guān)系？是何關(guān)系？ 無(wú)關(guān)信息無(wú)關(guān)信息片面信息片面信息C為最大干擾項(xiàng)，通過(guò)對(duì)支撐句和長(zhǎng)難句的分析，便可排除為最大干擾項(xiàng)，通過(guò)對(duì)支撐句和長(zhǎng)難句的分析，便可排除。因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系Cause-effect推理判斷題指導(dǎo)策略推理判斷題指導(dǎo)策略提問(wèn)方式提問(wèn)方式(Question forms): It

19、 can be inferred from the passage that The author suggests that _ What does the passage imply about? Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? What is the authors attitude toward?題型特征：題型特征：主旨類(lèi)推理判斷和局部推理判斷；理解原文字主旨類(lèi)推理判斷和局部推理判斷；理解原文字面意義基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，作面意義基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，作出判斷和推理

20、出判斷和推理解題方法：解題方法：1.直接推導(dǎo)法直接推導(dǎo)法：迅速定位考點(diǎn)出處，根據(jù)此處上下文推敲迅速定位考點(diǎn)出處，根據(jù)此處上下文推敲2. 排除法：排除法：排除掉那些膚淺闡釋、顛倒次序、無(wú)中生有排除掉那些膚淺闡釋、顛倒次序、無(wú)中生有的選項(xiàng)，必須遵循一個(gè)原則的選項(xiàng)，必須遵循一個(gè)原則“緊扣文章內(nèi)容緊扣文章內(nèi)容”干擾項(xiàng)特征干擾項(xiàng)特征:推理過(guò)度，超出文章范圍推理過(guò)度，超出文章范圍只是原文的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述而非推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論只是原文的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述而非推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論看似從原文中推斷出來(lái)，而因果倒置、手段變目的等看似從原文中推斷出來(lái)，而因果倒置、手段變目的等考生已有的常識(shí)，但不是從文章內(nèi)容而推斷得出考生已有的常識(shí)，但不是從

21、文章內(nèi)容而推斷得出 One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, I found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldnt stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off. No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived. Generally in this sit

22、uation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help. What was the problem with guessing

23、 at the sound to stop a bus? A. Other vehicles also stopped there. B. It was unreliable for making judgments. C. More lorries than buses responded to the girl. D. It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.Practice 無(wú)關(guān)信息無(wú)關(guān)信息錯(cuò)誤推斷錯(cuò)誤推斷考生固有的常識(shí)：盲人乘車(chē)不便，花時(shí)間自然多，但與此題無(wú)關(guān)考生固有的常識(shí)：盲人乘車(chē)不便，花時(shí)間自然多，但與此題無(wú)關(guān) Wha

24、t will be talked about in the next paragraph? A. More reasons for sub health B. The way to solve the problem of sub healthC. Who suffers from sub health D. Why people with higher education more likely to suffer sub health. Bad working habits, poor disease prevention knowledge, not enough governmenta

25、l investment and lack of health education are the main reasons, said Yang Xiaoduo, a healthcare expert with a local health association, who said China should race against time seeking measures to solve the sub health problem.Identifying links between paragraphs The last sentence introduces the topic

26、 of the next paragraphCWhat genre does this text belong to ?A. Exposition (說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文) B. Argumentation (議論文議論文)C. Practical writing (應(yīng)用文）應(yīng)用文）D. Narration (記敘文）記敘文） 11The authors attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as_. A. enthusiastic B. negative C. positive D.

27、sympathetic As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it isnt wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I cant expect all our customers are.

28、There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.【試題解析】【試題解析】推理判斷推理判斷- 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度作者要選能給

29、顧客留下好印象的員工，拒聘那些令顧客失望作者要選能給顧客留下好印象的員工，拒聘那些令顧客失望的，公司不必改變其對(duì)服飾要求的規(guī)定去迎合應(yīng)聘者的，公司不必改變其對(duì)服飾要求的規(guī)定去迎合應(yīng)聘者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度解題方法：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度解題方法：1. 辨別清楚文章文體辨別清楚文章文體：議論文議論文，文章中心句一般暗示作者的態(tài)度；說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文，其體裁客觀性，作者態(tài)度往往中立；記敘文記敘文，文章觀點(diǎn)不直接給出，作者寫(xiě)作常帶有某種傾向，需細(xì)心捕捉情感態(tài)度的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子2. 區(qū)分選項(xiàng)的褒貶義區(qū)分選項(xiàng)的褒貶義( Emotional meaning)褒義詞commendatory 中性詞neuter貶義詞derogatorypo

30、sitive肯定、積極的supportive 支持的optimistic 樂(lè)觀的serious 嚴(yán)肅的enthusiastic 熱情的concerned 關(guān)切的admiring 羨慕的indifferent 冷淡、中立的neutral 中立的impassive 不動(dòng)感情的subjective 主觀的objective 客觀的informative 提供信息的disgusted 厭惡的critical 批評(píng)的negative 否定的suspicious 懷疑的pessimistic 悲觀的depressed 沮喪的Ironic諷刺的DWhat genre does this text belon

31、g to ?A. Exposition (說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文) B. Argumentation (議論文議論文)C. Practical writing (應(yīng)用文）應(yīng)用文）D. Narration (記敘文）記敘文） 12. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean? A. I was waiting for good fortune. B. I was trying to find an admirable job. C. I was being aimless about a suitable job. D. I was doing s

32、everal jobs for more pay at a time. I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didnt think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finall

33、y, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull. 【試題解析】【試題解析】語(yǔ)義理解語(yǔ)義理解不知道做什么為了收入來(lái)源，做過(guò)記者曲解文意，未明確曲解文意，未明確 最后有了一份工作語(yǔ)義理解題指導(dǎo)策略語(yǔ)義理解題指導(dǎo)策略提問(wèn)方式提問(wèn)方式(Question forms): The word “”refers to .? The underlined word “” could be replaced by

34、? What do you think the expression “” stands for? Which of the following is closest in meaning to “”? By saying “” we mean 題型特征：題型特征：對(duì)文中單詞、詞組和句子的理解解題方法：解題方法：1.通過(guò)上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義通過(guò)上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義(context)定義或釋義關(guān)系定義或釋義關(guān)系同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系同義或反義關(guān)系同義或反義關(guān)系描寫(xiě)描寫(xiě)因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系語(yǔ)法功能語(yǔ)法功能上下文提供的信息上下文提供的信息 代詞所指的內(nèi)容代詞所指的內(nèi)容2. 通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法來(lái)猜測(cè)通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法來(lái)猜測(cè)( word

35、 formation)l 轉(zhuǎn)化：詞形不變而詞性發(fā)生變化轉(zhuǎn)化：詞形不變而詞性發(fā)生變化l 合成詞：由兩個(gè)或以上的獨(dú)立含義的單詞組合而成的合成詞：由兩個(gè)或以上的獨(dú)立含義的單詞組合而成的l 派生詞：在詞根上加前綴和后綴派生詞：在詞根上加前綴和后綴3. 平時(shí)注意累積生詞和短語(yǔ)平時(shí)注意累積生詞和短語(yǔ)(accumulation) One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My baby brother was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had be

36、en sent to a hospital. He had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless”, “pitiful”, and “dying”, which sounded ominous.What does the underlined word “ominous” in Paragraph3 probably mean?A. Impossible B. Boring C. Difficult D. FearfulPractice According to des

37、cription Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. ”I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didnt seem to require any explanation.The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to _. A. realize our dreams B. give

38、 support to our life C. smooth away difficulties D. awake our emotionsPractice 修辭法：暗喻（修辭法：暗喻（metaphor), 將書(shū)比喻成斧子將書(shū)比喻成斧子,內(nèi)心的冰河比喻成內(nèi)心的冰河比喻成沉睡的情感。字面意思沉睡的情感。字面意思“一本書(shū)就是能融化我們冰凍著的內(nèi)心的一本書(shū)就是能融化我們冰凍著的內(nèi)心的一把斧子一把斧子”,即指即指一本書(shū)能夠喚醒我們內(nèi)心深處的情感引起共鳴一本書(shū)能夠喚醒我們內(nèi)心深處的情感引起共鳴之意。之意。 For lawyers, a courtroom is a battlefield.Compare

39、d to my house, his is a palace.【試題解析】【試題解析】主旨大意主旨大意 It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, theres no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract(合同)of the publisher to be a published write

40、r is unbelievably rewarding. B 信息正確，無(wú)關(guān)主題信息正確，無(wú)關(guān)主題 C 延伸內(nèi)容，出現(xiàn)在文末，但與主題不密切延伸內(nèi)容，出現(xiàn)在文末，但與主題不密切D 局部信息，屬細(xì)節(jié)而非概括局部信息，屬細(xì)節(jié)而非概括干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) ：15. What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph? A. It pays to stick to ones goal.B. Hard work can lead to success. C. She feels like being unexpectedly lucky. D. There is no end in sight when starting to do something 當(dāng)你開(kāi)始從事不同的事時(shí)，起初看不到結(jié)果，而最后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在出版合同上簽名時(shí)將成為出版作家，才體會(huì)到這未曾想過(guò)的回報(bào)主旨大意題指導(dǎo)策略主旨大意題指導(dǎo)策略提問(wèn)方式提問(wèn)方式(Question forms): The m