1、北京外國語大學2001年研究生入學考試基礎英語試卷A nation dividedWhat to do about the ever widening gulf between rich and poor? Mortimer B. ZuckermanWe are becoming two nations. The prosperous are rapidly getting more prosperous and the poor are slowly getting poorer. George W. Bush did well to rebuke his party when House

2、Republicans maneuvered to balance the budget by proposing to delay the earned income tax credit for the working poorpaying it in monthly installments rather than an annual lump sum. “I dont think they ought to balance the budget on the backs of the poor,” Bush said. Instead, it is time for aspiring

3、leaders to ponder how the two nations might more closely become one.The American economy is growing dramatically. But this prosperity is being distributed very unevenly. The America that is doing well is doing very well indeed. But most benefits have gone to those who work in industries where the ma

4、in product is information. The losers have been the producers of tangible goods and personal serviceseven teachers and health care providers. The high-tech information economy has been growing at approximately 10 times the rate of the older industrial economy. It has enjoyed substantial job growth,

5、the highest productivity gains（about 30 percent a year）, and bigger profits. It can therefore afford bigger wage gains（about four times that of the older economy）. And this wage gap is likely to widen for years to come.The rich get richer. The concentration of wealth is even more dramatic. New York

6、University economist Edward Wolff points out that the top 20 percent of Americans account for more than 100 percent of the total growth in wealth from 1983 to 1997 while the bottom 80 percent lost 7 percent. Another study found that the top 1percent saw their after-tax income jump 115 percent in the

7、 past 22 years. The top fifth have seen an after-tax increase of 43 percent during the same period while the bottom fifth of all Americansincluding many working mothershave seen their after-tax incomes fall 9 percent. The result is that 4 out of 5 householdssome 217 million peoplewill take home a th

8、inner slice of the economic pie than they did 22 years ago.There are those who point out that these income figures do not fully reflect the improvement in the standard of living and say that attention should be paid to what Americans own, what they buy, and how they live, A fair point. Two economist

9、s, W. Michael Cox and Richard Alm, have revealed that each person in the average household today has 814 square feet of living space compared with 478 square feet in 1970;that 62 percent of all households own two or more vehicles compared with 29 percent back then; that the number of gas ranges has

10、increased sixfold, air travel four times, and the median household wealthi.e., the family right in the middlehas jumped dramatically. Even given such improvements in life quality, our public policy must not exacerbate the disproportionate concentrations of wealth.Fortunately, Americans are pragmatis

11、ts. They know that what you earn depends on what you learn, especially in a digital economy; so 83 percent of our children now complete four years of high school, compared with 55 percent in 1970.This is good news. But vast numbers of people feel marginalized in an information-based economy. For too

12、 many, work no longer provides the kinds of wages and promotions that allow them to achieve economic success or security. Wage increases do not substantially increase their real income, so they have to work longer hours, get a higher-paying shift, or find another job. These are the people who are pa

13、rticularly concerned about the benefits they stand to gain from Medicare and Social Security. If they do manage to put together a successful strategy to survive, they should not be hit with sudden shockslike the denial of the lump-sum tax credit.Bush may have discomfited his Republican colleagues, b

14、ut his words served to remind that they are out of touch with the realities of life for so many Americans. He later softened his criticism, but it is time, nevertheless, for a more generous leadership from the House Republicans. They should not berate Bush. Indeed, they may well find themselves in h

15、is dept should his appeal to the center of American politics provide them the coattails they will need when voters head to the polls in just over a year.1. Explain the underlined part in English, bringing out the implied meaning, it there is any:（22%）（1）I dont think of the poor （3%）（2）The result is

16、22 years ago （3%）（3）A fair point. （2%）（4）our public policy wealth （3%）（5）vast numbers economy （3%）（6）These are Social Security （3%）（7）they may well find over a year. （3%）2. Answer he following questions briefly and to the point（13%）（1）What does it mean by the title “A Nation Divided ”? （3%）（2）What i

17、s the main reason for the widening gap of income, according to the writer?（5%）（3）How does the writer propose to solve the problem?（5%）. Translate the following into Chinese（25%）. Translate the following passage into English（40%）北京外國語大學2001年研究生入學考試基礎英語試卷參考答案A nation dividedWhat to do about the ever w

18、idening gulf between rich and poor? Mortimer B. ZuckermanWe are becoming two nations. The prosperous are rapidly getting more prosperous and the poor are slowly getting poorer. George W. Bush did well to rebuke his party when House Republicans maneuvered to balance the budget by proposing to delay t

19、he earned income tax credit for the working poorpaying it in monthly installments rather than an annual lump sum. “I dont think they ought to balance the budget on the backs of the poor,” Bush said. Instead, it is time for aspiring leaders to ponder how the two nations might more closely become one.

20、The American economy is growing dramatically. But this prosperity is being distributed very unevenly. The America that is doing well is doing very well indeed. But most benefits have gone to those who work in industries where the main product is information. The losers have been the producers of tan

21、gible goods and personal serviceseven teachers and health care providers. The high-tech information economy has been growing at approximately 10 times the rate of the older industrial economy. It has enjoyed substantial job growth, the highest productivity gains（about 30 percent a year）, and bigger

22、profits. It can therefore afford bigger wage gains（about four times that of the older economy）. And this wage gap is likely to widen for years to come.The rich get richer. The concentration of wealth is even more dramatic. New York University economist Edward Wolff points out that the top 20 percent

23、 of Americans account for more than 100 percent of the total growth in wealth from 1983 to 1997 while the bottom 80 percent lost 7 percent. Another study found that the top 1percent saw their after-tax income jump 115 percent in the past 22 years. The top fifth have seen an after-tax increase of 43

24、percent during the same period while the bottom fifth of all Americansincluding many working mothershave seen their after-tax incomes fall 9 percent. The result is that 4 out of 5 householdssome 217 million peoplewill take home a thinner slice of the economic pie than they did 22 years ago.There are

25、 those who point out that these income figures do not fully reflect the improvement in the standard of living and say that attention should be paid to what Americans own, what they buy, and how they live, A fair point. Two economists, W. Michael Cox and Richard Alm, have revealed that each person in

26、 the average household today has 814 square feet of living space compared with 478 square feet in 1970;that 62 percent of all households own two or more vehicles compared with 29 percent back then; that the number of gas ranges has increased sixfold, air travel four times, and the median household w

27、ealthi.e., the family right in the middlehas jumped dramatically. Even given such improvements in life quality, our public policy must not exacerbate the disproportionate concentrations of wealth.Fortunately, Americans are pragmatists. They know that what you earn depends on what you learn, especial

28、ly in a digital economy; so 83 percent of our children now complete four years of high school, compared with 55 percent in 1970.This is good news. But vast numbers of people feel marginalized in an information-based economy. For too many, work no longer propvides the kinds of wages and promotions th

29、at allow them to achieve economic success or security. Wage increases do not substantially increase their real income, so they have to work longer hours, get a higher-paying shift, or find another job. These are the people who are particularly concerned about the benefits they stand to gain from Med

30、icare and Social Security. If they do manage to put together a successful strategy to survive, they should not be hit with sudden shockslike the denial of the lump-sum tax credit.Bush may have discomfited his Republican colleagues, but his words served to remind that they are out of touch with the r

31、ealities of life for so many Americans. He later softened his criticism, but it is time, nevertheless, for a more generous leadership from the House Republicans. They should not berate Bush. Indeed, they may well find themselves in his dept should his appeal to the center of American politics provid

32、e them the coattails they will need when voters head to the polls in just over a year.1. Explain the underlined part in English, bringing out the implied meaning, it there is any:（22%）（1）I dont think of the poor （3%）（2）The result is 22 years ago （3%）（3）A fair point. （2%）（4）our public policy wealth （

33、3%）（5）vast numbers economy （3%）（6）These are Social Security （3%）（7）they may well find over a year. （3%）2. Answer he following questions briefly and to the point（13%）（1）What does it mean by the title “A Nation Divided ”? （3%）（2）What is the main reason for the widening gap of income, according to the

34、writer?（5%） (3) How does the writer propose to solve the problem?（5%）參考答案：1. (1)I dont think they can make the amount of money that they spend equal to the amount of money available by making use of the poor, i.e. by delaying the earned income tax credit.(2) The outcome is that 4 in 5 families, whic

35、h are about 217 million people, will earn less money now than 22 years ago. (3) Thats a good point. (4) The policy made by the government must not make the already unpleasant situation of sharp division between the rich and the poor worse. (5) A lot of people feel they are cast aside so unfairly tha

36、t they become unimportant and powerless in the economy that information is of foremost vale. (6) It is these people who pay special attention to the advantages they are to enjoy from such welfare as Medicare and Social Security. They are in genuine need of the welfare.(7) Bushs consideration for the

37、 poor may equip them with the support of the voters from the middle and low class and thus help them with the success of the Republicans in the House election in about over a year. If that is the case, they owe their success to Bushs policy.2. (1) That means U.S.A. is divided into two parts as peopl

38、e in the U.S. are divided into two groups, the rich and the poor. (2) According to the author, the main reason for the widening gap is the development of high-tech information economy. The information industry enjoys rapid growth rate, high productivity and big profit; thus, workers in information i

39、ndustry can earn more wages. As information industry is still growing rapidly, this gap will continue to widen. (3) Firstly, “what you earn depends on what you learn.” That means to acquire more knowledge and improve your qualification so as to be well prepared for the digital economy. Secondly, the

40、 government should shoulder its responsibility to help the poor in the form of welfare such as Medicare and Social Security. And it should not do anything to hinder the middle and low classs efforts to improve their life quality. . Translate the following into Chinese（25%）1. I cant thank you enough.

41、（2%）2. He suggested to me that more was to be gained than lost by full disclosure. I could not have agreed more.（2%）3. They could hardly have been more wrong. （2%）4. The conspirators had ganged together, their confidence growing with their number.（2%）5. Greed of money is not one of his faults.（2%）6.

42、 The convention bought time, it could not bring settlement.（2%）7. The treaty was approved by the Senate, with only one vote to spare.（2%） 8. We agree to disagree without being disagreeable.（2%） 9. His past is no more immune to scrutiny than anyone elses.（2%）10. He knew that I knew that he guessed th

43、at I had guessed “Mister Williams” was Bill Stephenson. （2%）11. The novels of Terror, set in some vague but picturesque foreign country and in some vague but picturesque historic period, told of haunted castles and sinister monks and mysterious crimes and high-born villains intent on the ruin of hig

44、h-born beautiful maidens.（5%）參考答案：1. 真是感激不盡。2. 他建議我將此事完全公開，這樣做更有好處。我很同意他的說法。3. 他們錯得不能再錯了。4. 同謀者們聚集在了一起，隨著人數的增加他們的信心也在不斷膨脹。5. 他并不貪財。6. 這次會議只會耽誤時間而不會有任何結果。7. 參議院以只有一張反對票的結果通過了這一條約。8. 我們都贊同即使意見不一致也不會讓彼此之間產生不愉快。9. 像其他人一樣他的過去也遭到了詳細審查。10. 對于我知道他已猜到我認為威廉姆先生就是比爾·斯蒂芬森這一點，他是充分了解的。11恐怖小說以某一不確定但獨具風格的外域領土及歷

45、史階段為背景，所講述的是關于鬼魂出沒的城堡，險惡的僧人，神秘的罪惡，以及出身上流社會的惡棍想方設法使高貴且美麗動人的少女墮落的故事。. Translate the following passage into English（4%）秋風里的巴黎一下飛機，已經感覺到了巴黎的秋末了，刮起了略寒的風，空氣中水分很足，潤潤的。冷風突然叫我興奮起來：我終于來到心向往之的世界最美的城市巴黎。我輕輕地喚醒自己：“巴黎就在眼前”。說到法國人，人們馬上就會聯想到他們的浪漫、幻想，聯想到拿破侖，聯想到伏爾泰，當然，也會想到巴黎圣母院中的美麗少女和善良的打鐘人第二天，隨“歐洲非常之旅”車隊到凱旋門拍外景，一路上看到

46、了熟悉的艾菲爾鐵塔、盧浮宮、圣母院大教堂、還有很多叫不出名的古典建筑、博物館和紀念館。巴黎的著名景觀很集中，有點像北京的天安門廣場，站在一個地方向四周一看，全都是名勝古跡。拍攝車隊開車繞巴黎最著名的協和廣場一圈，四周到處是著名景點。協和廣場與凱旋門遙遙相對，兩者以繁盛的香榭麗舍大道連接，廣場一帶的建筑物很古雅，襯托著這里的噴泉和銅像，充滿歐洲的藝術色彩。矗立于廣場中心的紀念碑。此座古跡有三千三百多年歷史。從這里前往香榭麗舍大道，熙來攘往的車輛及遠處的凱旋門朝左前方眺望，還可以看到巴黎鐵塔。我們來到與鐵塔同為法國巴黎象征的凱旋門。這是當年拿破侖為紀念法軍戰勝奧俄聯軍而建造的。凱旋門高45米，門頂

47、是一個眺望臺，可以看到香榭麗舍大道和12條以凱旋門為中心，向四面八方伸展的放射形大道的全景。門內則有一把永恒之火，是紀念1914年至1918年第一次世界大戰為國捐軀的軍人而點燃。Voltaire 伏爾泰The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 巴黎圣母院Eiffel Tower 艾菲爾鐵塔the Louvre 盧浮宮Notre-Dame de Paris 圣母院大教堂Place de la Concorde 協和廣場Arch of Triumph 凱旋門Champs-Elysees Avenue 香榭麗舍大道參考答案：Paris in the Wind of AutumnOn g

48、etting off the plane, with the fairly cold wind and watery air, I had felt the late autumn in Paris. The cold wind made me excited: I had come to the most beautiful city in the world that I had been dreaming aboutParis. Gently I called to myself, “ Paris is before your eyes.”Talking about Frenchmen,

49、 people will think instantly of their roman and imaginative nature, Napoleon and Voltaire. Of course, people will also recall the beautiful maiden and kind-hearted bell-ringer in The Hunchback of Notre-DameThe next day, following the motorcade of “Special Trip to Europe”, I came to the Arch of Triumph for outdoor scene shooting. On the way I saw the familiar Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, Notre-Dame de Paris and many classic buildings, museums and memorials whose names I could not tel