1、翻譯題型簡介所占分值比例為15%考試時間30分鐘翻譯題型為段落漢譯英。翻譯內容涉及中國的歷史、文化、經濟、社會發展等。四級長度為140-160個漢字段落翻譯評分標準本題滿分為15分，成績分為六個檔次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。13-15分：譯文準確表達了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢，基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。10-12分：譯文基本上表達了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，無重大語言錯誤。7-9分：譯文勉強表達了原文的意思。用詞欠準確，語言錯誤相當多，其中有些是嚴重語言錯誤。段落翻譯評分標準4-6分：譯文僅表達了一小部分原文的意思。用詞不準確，有相當多的嚴

2、重語言錯誤。1-3分：譯文支離破碎。除個別詞語或句子，絕大部分文字沒有表達原文意思。0分：未作答，或只有幾個孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關。段落翻譯評分標準15分：有2處不明顯的小錯（冠詞、單復數、時態、介詞、用詞不貼切等）14分：有5處不明顯的小錯（冠詞、單復數、時態、介詞、用詞不貼切等）13分：有7處不明顯的小錯（冠詞、單復數、時態、介詞、用詞不貼切等）段落翻譯評分標準 10-12分：12分：有1個嚴重錯句11分：有3處明顯語言錯句10分：有4處明顯語言錯誤段落翻譯評分標準 7-9分：9分：5個句子正確或基本正確8分：4個句子正確或基本正確7分：3個句子正確或基本正確段落翻譯評分標準 4-

3、6分：6分：內容基本表達，有兩個句子正確5分：一個句子正確4分：沒有一個正確句子，但有三個句子有小錯段落翻譯評分標準 1-3分：3分：內容基本表達，但所有句子都有錯誤和嚴重錯誤。嚴重錯誤少2分：嚴重錯誤多1分：嚴重錯誤極多0分：未作答，或只有幾個孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關。根據關鍵詞“創作的翻譯”，不給分。樣題分析1.2010年，中國約有4.2億網民。（2014.12真題）2010，China about have 420 million netizens.（X）2.越來越多的中國年輕人正在對旅游產生興趣，這是近年來的新趨勢。3.最近調查顯示，很多年輕人想要通過旅行體驗不同的文化、豐富知識

4、、擴展視野。 There were about 420 million netizens in China in 2010. （）More and more Chinese young people are interested in tourism, which is a new trend recently.A recent survey shows that through traveling, many young people want to experience different culture, enrich knowledge and expand their horizon

5、.樣題分析很多人喜歡中餐，在中國，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術。精心準備的中餐既可口又好看。烹飪技術和配料在中國各地差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個共同點，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營養（nutrition）。由于食物對健康至關重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物，肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。【參考譯文】Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art. The carefully-prepared Chinese food i

6、s tasty and good-looking. The way of cooking and ingredients selection vary greatly across China. However, good cooking has one thing in common, that is, to always concern colors, smell, tastes and nutrition. As food is vital for mans health, good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance

7、between grains, meats and vegetables. Thus, Chinese food is delicious and healthy.樣題分析14分參考譯文樣題分析8分參考譯文樣題分析5分參考譯文樣題分析段落翻譯解題步驟1.通讀全段，理解原文，確定時態。自1961年該基金會成立以來，大熊貓就一直是它的徽標。（2014.12）【思路分析】本句主干句是“大熊貓就一直是它的徽標”，可依“主系表”結構譯出;一看到“自從”就應該想到since，since作為介詞，后面要跟名詞結構，所以“自從以來”可譯作介詞短語“since the founding of WWF in 19

8、61”或處理為從句“since 1961 when WWF was founded”，置于句首或句末均可。【參考譯文】Panda has been the logo of WWF since 1961 when WWF was founded.段落翻譯解題步驟:確定時態相傳，中國的一位帝王于五千年前發現了茶，并用來治病。(2013.12)【思路分析】句子主干部分為：“一位帝王發現了茶，并用來治病”。 具體翻譯時，因為原句強調的是“茶”，可考慮將其作主語，原句用被動語態譯出。【參考譯文】Legend has it that tea was found by a Chinese emperor m

9、ore than five thousand years ago, and was then used to cure diseases.“相傳”是一個習慣用語，除譯為“Legend has it that ”外，還可以譯為“According to legend”或“as legend goes”段落翻譯解題步驟2.處理原文句子，正確斷句，合句，找準主語，謂語，賓語。e.g.（2013.12）這些花園構成了一種意在表達人與自然之間應有的和諧關系的微縮景觀。段落翻譯解題步驟以蓬勃發展的電子商務為代表的互聯網經濟已成為經濟發展的重要引擎。段落翻譯解題步驟正確斷句，合句閱讀對于中小學生尤其重要，假

10、如他們沒有在這個關鍵時期培養閱讀的興趣，以后要養成閱讀的習慣就難了。（2014.6）【思路分析】由于句子較長，可考慮分譯法，拆成兩句。因為“假設”表明這是另一個話題，所以可從此處斷開。【參考譯文】Reading is especially important for middle and primary school students. If they dont nurture the interest of reading at that critical period, it will be harder to develop a habit to read books.(從意義完整、獨立

11、處拆分)段落翻譯解題步驟3. 修改。對譯文修正，加工，潤飾。第一步：對照原文一句一句修改，看原文內容是否準確表達；有無漏譯，錯譯，曲解的地方。 第二步：脫離原文，反復閱讀后進行修改。看上下午有無不連接，矛盾，重復的地方，有無邏輯不通的地方。翻譯的基本方法：直譯&意譯漢譯英基本技巧：增詞1.增加連詞漢譯英基本技巧：增詞漢譯英基本技巧：增詞2.增加主語漢譯英基本技巧：增詞從它形成到現在，一直為民族精神的構建，民族智慧的傳播，民族文化的發展發揮著不可估量的作用。漢譯英基本技巧：增詞3. 同時增加連詞和主語漢譯英基本技巧：增詞練習1.大作收到，十分高興。2.把這些故事看完以后，用你自己的話講一

12、遍。Im very glad to have received your writing.After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.漢譯英基本技巧：減詞英語的表達傾向簡潔，漢語比較喜歡重復。重復，作為一種漢語修辭方法，在某種場合下，重復的表達一個意思，是為了強調，加強語氣。 為了有更強的節奏感和押韻，漢語中也經常會出現排比句。考生在翻譯這些句子時，為了符合英文表達的邏輯，就要有所刪減或省略。 e.g.這是革命的春天，這是人民的春天，這是科學的春天!讓我們張開雙臂，熱烈擁抱這個春天吧! 譯文：Let us str

13、etch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science. 漢譯英基本技巧：減詞我們要忠于黨，忠于人民，忠于祖國。我們不后退，我們從來沒有后退過，我們將來也絕不會后退。郭沫若同志曾說，“中國人民歷來是勇于探索，勇于創造，勇于革命的。”We should be loyal to our party, to our people, to our motherland.We wont retreat, we never have and never wi

14、ll.Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.”漢譯英基本技巧：減詞漢譯英基本技巧：詞類轉換漢譯英基本技巧：詞類轉換1.麗江地處云南省西北部，境內多山。2. 通過閱讀，人們能更好地學會感恩，有責任心和與人合作，而教育的目的正是要培養這些基本的素質。Through reading, people can learn better how to be grateful, responsible and

15、 cooperative, and the goal of education is to cultivate these basic personalities.漢譯英基本技巧：詞類轉換3. 孩子們看電視過多會大大地損壞視力。（動詞轉名詞）Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.4.我們會考慮你的要求的。（動詞轉名詞）We will take your requirement into consideration.詞類轉換翻譯練習1.我打開窗子，讓新鮮空氣進來。2.那個穿紫

16、色衣服的女生是我的好朋友。3.大熊貓是一種溫順的動物，長著獨特的黑白皮毛。I open the window to let the fresh air in. The girl in purple is my close friend.The giant panda is a kind of tame/gentle animal with unique black-and-white fur. 漢譯英基本技巧：語態轉換漢譯英基本技巧：語態轉換漢譯英基本技巧：語態轉換漢譯英基本技巧：語態轉換漢譯英基本技巧：語態轉換【語態轉換練習】1.烏鎮所有房屋都用石木建造。2.典型的中國園林四周有圍墻。3.他

17、的言論和生平活動記錄在論語（The Analects）一書中。4.中國結最初是由手工藝人發明的。All the houses in Wuzhen are built of stone and wood.A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls.His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen.真題解析黃河是亞洲第三、世界第六長的河流。“黃”這個字描述的是其河水渾濁的

18、顏色。黃河發源于青海，流經九個省份，最后注入渤海。黃河是中國賴以生存的幾條河流之一。黃河流域(river basin)是中國古代文明的誕生地，也是中國早期歷史上最繁榮的地區。然而，由于極具破壞力的洪水頻發，黃河曾造成多次災害。在過去幾十年里，政府采取了各種措施防止災害發生。The Yellow River ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world. The word “yellow” describes the muddy water of the river. The Yellow River，one

19、 of several rivers for China to live on，originates from Qinghai，flows through nine provinces, and finally pours into the Bohai Sea. The river basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization，but also the most prosperous region in the early history of China. However,due to the frequen

20、t devastating floods, it has caused many disasters. In the past few decades,the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.真題解析黃河是亞洲第三、世界第六長的河流。The Yellow River ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world. “黃”這個字描述的是其河水渾濁的顏色。The word “yellow” describes the mudd

21、y water of the river. 黃河發源于青海，流經九個省份，最后注入渤海。黃河是中國賴以生存的幾條河流之一。（合譯）The Yellow River，one of several rivers for China to live on，originates from Qinghai，flows through nine provinces, and finally pours into the Bohai Sea. 真題解析黃河流域(river basin)是中國古代文明的誕生地，也是中國早期歷史上最繁榮的地區。The river basin is not only the bi

22、rthplace of ancient Chinese civilization，but also the most prosperous region in the early history of China.然而，由于極具破壞力的洪水頻發，黃河曾造成多次災害。However,due to the frequent devastating floods, it has caused many disasters. 在過去幾十年里，政府采取了各種措施防止災害發生。In the past few decades,the government has taken various measures

23、 to prevent disasters.真題解析珠江是華南一大河系，流經廣州市，是中國第三長的河流，僅次于長江和黃河。珠江三角洲（delta）是中國最發達的地區之一，面積約11,000平方公里。它在面積和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集區。珠江三角洲九個最大城市共有5,700多萬人口。上世紀70年代末中國改革開放以來，珠江三角洲已成為中國和世界主要經濟區域和制造中心之一。The Pearl River, an extensive river system in southern China, flows through Guangzhou City. It is Chinas third-

24、longest river, only after theYangtze River and theYellow River. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed regions in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers. It is the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.The nine largest cities of PRDhave a combine

25、d population of over 57 million.Since the reform and opening up (economic liberalization) was adopted by the Chinese governmen tin the late 1970s, the Delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world.真題解析珠江是華南一大河系，流經廣州市，是中國第三長的河流，僅次于長江和黃河。（

26、分譯）The Pearl River, an extensive river system in southern China, flows through Guangzhou City. It is Chinas third-longest river, only after theYangtze River and theYellow River. 珠江三角洲（delta）是中國最發達的地區之一，面積約11,000平方公里。The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed regions in China with an ar

27、ea of about 11,000 square kilometers.它在面積和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集區。（主語謂語表語）It is the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.真題解析珠江三角洲九個最大城市共有5,700多萬人口。The nine largest cities of PRD have a combined population of over 57 million.上世紀70年代末中國改革開放以來，珠江三角洲已成為中國和世界主要經濟區域和制造中心之一。Since the refo

28、rm and opening up (economic liberalization) was adopted by the Chinese government in the late 1970s, the Delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world.漢譯英基本技巧：分譯&合譯（按內容層次分譯）漢譯英基本技巧：分譯&合譯（按內容層次分譯）漢譯英基本技巧：分譯&合譯（按內容層次分譯）漢譯英基本技巧：分譯&合譯（按內容層次分譯）合譯練習題1.秋天莊稼成熟時，田野變得一片金黃。人們興高采烈，慶祝豐收。（2016.12）2.許多西