1、module 1british and american english section grammar復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)()語(yǔ)法圖解課文原句感知a londoner has more difficulty understanding a scotsman from glasgow than understanding a new yorker.some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together.this international dimension suggests that in the future,

2、there are going to be many “englishes”， not just two main varieties.users of english will be able to understand each otherwherever they are.many factors have influenced american pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago.語(yǔ)法領(lǐng)悟(1)句使用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人

3、稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。(2)句使用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成為：am/is/aredoing。(3)句和句使用了一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，句表示有征兆或跡象會(huì)發(fā)生某事，句4表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。(4)句使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成為：have/hasdone。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。i often read books in my spare time.業(yè)余時(shí)間我經(jīng)常看書(shū)。w

4、e go to school at 6 am every day.我們每天早上六點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。2表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力等。mary is good at music.瑪麗擅長(zhǎng)音樂(lè)。he knows a lot of english.他懂得很多英語(yǔ)。3表示客觀(guān)事實(shí)或普遍真理。knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力量。pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)　?在時(shí)間、讓步和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。we shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.等他來(lái)了，我們?cè)匍_(kāi)始討論。you'll ma

5、ke great progress if you work hard!如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)取得很大進(jìn)步。5表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的事，通常限于表示“位置轉(zhuǎn)移”的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(詞組)，如go, come, leave, start, begin, open, close, arrive, take off等，其后常跟有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。the train leaves at 7：25 this evening.火車(chē)今晚7：25開(kāi)。our summer vacation begins in early july.我們的暑假七月初開(kāi)始。6用于小說(shuō)、故事、文學(xué)作品等的情節(jié)介紹、評(píng)論等。ha

6、rry potter is set in the modern world.哈利·波特以現(xiàn)代世界為背景。即學(xué)即練1(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空the shop opens (open) at nine every day. i'll follow him wherever he goes (go). tom calls (call) his parents once a week.helen says she will leave the company if she is_punished (punish) for her carelessness.(2)完成句子在你忘記之

7、前，你最好把她的電話(huà)號(hào)碼記下來(lái)。you'd better write down her phone number before you forget it.飛機(jī)將于下午4點(diǎn)起飛。the plane takes off at 4 pm. 二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與now, at present, at this moment等連用。all the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now.同學(xué)們正在教室里復(fù)習(xí)功課。(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行

8、的動(dòng)作。常與these days, this week/month, recently等連用。these days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.這些天我們一直在農(nóng)場(chǎng)幫農(nóng)民們干活。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與always, continually, constantly, forever等表示頻度的副詞連用，表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常含有厭煩、憤怒、抱怨、贊揚(yáng)等情感。she is always thinking of others instead of herself.她總是想著別人而不是她自己。(贊揚(yáng))the boy is constantly

9、 asking such silly questions.那個(gè)男孩老是提這類(lèi)愚蠢的問(wèn)題。(不耐煩)名師點(diǎn)津現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的這一用法與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別在于，后者只是說(shuō)明事實(shí)，不含感情色彩。he is constantly doing good work at school.他在學(xué)?？偸浅煽?jī)優(yōu)秀。(表?yè)P(yáng))he does good work at school.他在學(xué)校成績(jī)優(yōu)秀。(事實(shí))3在口語(yǔ)中，表示主語(yǔ)按計(jì)劃將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與come(來(lái)), go(去), leave(離開(kāi)), depart (離開(kāi)), arrive(到達(dá)), start/begin (開(kāi)始), take off(起飛)等動(dòng)詞(詞

10、組)連用。mr smith is leaving for nanjing tonight.史密斯先生今晚去南京。即學(xué)即練2(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空hurry up! mark and carol are_expecting (expect) us.a new cinema is_being_built (build) here. they hope to finish it next month.(2)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)完成句子the mothers now are always sending their children (總是送她們的孩子)to all kinds of classes a

11、fter school.he is preparing for (正在準(zhǔn)備) the exam.三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示在現(xiàn)在看來(lái)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。1shall/will動(dòng)詞原形，表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，特別是表示客觀(guān)性的事情或在某條件下臨時(shí)決定去做的事情只能用此結(jié)構(gòu)。i think they will help you if you tell them.我認(rèn)為只要你告訴他們，他們會(huì)幫助你的。tom was injured badly in the accident yesterday.oh, i didn't know. i will see him after

12、 work.湯姆在昨天的事故中受傷很?chē)?yán)重。噢，我不知道。我下班后去看他。(臨時(shí)決定)2will動(dòng)詞原形，表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或未來(lái)的傾向。wherever he goes, he will take an umbrella with him.無(wú)論到哪兒，他總是帶著一把傘。3除“shall/will動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)外，以下形式也可構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)：(1)be going to動(dòng)詞原形，表示即將發(fā)生的事情或近期準(zhǔn)備，打算，有跡象表明要做某事。what are you going to do next sunday?下星期天你打算干什么？look, it's going to rain.瞧，要下

13、雨了。(2)be about to do sth.意為“正要做某事；馬上要做某事”。please get everything ready. the experiment is about to start.請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)備好一切。實(shí)驗(yàn)就要開(kāi)始了。名師點(diǎn)津 be about to do多與when連用，一般不與表示時(shí)間的副詞或其他時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(3)be to do表示按計(jì)劃、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、約定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。who is to clean the classroom today?今天該誰(shuí)打掃教室了？即學(xué)即練3用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空jack is waiting for you at the gate of

14、 your company.oh, thank you. i will_go (go) out and meet him.no one is to_leave (leave) this building without the permission of the police.look at the clouds. there is_going_to_be (be) a storm.how can i apply for an online course?just fill out this form and we will_see (see) what we can do for you.四

15、、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響或結(jié)果，常與already, yet, never, before, so far, up to now等連用。i have already made a plan for my study ahead of time.我已經(jīng)提前制訂了學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。名師點(diǎn)津時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響落腳點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在一般過(guò)去時(shí)著重說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身落腳點(diǎn)在過(guò)去she has lived in paris for twenty years.她在巴黎住了20年了。(可能剛搬走，還可能繼續(xù)住下去)she lived in p

16、aris for twenty years.她在巴黎住了20年。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那兒住了)2表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，這時(shí)往往與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：lately, recently, these days, in the past few days, during the last two weeks, since two days ago, for a long time等。we have learned english for eight years.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)八年了。3在“it/this is the first/second.last time從句”

17、與“it/this is the序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)名詞that從句”這兩個(gè)句型中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。it is the first time i have driven a car.這是我第一次開(kāi)車(chē)。this is the most interesting film he has made.這是他拍的最有趣的電影。名師點(diǎn)津若it is the first/second.that.句型中is改為was，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用had done形式。4在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。i'll go to the party as soon as i have fini

18、shed my homework.我一完成作業(yè)就會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)。即學(xué)即練4(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空by the time he realizes he has_walked (walk) into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.his first novel has_received (receive) good reviews since it came out last month.i'm glad you have_made (make) great progress so far.

19、keep it up and you must be successful.it is the first time that he has_been_invited (invite) to japan.it is the most instructive lecture that i have_attended (attend) since i came to this school.(2)完成句子在過(guò)去的20年里這個(gè)小城發(fā)生了巨大的變化。great changes have taken place in the small city in the last 20 years. 最近廣場(chǎng)周?chē)?/p>

20、新種了不少樹(shù)。recently, lots of trees have been planted around the square.鏈接高考單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2018·浙江)you probably have_used (use) caffeine since childhood.2(2018·北京)china's high­speed railways have_grown (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.3(2018·天津)my washing machine is_being_repaired (repair) this week，so i have to wash my clothes by hand.4(2017·北京)people have (have) better access to health care than they used to，and they're living longer as a result.5(2017