1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上 2012年1月19日 星期四 歡迎您！ 主題：虛擬語氣 知識講解 虛擬語氣的講解和例句 內容：虛擬語氣的講解和例句！謝謝老師 提交人：物與我皆無 時間：11/25/2010 23:48:57 主題：虛擬語氣 內容： 虛擬語氣的講解和例句！謝謝老師 答：概念：虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。一、 動詞wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1 用wish表示現在的祝愿和報歉。其句子結構為：賓語從句的謂語be和were(was)，實義動詞用過去式。例：I wish they were at home thi

2、s time.2 用wish表示對過去事情的遺憾。其句子結構為：賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時或could+現在完成時。例：I wish I hadn't hurt him so much。3 用wish表示對將來事情的愿望。其句子結構為賓語從句的謂語為would/could/might+動詞原形。例：I wish I might be able to come tomorrow 。二、 用在一般虛擬條件句中的虛擬語氣（一） 表示與現在、過去、將來事實相反的假設1 與現在事實相反的假設。其句子結構為：從句：if+主語+動詞的過去式（be變were）+其他主句：主語+would(should

3、, could, might)+動詞原形+其他例：If I were you, I would go with him.2 與過去事實相反的假設。其句子結構為：從句：If+主語+過去完成時+其他主句：主語+should(would, could, might)+現在完成時+其他。例：If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.3表示對將來事實實現的可能性不大的假設。其句子結構為：從句：If+主語+should (were to )+動詞原形+其他主句：主語+would (could, should, might

4、)+動詞原形例：If he were to go tomorrow, he might tell you.(二) 從句和主句要根據各自發所生的時間選用符合具體時間的虛擬語氣形式1 從句表示過去，主句表示現在。If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.2 從句表示將來，主句表示過去。If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with

5、you last night。3 從句表示過去，主句表示將來。If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week。4從句表示將來，主句表示現在。If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon. I would go shopping now.三、 可以引起與事實相反的方式狀語從句，用虛擬語氣由as if、as though引起的與事實相反的句子，不論主句的謂語是現在時或者說過去時，其謂語表示的時間概念和句

6、子結構，都基本上與wish后的賓語從句相同。例：John pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用過去式表示與現在事實相反的假設)The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實）They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (

7、would+動詞原形，表示與將來事實相反)四、在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動詞的后面，其賓語從句的謂語用“should+動詞原形”表示虛擬語氣常用的此類動詞有：表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“提議、勸告、建議”的：move, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示“決定、命令”的：decide, order表示“主張”的：maintain, urge表示“同意、堅持”的：consent, insist例：The doctor suggested that he (should) try t

8、o lose his weight.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.上述動詞的名詞形式，demand, desire, requirement, advice, order, decision, recommendation, suggestion, 以及necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea等名詞，其后的表語從句或同位語從句，也用“should+動詞原形“表示虛擬語氣。現代英語，特別是美國英語，常省去“should”，例：The advice is that we (should) l

9、eave at once.He idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was warmly welcomed.五、在“It is (was)+形容詞（或過去分詞）+that”結構中，主語從句的謂語也用“should+原形動詞“表虛擬語氣美國英語中省去should, 常用的形容詞和過去分詞有：表示“要求”的：required, demanded, requested, desired, desirable。表示“建議”的：suggested, recommended,表示“迫切、緊近、重要”的：imperative, urgent, necessary, e

10、ssential, important, vital表示“適當、較好”的：appropriate, advisable, better, preferable表示“可能”的：probable, possible表示“命令”的：ordered例：It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.It is required that nobody (should)smoke here.六、由下列名詞或短語引導，或含有某些詞的從句中應用的虛擬語氣1“lest 以免、惟恐”引導的從句用“should+動詞原形”

11、。He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.2“whether不管、無論”引導的讓步狀語從句，有時用動詞原形。All things, whether you know or don'' t know, exist in the world.3用“would rather/had rather” would just as soon"表示“寧愿、但愿”，后面的賓語從句謂語用過去式或動詞原形表示對將來的要求，用過去時表示對現在的愿望，用過去完成時表示對過去做的事的懊悔。Don''

12、 t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.I would rather you go tomorrow.I would rather everything hadn't happened in the past.4用“had hoped”表示原來希望做到而實際上未能實現的事情，其賓語從句的謂語用“would+動詞原形”。I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to sta

13、y in China.5在“It is（high/about）time+that”引導的定語從句中，定語從句的主謂語用一般過去時，偶爾也可以用would(或should)+動詞原形，或had rather (would rather)+動詞原形。It is high (about) time that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ were leaving.(注意與“This is the first/secondtime”后從句中用現在完成時的區別。6用“without/but for/in the abse

14、nce of ”表示“要不是”，“如果沒有”（相當于if it were not for）表示條件時，句中一般用虛擬語氣。（也可用陳述語氣）Without your help, I couldn't finish my work on time.In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.7由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引導的條件從句或目的從句，根據情況，可用虛擬語氣。（有時也可用陳述語氣）They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.8在if引導的虛擬條件句中，若有were, had, should, 在書面語中可省去if ,將were等提到主語前，形成倒裝。Should there be a good