1、Language points1.abstract adj.抽象的抽象的; 深奧的深奧的 n.摘要摘要 an abstract concept 抽象概念抽象概念 abstract philosophical problems 深奧的哲學問題深奧的哲學問題 Her ideas seem a little abstract. 她的思想有點兒讓人費解。她的思想有點兒讓人費解。 Astronomy is an abstract subject. 天文學是一門深奧的學科。天文學是一門深奧的學科。 To make an abstract of a speech 將演說作將演說作 一摘要一摘要 in the

2、 abstract 就一般而言，就一般而言， 理論上來講理論上來講abstract sth from sth 從某物中從某物中提煉提煉出某物出某物我們將從理論上來考慮這個問題。我們將從理論上來考慮這個問題。We will consider this problem _ _ _.將一本書做成一個摘要。將一本書做成一個摘要。Make _ _ of a book.橡膠是從樹木提取的。橡膠是從樹木提取的。 rubber is _ from trees.in the abstractan abstractabstracted2. faith n.信任，信賴，信心；信仰，信條信任，信賴，信心；信仰，信條1

3、)信念信念; 信任信任, 完全信賴完全信賴(+in) +that He always puts his faith in the future. 他對未來總是抱有信心。他對未來總是抱有信心。2)信仰信仰; 宗教信仰宗教信仰; 信條信條(+in) People of every faith attended the mayors funeral. 信仰不同宗教的人士出席了市長的葬禮。信仰不同宗教的人士出席了市長的葬禮。3. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the s

4、ixth century AD.The bank refused to help the company; consequently, it went bankrupt.She overslept and, consequently, she was late. It rained that day and _ the baseball game was called off. A. however B. still C. so D. consequentlyAs a result of her mothers illness, she left school.Her mother becam

5、e ill; _ she left school.consequently4. During the Renaissance, new ideas and values replaced those held in the Middle Ages.文藝復興時期，新的觀點和價值觀取代文藝復興時期，新的觀點和價值觀取代了中世紀人們堅持的觀點和價值觀。了中世紀人們堅持的觀點和價值觀。如果他不來的話如果他不來的話, 誰會替代他呢誰會替代他呢?Who will take the place of him if he doesnt come?Who will take his place if he do

6、esnt come ?5. During the Middle Ages, the main aim of the painters was to represent religious themes.中世紀，畫家們的主要目的是表達宗教主題。中世紀，畫家們的主要目的是表達宗教主題。take aim at 瞄準瞄準 = aim atsth. be aimed at 旨在旨在; 目的在于目的在于; 針對針對with the aim of 有有的目的的目的without aim 無目的的無目的的, 胡亂地胡亂地這些措施旨在削減政府的開支。這些措施旨在削減政府的開支。These measures ar

7、e _ _ government costs.他沒有瞄準就開槍。他沒有瞄準就開槍。He fired _ _.他的人生沒有目標。他的人生沒有目標。He has_ _ in life.aimed atwithout aimno aim6. typical adj 典型的；有代表性的典型的；有代表性的 Eg: a typical British summer 典型的英國夏天典型的英國夏天typical + of 1)典型的典型的,有代表性的有代表性的This painting is typical of his early work.這幅畫是他早期的代表作。這幅畫是他早期的代表作。2) 特有的特有的

8、,獨特的獨特的;表現(xiàn)特征的表現(xiàn)特征的It was typical of him to be so merciless.只有他才會這么冷酷無情。只有他才會這么冷酷無情。1.In a _ display, colored streamers seem to race across the sky. 典型典型的一種現(xiàn)象是：彩色的光流劃過天際的一種現(xiàn)象是：彩色的光流劃過天際。2.This chair is _ of Anthonys way of designing furniture. 這把椅子是安東尼式家具設計的這把椅子是安東尼式家具設計的代表代表。typical typical 7. They

9、paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions.他們雇請著名藝術家來畫他們，他們雇請著名藝術家來畫他們，及他們的住宅和其他的財產。及他們的住宅和其他的財產。possession 擁有擁有, 占有占有, 所有所有, 領土領土, 領地領地, 財產財產(常用復數(shù)常用復數(shù)) 富人富人個人財產個人財產他放棄了這房子的所有權。他放棄了這房子的所有權。a man of great possessionspersonal possessionsHe gave up _ of the house.

10、Sbin possession of 某人擁有某物某人擁有某物Sth.in the possession of sb 為某人擁有為某人擁有Sth.in ones possession possess v.他有兩輛汽車。他有兩輛汽車。 He possesses two cars. He is in possession of two cars. Two cars are in his possession.你是怎樣得到它的你是怎樣得到它的?How did you get ( take ) possession of it?8. When people first saw his painting

11、s, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. 人們初次看到他的作品，認為是通過人們初次看到他的作品，認為是通過在墻上的一個小孔看到了真實的場景。在墻上的一個小孔看到了真實的場景。convince vt. 使確信使確信 說服說服convince sb. of sth convince sb. to do sth.be convinced of sth我們說服她搭火車去。我們說服她搭火車去。We_ her_ by train.她試圖使我們相信她的清白。她試圖使我們相信她

12、的清白。She tried to _ her innocence. 我堅信她是清白無辜的我堅信她是清白無辜的.convincedto goconvinced us ofHe convinced me that I should study law.It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.Everyone was convinced by his words.9. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to

13、 paint such realistic pictures. 如果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)如果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)透視法，就沒有人能畫出如此逼真的畫。透視法，就沒有人能畫出如此逼真的畫。 本句的謂語動詞使用虛擬語氣。如果條件本句的謂語動詞使用虛擬語氣。如果條件從句中假設的情況不能實現(xiàn)，則是非真是從句中假設的情況不能實現(xiàn)，則是非真是條件句，要用虛擬語氣。條件句，要用虛擬語氣。If she were my daughter, I wouldnt let her stay out the whole night. 如果她是我的女如果她是我的女兒，我就不會讓她整夜不歸。兒，我就不會讓她整夜不歸。If I had had eno

14、ugh money, I would have bought a DV before travelling. 如果那時我如果那時我有足夠的錢，我會在旅行之前買一部數(shù)碼有足夠的錢，我會在旅行之前買一部數(shù)碼攝像機的。攝像機的。10. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. 巧合的是，這一時期油畫巧合的是，這一時期油畫顏料也得到了發(fā)展，使得畫的顏色看顏料也得到了發(fā)展，使得畫的顏色看上去更豐富

15、，更深沉。上去更豐富，更深沉。這是這是which 引導的，是定語從句，指的是引導的，是定語從句，指的是前面的句子前面的句子 oil paints were also developed at this time。類似的用法有：類似的用法有：His wife died, which made his life change greatly. 他妻子去世了，這使得他的生活他妻子去世了，這使得他的生活發(fā)生了巨大的變化。發(fā)生了巨大的變化。11. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the m

16、any great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 沒有新的沒有新的顏料和新的（繪畫）手法，我們就不顏料和新的（繪畫）手法，我們就不能看到很多使這一時期著名的杰作。能看到很多使這一時期著名的杰作。這里有這里有without引動的介詞短語是一個引動的介詞短語是一個暗含的非真實條件，逐句用虛擬語氣暗含的非真實條件，逐句用虛擬語氣we would not be able to see。類似的用。類似的用法有：法有：Without your help, he would not pass the test. 沒有你的幫助，他就不能通沒有你的幫

17、助，他就不能通過這次測試。過這次測試。12. In the late 19th, Europe changed a great deal = a good deal 大量的大量的; a great deal of = a good deal of 大量的大量的; He ate _for supper yesterday. He ran _ faster than me. She is _ better today.She has _ experience. I have _work to do.I was _surprised.13. Nowadays, there are modern ar

18、t styles. scores of 很多很多, 幾十幾十score 二十二十; (比賽比賽)的得分的得分足球比賽的比分是四比一。足球比賽的比分是四比一。The score in the football game was 4 - 1.七十歲七十歲, 古稀之年古稀之年六十人六十人許多年前許多年前我需要一打鉛筆我需要一打鉛筆. (二十只鉛筆二十只鉛筆)他買了三打啤酒他買了三打啤酒.我們去廣州十幾次了我們去廣州十幾次了.14. The painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but inste

19、ad concentrates on certain qualities of the objects. The second question was so difficult that I didnt even attempt it. I attempted to speak but was told to keep quiet.She made an attempt to lock the door. 15. on the other hand (可是）可是） 另一方面另一方面 on the one hand 一方面一方面Eg:1) On the one hand, she taught English; on the other hand she learned Chinese. 她一方面教英語，一方面學習漢語。她一方面教英語，一方面學習漢語。2) On the one hand I admire his gifts, but on the other hand I distrust his judgment. 一方面我承認他有天分，而另一方面我卻一方面我承認他有天分，而另一方面我卻懷疑他的判斷力。懷疑他的判斷力。1) _