1、過去完成時注意：過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，動作發(fā)生的時間是"過去的過去".它是一個相對的時態(tài)，只有在和過去某個時間或動作相比擬時才會用到。    E.g. By the end of the match，they had kicked two goals.    We had already had lunch before we arrived there.   其結(jié)構(gòu)是"had+過去分詞".它的否認(rèn)句是在had后邊加not，變一般疑問句

2、是把had提前。    E.g. I had reached the station before 9：00 o'clock.    I had not reached the station before 9：00 o'clock.    Had you reached the station before 9：00 o'clock？    它通常和before，by the end of 等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間狀語連用。1. 由時間狀語來判定一般說

3、來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有： 1 by + 過去的時間點。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 2 by the end of + 過去的時間點。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 3 before + 過去的時間點。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“過去的

4、過去來判定。過去完成時表示“過去的過去，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： 1 賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如：She said that she had seen the film before. 2 狀語從句中 在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：After he ha

5、d finished his homework, he went to bed.注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動作的先后關(guān)系，假設(shè)主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，那么主、從句都用一般過去時。如：After he closed the door, he left the classroom.3表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本，未能"We had hoped that you would come,

6、but you didn't.3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. 單項選擇1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been                  B. w

7、here I had goneC. where had I been                  D. where had I gone2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do           B. has,  done  &

8、#160;   C did, did.            D. had,  done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned          B. was learning      C. had learned  &#

9、160;     D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had,  a few      B. has,  several    C. had,  a lot of   D. has,  a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A ha

10、d cooked       B. cooked         C. have cooked        D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen          B. saw  

11、0;         C. will see            D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from              

12、           B. had hidden, fromC. has hidden, with                         D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years

13、old, he _.A.    has completed university                   B. has completed the universityB.    had completed an university         

14、60;      D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for                B. in             

15、;  C. by              D. at10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano                       B. h

16、ad learned, the pianoC. has learned, the piano                   D. learns ,piano.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (stud

17、y) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _  (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make)  a phone call.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣表示一種假設(shè)的情況，或一種主觀的愿望，即動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)并非事實，或不可能實現(xiàn)。英語虛擬語氣的形式有以下

18、幾種： 一、與現(xiàn)在事實相反 連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If1.動詞過去式(或were)2.助動詞過去式+動詞原形Should Would +動詞原形couldmightIf had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 二.與將來事實相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If1.     should+動詞原形2.   

19、0; 動詞過去式3、were to+動詞原形ShouldWould +動詞原形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 三、與過去事實相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句Ifhad+過去分詞Should Would + have+過去分詞couldmightIf Id known that it was going

20、to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虛擬語氣的幾種特殊用法省掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有時虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you ha

21、dnt helped me,)3.     有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果從句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home. 五、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等動詞之后賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, r

22、equest, order, +that(should )+動詞原形decide, ask, move, propose等注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述動詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時，that 引導(dǎo)的從句仍用虛擬語氣。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引導(dǎo)的從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是事實，也可用陳述語氣。He insists that he is right. 2、It is (was )+nece

23、ssary, a pity 等+that引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下： imperative, advisable, 動詞完成式It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, +that(should) +essential, strange,等 動詞原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework. 3、wish的用法動詞過去式或were與現(xiàn)在事實相反主

24、語+wish(that)+主語 + 動詞過去完成式與過去事實相反助動詞過去試+動詞原形與將來事實相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比擬

25、：1 We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)2 We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.) 4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，如： He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him. 5、Its (high) time that+動詞過去式或should+動詞原形，如：Its

26、time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action.虛擬語氣用在主語從句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句，謂語動詞用should 加動詞原形，should 可省略。It is 可用的詞有三類 that shoulddosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等 important, necessary, natural, imperati

27、ve, strange等 a pity, a shame, no wonder等 虛擬語氣用在同位語從句中。 某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞后同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達(dá)形式為(should) 動詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice，suggestion，proposal提議，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation推薦，plan，resolution決議， idea等。 eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put

28、off 虛擬語氣用在表語從句中。某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時，表語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達(dá)形式為(should) 動詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes. 虛擬語氣用在定語從句中It isabout hightime that sb.did sth/sh

29、ould do sth. eg. Don't you think it's about time we went home？ 注：在this is the first time second time that句型中，從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態(tài)。 eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？ 虛擬語氣用在讓步、方式、目的狀語從句中 1在帶有even if/ even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。如: Even if he

30、 had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他倆去辦公室。2由as if或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比擬或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或 “had十過去分詞。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那樣對待我，好似我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她談?wù)撃遣坑捌秃盟扑_實看過一樣。3虛擬語氣用在lest唯恐、免得，for fear that及in cas

31、e引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中。 在由lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示“以防，以免等意思，其謂語動詞多由should 動詞原形構(gòu)成，should也可省略。 eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again 虛擬語氣用情感語言中 1虛擬語氣在表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場合中，使用虛擬語氣。 eg.You shouldn't have been following him so closely；you should have kept your distance 2If only sb./sth. +時態(tài)后退

32、型的謂語 eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.虛擬語氣專項練習(xí)1-Will you come to the party? -_ you also invite Blade.A. Why not B. Only if C. If not D. When2If I _ you, I _ go there.A. is; will B. is; would C. were; would D. was; will3If it rain tomorrow， Well go on a trip.A. isnt B. doesnt C.

33、wont4I dont know if he _tomorrow.A. Will come B. comes C. came D. has come5The headmaster with his students Hangzhou Paradise Park if it tomorrow.A. is going to; isnt rainy B. are going to; isnt rainyC. is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesnt rain6If I _ a million dollars, I would give it to

34、medical research.A. will have B. haveC. had D. am having7If I _ you, I would say another student could do it better.A. was B. were C. were D. are8What would you do if you the lottery?I give half of the money to charities.A. win, willB. win, wouldC. won, willD. won, would9I am too busy now. If I_ fre

35、e, I _to the cinema with you.A. am; will go B. am; would go C. were; would go D. was; was going10What_ you do if you had a million dollars ? A. would B. will C. did D. do11 Im going to Larrys party. But I dont know what to wear.If I _ you, I _ wear a dress.A. am; will B. were; willC. were; would D.

36、am; would12If I _ you, I _ be afraid .Awas, wouldnt Bwere, wont Cwere, wouldnt 13 If I _Alice, I _them the truth.A. was , would tell B. were ,would tell C. am, will tell D. is , will tell14- If I_ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research. -If I _ you, I would give it to charity.A. wi

37、ll have, am B. would have, was C. had, were D. have, is15If I _ you, I would _ my homework myself.A. was; did B. am; do C. were; do D. is; did Translation翻譯1. 我不知道他的 號碼，否那么我就打 給他了。2. 他本可以給你更多的幫助，即使他很忙。3.-如果可能的話你會不會打 給他？ -會的，不過我當(dāng)時在忙著做家庭作業(yè)呢。91. 單項選擇1He asked me _A_ during the summer holidays.A. where

38、I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _D_ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _C_ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _A_lived here for _ years.A. h

39、ad, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _A_ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _D_ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _B

40、_ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _D_.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a

41、number of books _C_ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _B_ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 2.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We _had painted_ (paint) the house before we moved_ (move) in.2. That rich old m

42、an _had made_ (make) a will before he died(die).3. They _had studyed_ (study) the map of the country before they _left_ (leave).4. The robbers _had run away_ (run away ) before the policemen arrived (arrive).5. I _turned off_ (turn off) all the lights before I _went_ (go) to bed.6. Paul went (go) out with Jane after he _made _ (make) a phone call.參考答案1B【解析】略2C【解析】此題考查虛擬語氣，if引導(dǎo)的與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣。從句用一般過去式，主句用過去將來時。句意：如果我是你的話，我會去那兒的。3B【解析】這題考查時態(tài)的用法，if條件句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，而且這里要填助動詞的否認(rèn)式，選B。4A【解析】考查時態(tài)。tomorrow 為將來的時間故用一般將來時態(tài)，所以選A。5A【解析】考查主謂一致和if從句。with連接幾個主語時，與第一個保持一致。排除B、D；if條件句