1、歸納總結歸納總結1.1.情態動詞的類型及特征情態動詞的類型及特征 （1 1）只作情態動詞的有：）只作情態動詞的有：must,can (could),must,can (could), may (might),ought to may (might),ought to。 （2 2）可作情態動詞也可作實義動詞的有：）可作情態動詞也可作實義動詞的有： need,dare;need,dare; （3 3）可作情態動詞也可作助動詞的有：）可作情態動詞也可作助動詞的有：shall shall (should),will (would) (should),will (would)。 （4 4）具有情態動詞的

2、某些特征的有：）具有情態動詞的某些特征的有：have/had have/had to to，used toused to。 （5 5）情態動詞有一定的詞義，但不能單獨作謂）情態動詞有一定的詞義，但不能單獨作謂 語，適用于主語的各種人稱和數（語，適用于主語的各種人稱和數（have tohave to除除 外）。外）。2.shall2.shall的用法的用法 shallshall用于二、三人稱的陳述句，表示命令、允用于二、三人稱的陳述句，表示命令、允 許、警告、威脅、決心等；用于一、三人稱的許、警告、威脅、決心等；用于一、三人稱的 疑問句，表示征求對方的意見和指示。疑問句，表示征求對方的意見和指示

3、。3.3.表能力表能力 cancan用來表示現在的或一般的能力（也可用用來表示現在的或一般的能力（也可用be be able to able to，但不如，但不如cancan普遍）；表示將來的能力普遍）；表示將來的能力 用用will be able towill be able to；表示過去一般的能力（不；表示過去一般的能力（不 表示做與未做）用表示做與未做）用couldcould或或were/was able towere/was able to； 表示過去有能力并成功地做成了某事用表示過去有能力并成功地做成了某事用was/was/ were able to were able to；表示

4、過去有能力做但未做用；表示過去有能力做但未做用 could have donecould have done。4.4.表推測（可能性）表推測（可能性） cancan用于肯定句中表客觀的可能性；用于肯定句中表客觀的可能性；may/mustmay/must用用 于肯定句表實際的可能性；表示否定的推測要于肯定句表實際的可能性；表示否定的推測要 用用cant/couldntcant/couldnt；表示確定（或可能有的；表示確定（或可能有的 未來或期望）用未來或期望）用shouldshould。5.5.委婉語氣委婉語氣 問句中問句中could,might (could,might (及及would,s

5、hould)would,should)等表示等表示 語氣的委婉，但在答語中應用語氣的委婉，但在答語中應用can/maycan/may。6.6.表示必要性表示必要性 表示現在或將來必須做某事用表示現在或將來必須做某事用mustmust；不必做某；不必做某 事用事用dont have to do sth.dont have to do sth.或或dont need dont need to do sth. to do sth.或或neednt do sth.neednt do sth.；當表示過去；當表示過去 沒有必要做但實際上做了，用沒有必要做但實際上做了，用neednt have needn

6、t have done sth. done sth.。7.“7.“情態動詞情態動詞+have done”+have done”用法用法 should (shouldnt) have doneshould (shouldnt) have done本來應該（不本來應該（不 該）做某事而未做（做了）該）做某事而未做（做了） could/might have donecould/might have done本來能夠本來能夠/ /可以做某事可以做某事 而未做而未做 neednt have doneneednt have done本來不必做某事但做了本來不必做某事但做了 must have done“m

7、ust have done“一定已經一定已經”，表示對過，表示對過 去的肯定推測去的肯定推測 cant/couldnt have done“cant/couldnt have done“不可能已不可能已 經經”，表示對過去的否定推測，表示對過去的否定推測8.8.情態動詞的其他用法要點情態動詞的其他用法要點 cant but+do sth.cant but+do sth.表示表示“不得不，只好不得不，只好”； may as well+may as well+動詞原形，表示動詞原形，表示“最好，不最好，不 妨妨”；cant (cant (或或nevernever等否定詞等否定詞) )與與enoug

8、h enough ( (或或too much)too much)連用，表示連用，表示“再再也不為也不為 過過”；maymay可用于祈使句，表示祝愿；可用于祈使句，表示祝愿；why (why (或或 how)+shouldhow)+should意為意為“竟會竟會”；mustmust還可表示還可表示“偏偏 要要/ /硬要硬要”做某事；做某事；mustntmustnt表示表示“禁止禁止”；對；對 以以maymay開頭的問句的否定問答應用開頭的問句的否定問答應用mustntmustnt；對；對 以以mustmust開頭的問句的否定問答應用開頭的問句的否定問答應用neednt neednt （或（或do

9、nt have todont have to）。）。1.英語動詞有三種語氣， 陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。2. 定義：用來表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發生的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設的語氣叫虛擬語氣。一、第一種類型的虛擬語氣一、第一種類型的虛擬語氣wish/would rather/if only/as ifwish/would rather/if only/as if 謂語動詞時態原則：謂語動詞時態原則：與現在與現在/ /將來相反用過去將來相反用過去與過去相反用過去的過去（過去完成時）與過去相反用過去的過去（過去完成時）I wish I were a bird. I wish I

10、hadnt make such a mistake yesterday. She loves the baby as if it were her own son.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!I would rather you had changed your idea. 二、二、 表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。 常見動詞：一個堅持：insist兩個命令命令：order, comma

11、nd 三個建議建議：advise, suggest, propose四個要求：要求：demand , require, request, desire 這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞 使用should + should + 動詞原形，或者將動詞原形，或者將shouldshould省略省略。注意注意: suggest: suggest表表 暗示表明暗示表明 時時 insistinsist表表堅持認為堅持認為時不用虛擬語氣時不用虛擬語氣1.我們建議我們建議Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。2.他堅決要求我到場。他堅決要求我到場。3.國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。國王命令囚犯明

12、天要實施死刑。4.他們要求我們派他們去那兒工作。他們要求我們派他們去那兒工作。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。 o

13、rder, advice, suggestion, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, proposal, demand, request, desiredesireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.三、三、虛

14、擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法條件從句 If 從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現在過去未來過去時態過去完成時態would/could/should/might +V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. 過去時態與現在/將來相反用過去，與過去相反用過去的過去2. should do3. were to do1.If I had enough time , I would travel abroad.2.If I were rich, I would buy you anything you want.3. If I had ta

15、ken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.與現在事實相反與過去事實相反5.I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.6.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enj

16、oy a very happy life.與將來事實相反If it rains tomorrowIf it rained/should rain /were to rain虛擬條件句中的省略與倒裝虛擬條件句中的省略與倒裝在虛擬條件句中有在虛擬條件句中有were, had, should三個助動三個助動詞中的一個時詞中的一個時,可以省略可以省略if, 把這些詞放在主語前。把這些詞放在主語前。例如：If I should meet her, I would tell her.=Should I meet her, I would tell her.If I were in your positio

17、n,I would do it better.=Were I in your position,I would do it better.If they had made preparations,they would have succeeded=Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded. 1.If you had finished writing the book last month , it would be published next month.2.You would be much better now if y

18、ou had taken my advice.錯綜時間虛擬條件句錯綜時間虛擬條件句3. If you had met him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 有時假設的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是通過一個介詞來表示或通過上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虛擬： But for your help,I would have failed. Without the money,I would not b

19、e alive now. （3）含蓄虛擬條件句）含蓄虛擬條件句 Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.She would leave her husband except for children.如果沒有孩子的話如果沒有孩子的話,她就會離開她的丈夫的她就會離開她的丈夫的2.without,otherwi

20、se和和but for 構成虛擬構成虛擬:含蓄含蓄條件句（條件句（but for要不是）要不是）Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.5.Its (about/high) time +that -should +

21、V.過去時你該走了。我們該睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ 8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that- important + that- 從句中的動詞要用從句中的動詞要用

22、虛擬，即（虛擬，即（shouldshould）+ +動詞原形動詞原形 It is important that we ( should ) It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.to the party. Its necessary that we should study Its

23、necessary that we should study hard.hard.9. 某些簡單句的固定句型：某些簡單句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!高考鏈接:1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come (MET94) 2. W

24、hen a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken (MET95)3. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt getC. were driving ;wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got (MET95)4.Wi

25、thout the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night ,too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly(上海97)DCDA5._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the meeting. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will (上海上海94)6.

26、 Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she a medical examination.A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has (上海上海94)7._ for the free tickets, I wouldnt have gone to the films so often.A. If it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. If they we

27、re not(上海上海95)8.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _something.A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said(上海上海96)BBCD 1.If I had had enough time, I my work. A.would finish B.must have finished C.would have finished D.had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they the pl

28、ane. A.will catch B.would catch C.would have caught D.will have caught 3.Mr Green requires that the students a composition every other week. A.write B.writen C.would write D.will write 4.Had he studied hard, he the exam. A.would pass B.could pass C.had passed D.would have passed5.I wish I what is ha

29、ppening there in his room.A.know B.known C.knew D.should know6.It is important that you sports every day.A.have B.would have C.must have D.will have7.If there were no water in the world, everything . A.will die B.would die C.would have died D.would have been dead8. what was going to happen ,I would

30、never have left her alone. A.Had I knownB.If I know C.If I knew D.If had I known9.He ordered that the work right away. A.should finish B.finished C.would be finished D.be finished10.Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A.you stayed B.you sta