1、現在完成時講解與練習一、 現在完成時的構成1. 現在完成時結構：主語+助動詞have(has) +動詞過去分詞 否定句：have/has后加not, havent/hasnt一般疑問句：前提have/has被動：have /has been +動詞的現在分詞2現在完成時的概念：1) 表示過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響或結果。-Have you had your lunch yet?你吃過午飯了嗎？-Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我剛吃過。 (現在我不餓了。)I have already posted the photos. 我已經寄過這些照片。(這些照

2、片已不在我這里了。)2) 過去發生的事情，一直持續到現在（其謂語動詞多是延續性動詞或表示狀態的詞）。I havent seen her these days. 近來我一直沒見過他。Ive known Li Lei for three years. 我認識李雷已經三年了。They have lived here since 1996. 他們自從1996年就住在這兒。She has taught us since I came to this school. 自從我來這所學校，她就教我。3. 現在完成時多與下列時間狀語連用： 1) 用于“過去發生的事，對現在造成的影響或結果”的時間狀語有：alre

3、ady(已經肯定句) yet(還;尚未否/疑問句) -Has he phoned you yet?-No,not yet.  never(從未) ever(曾經疑問句)Have you ever talked to him about it ?just(剛剛) before(以前) already 用于肯定句，可放在助動詞之后、過去分詞之前，也可放在句末； yet用在疑問句中意為“已經”，用在否定句中表示“還”，常放在句末； ever意為“曾經”，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動詞與過去分詞之間；never

4、意為“從來都沒有”，常和before連用，多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。Eg.I have never traveled by plane before. before 意為“以前”，指過去不確定的某個時間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。Eg.I havent heard of it before.  2) 用于“過去發生的事，一直延續到現在”的時間狀語有：for + 時間段(for two years)since two years agosince +

5、時間點 since 2008Since then since he came here.so far(目前;迄今為止) up to now=till now=by now到現在為止；直到現在 all the time 總是；一直 recently lately最近 these days 近幾天 【by the end of到末/結束】by the end of this year 到今年年末 by the end of this month到本月末 during /over the last (past) few years 在過去的幾年中 in the last /past months在過

6、去的幾個月中 in the past/last few days/years 在過去的這幾天 3) This/It is the first/second time + that從句 that從句要用現在完成時 This is the first time that I have come here. 4）在條件，時間，讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時以前已完成的動作 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work

7、. 3. have(has) been 和 have(has) gone 區分 1) have/ has gone (to) 表示某人已經去了某地，人不在這兒。 -Where is Jim? He has gone to London. (人不在這兒，已去了London) 2) have/ has been (to) 表示曾經到過某地，但現在人已回來。 I have been to Shanghai twice. 我到過上海兩次。（以前去的上海，現在人已回來） -Where have you been, Jim? 吉姆，你去了哪里？ -I have been to the library. 我

8、去了圖書館。后面還可以跟不定式                                               

9、60;                                                Ive 

10、been to see my grandmother.(現已回來)  Shes been to do some shopping. 3) have/has been in + 地點 (adv. 去to) 在某處呆過多長時間 (現在還在那里) How long have you been here/there? I have been here/there for 10 years. 你在這里多長時間了？ 我在這里10年了。(現在還在) Dashan has been in China

11、since 20years ago. 大山自從20年前就在中國。(現在還在) How long have been at this school? I have been here for over two years. 你在這所學校多長時間了？ 我在這里兩年多了。 (現在還在)4.have got 的特殊用法： have got 在形式上時現在完成時，在意思上和have相同： Have you got (=Do you have)a timetable? She&

12、#160;hasnt got any relations. Ive got another three minutes. 5.have got to 和have to 意思相同： have got to 和have to 意思相同： have got to =have to,表示“不得不”： Youve got to&

13、#160;be careful. Thats what weve got to do. Youve got to keep this in mind. 在口語中，have有時可以省略。 We got to make ends meet.我們得收支相抵。 二、現在完成時和一般過去時的區別現在完成時表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果，強調的是現在的情況，所以它不能與表示過去的時間狀

14、語連用。如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004 等。而一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態，和現在沒有任何關系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。I have seen the film. 我看過這部電影。 （我了解這部電影的內容。）I saw the film last week.我上星期看了這部電影.(只說明上星期看了這部電影,不涉及現在的情況)He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以來他一直住在這里。（他現在還住在這里）He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在這里。（不涉及現在他是

15、否還住在這里）把下列句子分別變成否定句、一般疑問句并作回答。1) I have already cleaned the room. 否定句: _ 一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答:_ 2) Jim has never been to Harbin.一般疑問句：_ 肯定回答：_ 否定回答:_ 3)We have lived here since 2 years ago.否定句: _ 一般疑問句：_ 對畫線部分提問：_三、用所給詞的適當形式填空 1. I _(learn) 2000 English words so far. 2. The old man _(live) here for 40

16、 years. 3. I _(not see) you for ten years. 4. _ you _ (sweep) the floor today? It is so dirty. 5. _ he _(spend) all his money? Yes, he has.四、短暫性動詞與持續性動詞 在現在完成時中的運用在現在完成時中, 短暫性動詞一般不與時間段連用。即:不與for, since短語或how long問句連用。非延續性動詞與一段時間連用時可采用下述三種方法： a.將非延續性動詞轉化為延續性動詞 練習：將下列非延續性動詞轉化為延續性動詞 buy&

17、#160;        borrow        open       ; close           ； begin/start       come   &#

18、160;   go/leave       finish     died     catch a cold        put on        get up    

19、;  ；wake up       fall asleep        lose       join       leave        1.He left his office

20、60;3 hours ago. He              from his office for 3 hours. It          3 hours since he left his office

21、. 2.He has been dead 4 years. He                ago. It has been              he died. b.將

22、時間狀語改為過去時間，并用一般過去時代替現在完成時。 Eg. I have been away from this school for eight years. I left this school eight years ago.c .用句型“it is +一段時間+since從句（從句中的謂語動詞用非延續性動詞的一般過去式）”表示。如：It is two

23、0;years since the old man died. 注意：瞬間動詞在完成時態中的否定式可以接一段時間。如： Exercises Ture or False  He has come to Beijing since last year.(  )   He has lived in Beijing 

24、since last year.(  ) He has joined the army for 3 years.(   )     He has served in the army for 3 years.(  ) He joined the army

25、60;3 years ago. (   )       He has been a soldier for 3 years. (  ) It is 3 years since he joined the army. (   ) &

26、#160; He has joined the army. (   ) 短暫性動詞與時間段連用時，要轉化成表示狀態的詞或短語。 leavebe away (from) 離開1. She _ (leave) home last week.2. She has already_ (leave) home.3. She_ home for a week.A. has left B. left C. has been away D. has been away from4. How long has s

27、he _ home?A. left B. leaved C. been away from die v. be dead adj. 死亡 1. The old man is_ . He_ ten years ago.2. He has_ for ten years. (die/dead填空)3. ( ) How long has he_ ?A. died B. been dead C. die D. been die joinbe in /be a member of 加入/成為 join the League 入團 join the Party 入黨 join the army 參軍A: W

28、hen did Zhao Lin _ the League? B: He_ the League last year. He has _the League for one year. borrow/lendkeep 借用1. A: I_ a book from the library yesterday. B: How long _ you_ it? A: I can _ it for a week.2. He _ the dictionary since last week. A. borrowed B. has borrowed C. has kept D. kept buyhave 買

29、1. A: 我買了一輛自行車。I _ _a bike.B: 你買了多長時間了？How long _ you _ it?A: 我上個月買的。I _ it last month.2. I _ this pair of skates for two years. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had begin/startbe on 開始 The movie _ (start) half an hour ago. It _ for thirty minutes. openbe open 開始/開業A: When did the factory _?

30、B: It _ ten years ago. A: How long has it _?B: It has _ for ten years. closebe closed 關閉/停產 A: When did the shop_?B: It _ a month ago.A: How long has it _.B: It has _ for a month. arrive/comebe in /at 到達 arrive in/at. 到達，抵達 come to. 來到.1) A: When did you _ in Shanghai?B: I _ here last week.A: How lo

31、ng have you _ _ Shanghai?B: I have _ here for a week.2) I_ to this school last year. I have_ _ this school for a year. get a cold/ catch a cold-have a cold 感冒 (用get catch have 適當形式填空)1. I _/_ a cold last week. And Im not feeling well now. So I _ a cold for a week.2. I _ a cold since last week.A. hav

32、e got B. have caught C. have had D. got練習：1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _what's happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous wr

33、iter _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . w

34、ill ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go

35、 . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you kno

36、w him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left th

37、e army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they

38、 C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 5、 補充1

39、)由since引導的從句中的時態： 由since引導的從句一般用過去時（主句謂語動詞用現在完成時） Weve been friends ever since we met at school. Much has changed since I was there last time. 2)當表示有多少時間時，主句謂語可用一般現在時： Its two years

40、0;since I left home. How long is it since you came here last time? 3) 在下面句型中也可用現在完成時： 出現最高級This is the best tea I have ever drunk. This is the most interesting&

41、#160;book I have ever read.  This is the easiest job I have ever had.一、單項選擇。 1、現在完成時主要強調過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響，或過去發生的動作還未結束，一直持續到現在或將來，重點在于對現在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側根據上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。 2、現在完成時常與already（已經），just（剛剛，正好），ever（

42、曾經），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應選B。 3、C 4、現在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“last + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續到現在的。故4應選D。 5、C 6、現在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故6應選C。 7、C 8、現在完成時還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復次數的詞語連用。故8應選B。 9、現在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆，就是因為它們所表示的動作都發生在過去，但二