1、定語從句用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞 （有時也可說明整個主句或主句中一部分起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。一詞引導的定語從句1. 關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞句子成分用于限制從句或非限制性從句只用于限制性從句代替人代替物代替人或物主語 Whowhichthat主語 Whomwhichthat賓語Whose(=of whom)whose(=of which)例 1: This is the detective who came from London.例 2: The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例 3: The

2、 desk whose leg is broken is very old.例 4: This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2. 關(guān)系代詞的用法(1) 如果先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything,little, none等不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用which。例如：All the people that are prese nt burst into tears.(2) 如果先等詞被形容詞最高級以及 first, last, any, only, few

3、, much, no,some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：(3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：There are about seve n milli on people tak ing part in the elect ion, most ofwhom、are well educated.(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and thi

4、s相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competiti on, which made his pare nts very happy.(5) that可指人或物，在從句中作表語，(指人作主語時多用who)僅用于限制性定語從句中。(6) which可作表語，既可指人，以可指物。指人時，一般指從事某種職業(yè) 或是有種特征品性或才能的人。Which引導的定語從句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。(8) 先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如：T

5、he boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(9) 女口果先行詞是 anyone, an ybody, every one, everybody, some one,somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用 which 。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?Where :對于關(guān)系副詞where的考察，趨于一種地點的模糊化”。當先行詞表示某人/物的situation，或某事發(fā)展的stage，或表達某事的某個方面時都可用關(guān)系副詞where。常見的先行詞還

6、有point，case等。3 .介詞+關(guān)系代詞 是一個普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) 介詞+關(guān)系代詞 可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。介詞+關(guān)系代詞 結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, toat, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用 whom 或 which,不可用that 。in which =wherefor which =whyon which = whe n(2) from where為介詞+關(guān)系副詞 結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導定語從句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where

7、we can see the town.(3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she has take n care of.關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句1.關(guān)系副詞也可以引導定語從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時間地點或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當時間狀語，where充當?shù)攸c狀語，why充當原因狀語。2. that可引導定語從句表示時間.地點或原因That有時可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where或

8、者why引導定語從句表示時 間.地點或原因，在that引導的這種定語從句中，that也可以省去。三.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1. 二者差異比較限制定語從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞這間一般不加逗號，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關(guān)系代詞.關(guān)系副詞或that來引導。非限制性定語從句僅作補充或說明，用逗號與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個主句，不可用that引導。2 .關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)(1)弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分，作狀語的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞，作主語.賓語或表語的可選用關(guān)系代詞3. 先行詞與定語從句隔離定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但定語從句與先行詞之間有時也會插入別的成分，

9、構(gòu)成先行詞與定語從句的隔離。例如：1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四.As在定語從句中的用法1.引導限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句(1) as多與such或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞(2) as也可單獨使用，弓I導非限制性定語從句，作用相當于which。例如：The elepha nts nose is like a sn ake, as an ybodycse

10、e.3) the same th與 the same在a意思上是不同的 。2. As引導的非限制性定語從句的位置as引導的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面中間或后面，一般用逗號與主句隔開，但which所引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后 as is known 眾所周知，as is often the case 情況常常如此 ，as issupposed 女口所料想的，as often happens 這種情況常常發(fā)生 ，as is expected在意料之中。例如：(1) As is expected, the England team won the football ma

11、tch.(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by every one.眾所周知，定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。下面結(jié)合考例談?wù)剬W習運用非限制性定語從句時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：一、that不能用來引導非限制性定語從句。如：考例一】She heard the terrible noise,brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that解析】選Bo后半句為非限制性定語從句，盡管先行詞noise屬于事物，也不能用that而要用which來引導。whi

12、ch指代noise，在從句中作主語。二、除which夕卜，還可用when，where，whose，whom 等引導非限制性定語從句，且各自的用法及差異與它們用在限制性定語從句時相同。如：Next mon th, whe n you'll spe nd your summer holidays in your hometow n,is即proaching.下個月即將來臨，屆時你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。（關(guān)系副詞when 指代表示時間的名詞n ext mo nth ，并作從句的狀語。）She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close

13、frie nds.她要至 U澳門去居住，在那里她有幾個密友。（關(guān)系副詞where指代表示地點的名詞Macao，并在從句中作狀語。）考例二 】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,was veryreas on able.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose解析】選Bo whose在從句中作表示所屬關(guān)系的定語,既可指代人,也可指代物。指物時，常可轉(zhuǎn)換為of which ；指人時常可轉(zhuǎn)換為of whom 。考例三 】In the office I nev

14、er seem to have time until after 5:30pm,many people have gone home.A. whose time B. thatC. on which D. by which time解析】先行詞5:30 pm與time之間是一種同位關(guān)系，可用which來作定語替代。從句中的完成狀態(tài)，常與by短語連用。故選D。三、在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。女口：He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he lovedas his own mother.他迫切

15、地想到醫(yī)院去看望他的繼母,他把繼母當自己的親媽媽一樣愛戴。四、非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 which，既可以指代前面的先行詞，也可 以指代前面整句的含義。女口：考例四 】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,made the others un happy.A. who B. whichC. this D. what解析】選B。指代“Dorothy總是高度評價自己在那場戲中所擔任的角色 ”的整 個事件。考例五 】Carol said the work would be done by Oct

16、ober,pers on allyI doubt very much.A. it B. thatC. whe n D. which解析】表示時間的名詞October ,用 我個人非常懷疑”來修飾，意思不通。應(yīng) 該修飾整個主句，表示對“ Caro說在十月前能做好這項工作”懷疑。故選D。五、引導非限制性定語從句時as和which的差異：從句置于句首時，非限制 性定語從句只能用as引導，而置于句末時，兩者都可以使用。女口：考例六 】is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earthonce every mon th.A. It B. As

17、C. That D. What解析】逗號表明為非限制性定語從句。選B。考例七 】is mentioned above, the number of the students in seniorhigh schools is in creas ing.A. Which B. AsC. That D. It解析】答案為B。與考例六同理非限練習+詳解1. The placein terested me most was the Childre n's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2. Do you know the man?A. w

18、hom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3. This is the hotellast mon th.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4. Do you know the yearthe Chin ese Commu nist Party was foun ded?A. which B. that C. whe n D. on which5. That is the dayril n

19、 ever forget.A. which B. on which C. i n whichD. whe n6. The factorywe'll visit n ext week is not far from here.D. i n whichA. where B. to which C. which7. Great cha nges have take n place since the n in the factorywe are worki ng.D. thereB. that have show nD. that you talkedA. where B. thatC. w

20、hich8. This is one of the best films.A. that have bee n show n this yearC. that has bee n show n this year9. Can you lend me the bookthe other day?B. which you talkedA. about which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10. The penhe is writ ing is mine.A. with which B. i n which C. on

21、which D. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front ofsat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12. The engin eermy father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.lt there anyone in your classfamily is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D.

22、whose14.1'm in terested inyou have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.1 want to use the same dicti onarywas used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16. He isn't such a manhe used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17. He is good at En glish,we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D

23、. what18. Li Ming,to the con cert enjo yed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.1 don't likeas you read.A. the no vels B. the such no vels C. such no vels D. same no vels20. He talked a lot about thi ngs and pers onsthey remembered in theschool.A

24、. which B. that C. whom D. what21. The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.ln our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds ofare wome n.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the only pers onI've ever metcould do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom

25、;/ D./; who24.1 lost a book,I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake,Han gzhou is famous in theworld.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.1 have bought such a watchwas advertised on TV.A. that B. whi

26、ch C. as D. it27.1 can n ever forget the daywe worked together and the daywe spe nt together.A. whe n; which B. which; whe n C. what; that D. on which; whe n28. The wayhe looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29. This is the reas onhe did n't come to the meet ing.A. in which B.

27、 with which C. that D. for which30. This mach ine,for many years, is still worki ng perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31. The reas onhe did n't come washe was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for whi

28、ch;what32. He is working hard,will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33. That is not the wayI do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.1 have two grammars,are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.1 want to use the same tool

29、sused in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36. My n eigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble,was verykind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it37. This is the magaz ineI copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which38. He is not such

30、 a manwould leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depe nd on whatever promisehe makes.A. / B. why C. whe n D. whose40. Smok ing,is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though41. - Did you ask the guardhappe ned?-Yes, he told me allhe kn ew.A. what;

31、that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that42. I shall n ever forget those yearsI lived on the farm withthe farmers,has a great effect on my life.A. whe n; who B. that; which C. which; that D. whe n; which43. The nu mber of the people whocarsin creas ing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. o

32、wn; are44. During the days, he worked as a serva nt at the Brow ns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxyge n the only gashelps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall,he could seewasgoing on in side house.A. which; what B. through wh

33、ich; what C. through that; what D. what; that47. Issome Germa n frie nds visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where48. Joh n got beate n in the game,had bee n expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who49. I have bought two ballpe ns,writes well.A. none of

34、them B. n either of them C. n either of which D. none of which50. All that can be eate neate n up.A. are being B. has bee n C. had bee n D. have bee n參考答案及解析1. A. which用作關(guān)系代詞,在定語從句中作主語。2. C."和誰講話”要說speak to sb.本題全句應(yīng)為 Do you know the man whomI spoke to. 。whom是關(guān)系代詞,作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。3. D. where是關(guān)系副詞，

35、表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。4. C. when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。5. A. which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓 語。6. C.解析同第5題。7. A.解析見第3題。8. A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負數(shù)概念，其謂語動 詞應(yīng)用復述的被動語態(tài)have been shown 。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞 the，則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9. A.談至“某事物”應(yīng)說talk about sth. 。 about是介詞，其后要用which作賓 語，不能用that。10. A. wit

36、h which是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導定語從句.with有"用"的意思，介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which 在定語從句中作狀語，即he iswriting with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which 在從句 中作狀語.12. D. with whom 引導定語從句.with whom 放在從句中即為：my father works with the engin eer.13. D. whose引導

37、定語從句，在從句中作主語family的定語.14. A. that引導定語從句，因為先行詞是all,所以只能選用that引導.15. D. the same是固定用法，as引導定語從句時，可以作主語，賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16. D. such是固定用法,as引導定語從句時 可以作主語 賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17. B. as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨用來引導非限制性定語從句 。這時as所指代的不 是主句中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓 語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.18. B. Li Mi ng enjoy

38、ed it very much 是主句,with whom I went to the con cert 是定語從句.with whom 放在從句中為:I we nt to the concert with Li Mi ng.19. C. as引導定語從句時通常構(gòu)成 sucha或 the same 固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導定語從 句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時，要用such a本題中such books, such 直接修飾復數(shù)名詞.20. B. things和persons是先行詞.當定語從句要修飾的先

39、行詞是既表示人，又表示物的名詞時，其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21. D. who弓I導非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D.先行詞person后有兩個定語從句，第一個從句省略了關(guān)系代詞 whom.因為，whom作從句中met的賓語，可以省略.第二個從句 who could do it.who 在 從句中作主語，不可省略.24. A. whose title 引導非限制性定語從句,whose title 也可以說成the title of which25. A. for which 引導定語從句，使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語 befamous for "以而聞名".26. C.當先行詞被such修飾時，引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as. As在本從句中 作主語.27. A.兩個先行詞the day都是表示時間的名詞，但第一個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞 在從句中作狀語，因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中 作動詞spent的賓語，因此要用關(guān)系代詞 which或that來引導定語從句.28. D.在way、dista nee、directio n等詞后的定語從句中