1、名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組,它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。根據從句在句子中的功能分根據從句的性質分定語從句形容詞性從句主語從句名詞性從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句狀語從句副詞性從句第一節知識點講解一.【主語從句一顧名思義，主語從句在句子中作主語。有時本身出現在主語的位置上，也有時出于句子結構的考慮退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主語it代替。從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般為單數形式。如 ：What I sa

2、w was beyond any verbal description.That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit.Why the company denied the contract is still unknown.When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion.It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing.It remains to be seen

3、 whether the new novel will be well received.Tips:主語從句的that絕對不能省去。因為句子是不能做主語的，故用 that引導。若去掉則沒有了主語，而賓語從句的 that可省。 主語從句： That he is right is known to all of us.賓語從句： We all know (that) he is right.1. It作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語it放在主語位置，真正主語擱置于句末It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句

4、則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人時也可用who/whom。例如：a) It is a pity that you didn' t go to seelheflm場電影真可惜。b) It doesn ' t interest me whythes ucceed or not.我對你成功與否不感興趣。c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 謀殺案是在早上發生的。(強調句型)d) It is John that broke the window.是 John 打碎的窗戶

5、。(強調句型)2.用it作形式主語的結構It is +名詞+從句It is a fact that事實是 It is an honor thatIt is common knowledge that非常榮幸是常識2) ) It is + 形容詞 + 從句It is natural that很自然 It is strange that奇怪的是It is +不及物動詞+從句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧一It appears that 似乎4) ) It +過去分詞 + 從句It is reported that 據報道 It has been proved

6、 that 已證實 It is said that 據說5) 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：(1) if引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。(2) It is said /reported結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.錯誤表達： That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(3) It happens/occurs 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達：It occurred

7、 to him that he failed in the examination.錯誤表達： That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(4) It doesn ' t matter how/whether結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達：It doesn ' t matter whether he is wrong or not.錯誤表達： Whether he is wrong or not doesn' t matter.(5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達：Is

8、it likely that it will rain in the evening?錯誤表達：Is that will rain in the evening likely?6) what與that在引導主語從句時的區別what引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語.賓語.表語，而 that則不然。例如:a) What you said yesterday is right.b) That she is still alive is a consolation二.【賓語從句i一賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。We assumed

9、 that there would be more than 100 guests.He told the police in detail what he saw and heard.Nobody is sure what humans wi11100k like in a million years.That will depend on whether they can get the chance.Whether will have the time I am not sure at the moment.The conductor complained that we were no

10、t gifted in singing and that he would never come again.1 .作動詞的賓語(1)由that引導的賓語從句(that通常可以省略)，例如：I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。(2)由what, whether (if)引導的賓語從句，例如：a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道發生了什么。b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能幫我改下筆記。(3)動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句

11、。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.她對我說她會接受我的邀請。2 .作介詞的賓語，例如：Our success dependsupon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。3 .作形容詞的賓語，例如：I am afraid (that) I ' ve made a mistake. 怕我已經犯了一個錯誤。注意：that 弓I導的從句常跟在下歹U形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, con

12、vinced, determined, glad, proud,surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的 that從句的看作原因狀語從句。4 . it可以作為形式賓語it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。例如：We heard it that she would get married next month.我聽說她下個朋就會結婚了。5 .

13、后邊不能直接跟that從句的動詞這類動詞有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。這類 詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。如：正確表達：I admire their winning the match.錯誤表達：I admire that they won the match.6 .不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞有些動詞不可用于動詞+間接賓語+ that從句 結構中，常見的有 envy,

14、order(命令)，accuse, refuse, impress, forgive,blame, denounce (公開才旨責) ,advise, congratulate 等。 例如：正確表達： He impressed the manager as an honest man.錯誤表達： He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7 .否定的轉移若主句謂語動詞為 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy (想象),guess, imagine 等， 其后的賓語從句若含 有

15、否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：I don ' t think shdress fits you well.我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。三.【表語從句】表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是主語+連系動詞+表語從句可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain (留下、保持、依然)，seem等。引導表語從句的that常可省略。另外，常用的還有 the reason is that 和 It is because 等結構。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good pr

16、eparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can ' t get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四.【同位語從句】同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。1 .同位語從句的功能同位語從句 對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由that引

17、導，例如：1) The king ' s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2 .同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3 .同位語從句與定語從句的區別(1

18、) .同位語從句和定語從句相似，二者都有先行詞。同位語從句是對先行詞的進一步陳述，和先行詞是同等的關系，含義相同。定語從句是對先行詞的修飾或限制。(2) .同位語從句表示先行詞的內容是什么，進一步說明先行詞。定語從句與先行詞之間是所屬關系，表示“的起修飾作用。(3) .同位語從句的“that不能省略。定語從句的關系代詞 “that在從句中作賓語時可以省略。(4)同位語從句的先行詞是一個含有概念的抽象名詞，從句對這一概念進行展開或說明。同位語從句和定語從句的異同與辨析。1 .正確使用同位語從句的關連詞；2.正確運用同位語從句的先行詞；3.能正確認識并正確翻譯同位語從句。同位語從句和定語從句比較練

19、習1. I heard about the news that he got a full mark in this examination. (同位語從句)2. This is good news that I heard from Mary.(定語從句)3. He can ' t answer the question how he got the money同位語從句)4. This is an easy question that he answered in class.(定語從句)五.【連接代詞、連接副詞和連接詞】通過以上介紹，我們可以看出，四種名詞性從句都需要有一個連接性

20、詞在從句的開頭。這個詞是什么性質，要看它 在從句中作作的成分，如果作的是主語、賓語、表語的話，這個詞就是連接代詞；如果作的是各種狀語，就叫連接副詞； 如果不作任何成分，就叫連接詞。引導名詞性從句的連接詞：連接詞 that, if, whether連接代詞： who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever連接副詞 when, where, how, why第二節考點分類解析【考點一：語序問題】名詞性從句的語序：永遠陳述語氣。即名詞性從句中不會出現助動詞提前的現象。如：Who he is doesn ' t matte

21、r much.When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question.I don ' t know what his name is.I don ' t know what is wrong with him. = I don' t know what is the matter with him.You can ' t imagine how excited I wa at that time.Can you tell me what size shoes you wear?No one can b

22、e sure in a million years. ( MET1991 )A. what will man look likeB. what man will look likeC. man will look like whatD. what look will man like【考點二：that和what的區另1J問題】能引導名詞性從句的關系代詞有who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever八個。為何單獨講what的用法呢？重要！在考試中出現的頻率高！在本書第一章定語從句中，我們提到過，what是不能引導定語從句的

23、。定語從句中如果缺少的成分是主語、賓語、表語，我們選擇的是關系代詞that或其他。現在山頭換了，到了名詞性從句的知識范圍了。What在名詞性從句中 就很有用武之地了。還是分析成分，what在從句中作的主語、賓語、表語。而that只是一個 連接詞”，既不作什么成分，也沒有什么意義。如:What you did doesn ' t agree with what you promised.What he couldn ' t understand was why his teacher was never satisfied with him.The matter of salar

24、y is what I care most if I decide to change my profession.What we can ' t get alwaysems better than what we have already got.I think that your composition is no better than his.That you don ' t love her is not my business.What we have seen is different from.A. we heardB. we have heard C. wha

25、t we heard D. what we have heard答案：D。我們應該可以看出這是個賓語從句。從句中hear是個及物動詞，缺少賓語。所以，應該選有what引導的從句。而不能是that或者省略了 that的情況。I couldn ' t agree with at the meeting.D. what you saidsay是個及物動詞，缺少賓語。所以，應該選A. that you said B. which you said C. all what you said 答案：D。與上一題相同，這也是一個考查賓語從句的題目。從句中的擇what引導的賓語從句。但是，這個題目最容

26、易錯的選項是C。因為有些同學會認為 all是先行詞，而后面時what引導的定語從句。但是，what是不引導定語從句的。所以，C根本就是不存在的。【考點三：that和whether的區別問題】有時候，它們兩個比較難以區別，因為，它們都是連接詞，都在從句中不作成分。但是，它們之間最大的區別在于 意義"。即that在從句中既不作成分，也沒有自己的意義；而 whether就不同了。它雖然不在從句中作什么成分，但 是它又意義，即 是否”。這就能夠左右從句的意思，使從句所表達的意思變成一個還沒有確定的因素。如：I don ' t know whether he can join us o

27、r not.I ' m sure that he can join us.It is none of your business whether I love her.It is none of your business that I don' t love her.綜上所述，區分that還是whether,重要一點就是看主句需要從句表達一個什么意思，是確定的，還是不確定的；是 事實還是疑問。前者選that,后者選whethero如：I have no doubt Mr. Johnson will make it here on time.A. thatB. whetherC

28、. whyD. whenNo one can be sure the board will accept our conditions.A. thatB. whetherC. whyD. what【考點四：if和whether的區別問題】二者在引導賓語從句時都有是否”之意。但并不是永遠可以互換。一般認為，二者可以互換的環境也只有在賓語從句中。如：He didn ' t give us explicit reply whether/if he will attend our wedding ceremony.而在介詞的賓語從句中，在主語從句中，在表語從句中，在同位語從句中，在和不定式搭配

29、的結構中等等，習慣上只能用 whether,如：1. we ' ll go camping tomowrdepends on the weather. （ 1996）A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where2. The question of they are old or young is not important.A. which B. whether C. how D. if3. The question is the film is worth seeing.A. ifB. whatC. whether D. how4. He doesn '

30、 t know to stay or not.A. ifB. whenC. whetherD. how5. The news our team has won the match is unknown.A. whichB. ifC. whetherD. then值得注意的是：有些資料依然強調if不能與or not搭配的問題。過去有過這樣的規定，只是在現代英語中，已經不再強調了而已。現在認為ifor not也可以接受。【考點五：wh-詞和wh-ever的區別問題】一般認為，wh-詞在引導從句時，依然保留了很大部分的疑問詞的本色，所以，它們引導的從句在意思上應該表達的是一個 問題”，如：誰？什么？

31、何時？何地？為何？怎么？ ”等。而wh-ever已經沒有這層色彩，不再關心這樣的問題”，而是充滿了讓步的意味，多有 無論.”之意。如：The police wanted to know who will benefit most from the old man' s death.警方想知道誰將從老人的去世中受益最多。Whoever will benefit from the old man' s death will be questioned by the police.能從老人的去世之中受益的所有人都將受到警方的盤問。Who will be sent to help th

32、e people in the flooded areas hasn' t been announced.誰將被派往洪災區去救援還沒有宣布。Whoever will be sent to work in the flooded areas will spare no effort to helpthe people in need.不管是誰被派往災區救援都會全力以赴地幫助災民。【考點六：no matter wh-和wh-ever的區別問題】二者都有 無論.”之意。在引導讓步狀語從句時確實可以互換，沒有什么區別。但是， no matter wh-只能引導狀語從句，不能引導名詞性從句。Wh

33、-ever則二者兼收，來去自由。由此包含與被包含的關系決定，二者同時出現而必選其一時，答案肯定是wh-ever。如：Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.（主語從句 ）Whoever/ No matter who breaks the rules, he/she will be punished.（ 狀語從句 ）Don' t believe whatever he tells you.（賓語從句）Don' t believe him, whatever/ no matter what he tells you.（狀語從句 ）【考點七

34、：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣問題】先看賓語從句的虛擬語氣。一般說來，如果從句作的是表示說話人某種觀點、態度或要求等語氣的動詞的賓語時，從句中要求用 should +動詞原形的虛擬語氣（should經常可以省略）。這些動詞常見的有：desire, demand, require, request,order, propose, command, advise, suggest等。如：例： He insisted that she （should） spend more time studying.He demanded that we （should） be on time.The boss req

35、uired that all waiters （should） keep standing all day long.The publishing house suggested that I （should） type my book out.有兩個特例是suggest和insist °它們倆后面的賓語從句是否用虛擬語氣還要看具體語境來定。如：The doctor suggested that I had a cold。（這個suggest的意思是 解釋，說明"。后面不用虛擬語氣）The big smiles on her face suggested that she

36、had passed the test.（這個 suggest 的意思是 表明“。后面不用虛擬語氣 ）The doctor suggested that I （should） stay in bed for a few day.（這個 suggest 的意思是 建議“。后面用虛擬語氣 ）The young man insisted that he was well enough to serve in the army.（ 這個 insist 堅持的是個事實不是種觀點。 后面 不用虛寸語氣）That young man insisted that he should be sent to th

37、e front.（這個 insist 堅持的是一種觀點，即 池應該被派往前線 “。后面用虛寸語氣）以上是賓語從句中的虛擬語氣現象。如果是其他三種名詞性從句，只要和上述動詞有關，也享受同樣的待遇。如：The headquarters ' suggestion is that we （should） wait for another few daysl從句 ）His order that all the soldiers （should） swim across the river was refused.（ 同位語從句 ）It is strongly recommended that y

38、ou （should） take a taxi.（ 主語從句）另外，在下面這幾個特殊的句型中，后面的主語從句也用虛擬語氣。a. It is important/ necessary/ natural/ a wonder/ essential （必要的） /suggested that should do 如：It is important that you （ should） be on time.It is necessary that you （should） exercise regularly.b. I wish that did 如:I wish I were a bird.I wi

39、sh one day I could live on the moon.c. I ' d rather that did I ' d rather you did it yourself.I ' d rather I hadn ' t lent you that bicycle yesterday.【考點八：賓語從句的反意疑問句的問題】眾所周知，反意疑問句是由句子的謂語和主語的代詞形式共同構成。如：He is ignorant, isn ' t he?He isn ' t strong,hs?但是，如果前面的句子中含有賓語從句，怎么辦？答案是一定

40、針對主句的主語、謂語。如：You know he is ignorant, don' t you?I told you he isn ' t strong, didn ' t I?有一種例外，當主句的主語是I,且謂語動詞是表示觀點的動詞如think, believe, suppose, expect, am afraid 等時，就只能針對從句反問了。因為沒有人會對自己的觀點嗎上進行反詰。如：I think he is ignorant, is n; t he?I believe he isn ' t strong, is he?【考點九：it在名詞性從句中的作用

41、問題】代詞it的用法有很多。但近幾年的高考關注的卻比較集中，即it作為普通回指代詞的用法和在名詞性從句中作形式賓語和形式主語的用法。如：作形式主語：It worried me a bit that he didn' t phone.It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.It doesn ' tterawhen you arrive- just come when you can.It wasn ' t clear to anyone why he didnt come.It was surprising how many unhappy marriages there are.作形式賓語：I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.I think it important t