1、Unit 1 Great scientistsUsing languageRevisionPast ParticipleA broken heartpolluted wateran injured personcrowded peoplebusesFeelingShout out your feelingsclubpleased /delightedexcitedterrified/ frightenedpuzzledsurprised astonished satisfied worried-disappointed discouraged神舟神舟5號號 神舟神舟6號號 神舟神舟6號號 費俊

2、龍聶海勝被授予費俊龍聶海勝被授予英雄航天員榮譽稱號英雄航天員榮譽稱號 神舟神舟6號號 神舟神舟7號號 神舟神舟8號號 神舟神舟9號號 神舟神舟10號號 Pre-listeningWhat job do they do? They are astronauts.What personality is needed?patientpersonalitypositivestrictperseverantconfidentpleasantunselfishenergetic co-operativeintelligentbravecreativedeterminedpolitepassionateca

3、refulhard-workingCan they make such great achievements just on their own?There are a lot of great scientists behind them. One of the best-known is Qian Xuesen.It was Qian Xuesen who sent the first Chinese rocket up into space.Father of the Chinese space programmeListeningWhat do you know about Qian

4、Xuesen? Before you listen to the tape, look at the picture and the exercises and predict the content of the listening. rocketsatelliteastronomyastronomerastronautspace programmespace industryspace institutespace flightspace shipKEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONSastronomer Marsinstitute I have no idea. astron

5、aut admire Right you are!天文學家天文學家火星火星學會學會; 協(xié)會協(xié)會; 研究院研究院= I dont know.宇航員宇航員欣賞欣賞; 欽佩欽佩Answer key for Exercise 2:Main Idea: It is about the role of Qian Xuesen in the development of space technology in China.1. What did Qian Xuesen study first?2. What experience did he get in America that was very use

6、ful for China?3. What was Qian Xuesens main achievement when he returned to China?3 QuestionsHe first studied at university to be an engineer.Work on rocketHe began his institute in China to designand build rockets to go into space.4 Fill in the chart. 1. Chinese astronauts in space2. Chinese satell

7、ites in space1. become a rocket scientist2. be the first to land on mars and put Qian Xuesens picture thereA GREAT CHINESE SCIENTIST Father of the Chinese space programme Yu Ping is talking to her friend Steve Smith about Qian Xuesen and his work as a rocket scientist. Part 1Listening textYP: What d

8、o you want to be when you grow up, Steve? SS: I want to be an astronomer and visit stars. I wish to visit Mars one day.YP: I think Id like to work in the space industry too. Id like to be a rocket scientist like Qian Xuesen.SS: What did he have to do to become a rocket scientist?YP: Well, he first s

9、tudied at university to be an engineer. Later he went to America to study for his doctors degree. It was then he began to work on rockets there.SS: So it was lucky for our space programme that he came back to China.YP: Very much so. There was no work on space rockets in China before he began his ins

10、titute to design and build rockets to go into space. Part 2SS: Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of his rockets?YP: I have no idea but I believe he looked forward to the first space flight by a Chinese astronaut.SS: Yes. Now that China has sent satellites into space. I hope well be

11、the first to land on Mars. That would really be something special and if I were that astronaut I would put Qian Xuesens picture on Mars to show how much we admire his work.YP: Indeed. He is rightfully called the father of the Chinese space programme. He is my hero and he is why I want to be a rocket

12、 scientist.SS: Well, wed better get on with our homework. We need good grades to get into university.YP: Right you are. See you, then.SS: See you.SpeakingIn groups discuss a scientific job you might choose in the future. These questions may help you: What kind of scientific job do you want to do? Wh

13、at personality will be needed? What work experience would be useful? Why are you so interested in this job? What education will you need? How long will the training take? How will you prepare for this career?Theses expressions may help you:I always wanted tobecauseThe experience I will need is I nee

14、d to practise I think Im good at so I will need some training in I might find it difficult to My greatest problem will be to I will need to be/becomepatient, creative, hard-working, co-operative, confident, brave, positive, pleasant, polite, determined, energetic, strict with, MIKE: What do you want

15、 to do when you grow up?LI RU: I want to build robots. I will have to do a physics and mathematics degree in China. Sample conversation: After that I hope to go abroad to Reading University in England where you can study all about robots. There is a special cybernetics (控制論控制論) department there.MIKE

16、: What personality will be needed for that job?LI RU: They have a lot of uses: for example, in making cars on a production line or doing other repetitive jobs. MIKE: What personality will be needed for that job?LI RU: I think I need to be patient. For my ideas will take a long time to develop. I als

17、o need to be creative enough to have good ideas.MIKE: What experience will be most useful to you?LI RU: I think technology and engineering projects. I hope to work in a factory in my holidays.MIKE: What kind of person makes a good inventor?LI RU: I think someone who is happy to persevere at somethin

18、g and learns from his mistakes.MIKE: Thank you. I think designing robots sounds fun.Reading and Writing Nicolaus Copernicus born: in Poland in 1473 died : May 24, 1543 He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the

19、 universe and the earth and other planets went around it.Eight Planets in the Solar System Mercury MarsVenusEarthJupiterSaturnUranusNeptuneor？CopernicusShowing Copernicus theory A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its cen

20、tre Before Copernicus theoryBirth: February 19, 1473 Death: May 24, 1543 Place of Birth: Toru, Poland Career: 1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Krakw Academy 1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna Brief Introduction of Copernicus1514 Wrote Commentariolus, an outlin

21、e of his astronomical ideas, but did not circulate it widely 1543 Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial)Mind map of the textParagraph 1: the background of Copernicus studyParagraph 2: the cause of Copernicus studyParagraph 3: the procedure of Copernicus s

22、tudyParagraph 4: the result of Copernicus studyParagraph 5: Copernicus theory replaced the Christian idea and proved correct.1. At Copernicus time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries.2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appear in front of or behind t

23、he earth.3. Copernicus didnt show his new theory to his friends until he completed it.TFTTrue or False?4. His friends were not interested in his ideas.5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it. 6. Newton, Einstein,

24、and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe. FFTCareful readingRead the text carefully, then answer these questions.Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.2. What was his theory about? (Para 1) All his math

25、ematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.1. Why would he not tell about his theory? (Para 1)3. What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para

26、 2) They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.4. When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para 3)Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until h

27、e felt it was complete.5. How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars? When did he publish his idea? (Para 4)He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also

28、 suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round it and this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. He published it as he lay dying in 1543.6. Why do people think that there is a direct link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Ein

29、stein and Stephen Hawking?Because his theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the Universe. He showed this was obviously wrong.Summary Cop

30、ernicus was _ because he found theearth was not the centre of the solar _, only if you put the sun there did the _ of the other planets in the sky _. He kept improving his new theory until he felt it was _ in 1514. He suggested that the earth was _ as it went round the sun. confused systemmovementsm

31、ake sense .completedspinningHis friends were _ and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was _ he didnt want to be_ by Christian Church. In fact, he was right.The Church _ his theory, saying it was against Gods idea.enthusiasticcautiousattackedrejectedBruno was born five years after Co

32、pernicusdied. He stuck to the Sun-centered Theory, which was against the Churchs will. In 1600, he was burnt to death.1. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. 雖然他曾經(jīng)試著不去理睬那些數(shù)字，然而雖然他曾經(jīng)試

33、著不去理睬那些數(shù)字，然而他所有的數(shù)學計算都得出同樣一個結(jié)論：他所有的數(shù)學計算都得出同樣一個結(jié)論：地球不是太陽系的中心。地球不是太陽系的中心。Language Points lead to 引起引起; 造成造成; 導致導致This will probably lead to trouble in the future.This led to his conclusion that she was guilty.Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.All roads lead to Rome.條條大道通羅馬。條條大道通羅馬

34、。The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caughtClead to + ndoing2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中只有你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。其他行

35、星的運動才能說得清楚。“only + 副詞副詞/介詞短語介詞短語/狀語從句狀語從句” 位于句首位于句首, 句子要倒裝。句子要倒裝。=The movements of the other planets in the sky make sense only if you put the sun there. Only if your identity has been checked,_. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed inDOnly then

36、 did I realize the importance of knowledge. Only in this way can we work out themaths problem. Only when _ the truth, _ to realize that she was wrong. A. did Mary hear; did she begin B. Mary hear; she began C. did Mary hear;she began D. Mary heard; did she beginDonly if 只有只有; 只要只要The company will su

37、cceed only if it have sufficient backing. If only he comes early. 如果如果就好了就好了Only if the teacher gives a permission can I enter the lab.make sense 有意義有意義, 有道理有道理, 說得通說得通1) What you say makes no sense. 2) It would make sense to leave early. 3) Can you make sense of this poem?你說的話沒有道理。你說的話沒有道理。還是早點走好。還

38、是早點走好。(明智的明智的, 合理的合理的)你看得懂這首詩嗎？你看得懂這首詩嗎？(理解或弄懂理解或弄懂)1)表示對過去的某種情況進行猜測，或表示對過去的某種情況進行猜測，或本來要做某事卻因某種原因未做成，通常本來要做某事卻因某種原因未做成，通常用來說明某一情況，但不象用來說明某一情況，但不象should或或ought to 那樣含有責備之意。如：那樣含有責備之意。如：would have done3. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punishe

39、d him for even suggesting such an idea.I guess the poet would have been about 20 when she wrote the poem. Another worker wouldnt have acted like that. 2) 相關(guān)知識總結(jié)：相關(guān)知識總結(jié)：neednt have + 過去分詞，表示做了不必過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，譯為做的事，譯為“其實沒必要其實沒必要”should have + 過去分詞過去分詞, 表示應(yīng)該做某事表示應(yīng)該做某事但實際上未做但實際上未做, 譯為譯為“本應(yīng)該本應(yīng)該”should n

40、ot have + 過去分詞過去分詞, 表示本不應(yīng)該表示本不應(yīng)該做某事但實際上做了做某事但實際上做了, 譯為譯為“本不應(yīng)該本不應(yīng)該”4. work on 1) 從事從事She is working on a new novel.(= She is writing a new novel.)2) 繼續(xù)工作繼續(xù)工作Theyll work on till sunset.他們將繼續(xù)工作，直到日落。他們將繼續(xù)工作，直到日落。3) 致力于致力于He has been working on a new novel for over a year now.近一年多來，他一直在寫一部新小說。近一年多來，他一直在

41、寫一部新小說。6. enthusiastic: having or demonstrating enthusiasm adj. 熱心的，滿腔熱情的熱心的，滿腔熱情的enthusiastic support 熱情的支持熱情的支持 be enthusiastic about 對某事充滿熱情對某事充滿熱情5. complete vt. & adj. 完成；完整的，完成的完成；完整的，完成的 The workers havent completed the house yet. (vt.)When will the work be complete? (adj.)7. He placed a

42、fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上, 而行星而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn), 只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。with the planets going round it是是with + 賓語賓語 + 賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu), 在句中作狀語。這一在句中作狀語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作定語或狀語結(jié)構(gòu)

43、在句中常作定語或狀語, 作賓補的可以作賓補的可以是介詞短語、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞或是介詞短語、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞不定式等。現(xiàn)將其基本形式歸納如下：動詞不定式等。現(xiàn)將其基本形式歸納如下：(1) With + n./pron.+介詞短語介詞短語 He sat there with a smile on his face.(2) With + n./pron.+副詞副詞 With Mr. Smith away, weve got more room.(3) With + n./pron. +不定式不定式 With so much work to do, he could not go h

44、ome.(4) With + n./pron. +現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 The street was quiet with no buses running.(5) With + n./pron. +過去分詞過去分詞 In came a man with his hands tied back.(6) With + n./pron.+形容詞形容詞 He wore a shirt, with the neck open, showing his bare chest.If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory

45、for so many years? As a scientist, one should be brave. But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. So he had hidden his theory for so many years. What do you think of this? Agree:1. He was cautious. If he had published his ideas, he would have been killed just as Bruno who

46、was burned to death because his theory was against the Christian Church.2. Every time when a new idea appears, there are always rejections. Its normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth.3. It made no sense for him to publish his theory in a hurry. He was just cautious not a coward. He should protect himself first.Disagree:1. Copernicus was very coward. He should speak out his discovery and let the world know the truth earlier.2. Scie