1、語法精講語法精講Unit 5 Definition of modal verbs望文生義，情態動詞表示說話人對某一動作和狀態的情感態度和語氣, 表示“需要、應當、可以、必須等。Kind of modal verbs原形原形過去式過去式詞義詞義canmaymustwill shallcould能；能夠might 無wouldshould可以；可能必須；一定是將(要)；愿意應該無需要；必要daredhad to無無敢；敢于不得不；必須應該過去常常原形原形過去式過去式詞義詞義needdarehave toought to used toLeading-inMay we ask what youre

2、doing in this country and what your plans are?I cant say that I have any plans.You mustnt worry about that.Could you offer me work here?Read the sentences below and think about:What are the functions and meanings of these modal verbs?may / mightmust / have toshall / shouldwill / wouldought toneed /

3、darecan / couldMindmap of the modal verbs modal verbsModal verbs have many functions, including the following (A-F). A. necessity B. possibility C. obligation D. request E. advice F. intentionUnderline the modal verbs in the following sentences and understand its definition and functions.Functions o

4、f modal verbs1.Roderick: Young man, would you step inside a moment, please ? (表_)2.Rodercik: If you dont mind, may I ask you how much money you have ? (表_)3.Henry: It may seem lucky to you. Now if youll excuse me, I ought to be on my way. (表_) (表_)4.Roderick: You mustnt think we dont care about you.

5、 (表_)_ 委婉請求委婉請求推測委婉請求推測_ _ _ _ 5.May you have good journey! (表_)Summary: 情態動詞表示_，_、_、建議、意愿、禁止等。委婉請求祝愿推測_ 祝愿We use modal verbs to talk about A. ability or will（能力或意愿）（能力或意愿） B. prohibition（禁止）（禁止）C. making suggestions（建議）（建議）D. certainty or inference（可能性或推斷）（可能性或推斷）E. politeness or euphemism（客氣或委婉）（客

6、氣或委婉）F. obligations or expectations（義務或預期）（義務或預期）1can和和could (1)表示能力，常譯為“_” 例如： I can speak Japanese。but I cant write it我會說日語，但是不會寫 (2)表示允許，常譯為“_”；could還可以表示更加委婉地請求或許可例如： 一CanCould I have a look at your photos?我可以看看你的照片嗎? 一Of course you can當然可以了。 You can smoke in this room.你可以在這間屋子里吸煙。能，會 可以 (3)表示對現

7、在或過去情況的_，只用_或_中例如： 一Can she be in the classroom?她可能在教室嗎? 一NO，she cant be in it不，她不可能在教室里。 Can what he said be true?他說的可能是真的嗎? (4)用于肯定的陳述旬中，表示理論上或習慣上的可能性。例如： Accidents can happen at any time事故隨時會發生 It could be very interesting to go out for a drive出去開車兜風可能會很有趣 (could比can的可能性小)推測 疑問句否定句 辨析辨析 can(could

8、)/be able to(1)can只有_時和_時could而be able to則有更多的時態變化，在將來時，完成時和非謂語動詞中只能用be able to。(2)can一般指_。而be able to則表示經過一段時間的_后所具有的能力，相當于_或succeed in doing。例如：This time l failed in the exam, but I11 be able to pass the exam next time這次我考試不及格但下次我能考試及格 (經過努力)現在 過去自身具有的能力努力 manage to do2.maymight(1)表示許可或征詢對方許可，常譯成“

9、_”。表示征詢許可時，may 可與cancould換用might比may的語氣更委婉一些對其一般疑問句的肯定回答可用_或_否定回答時要用_或_表示“不可以”“禁止”之意例如： You may go home now現在你可以回家了 一May 1 come in? 我可以進來嗎?一Yes，you _.進來。一No, you _你不能?？梢?maymustntcant canmustntmaycanmustntcant (2)may常用于祈使句中表示_例如： May you succeed!祝你成功! May God bless you l!愿上帝保佑你!(3)表示對現在或過去情況的推測，一般只用

10、于肯定句中，may not表示“_”之意。might比may可能性小 He may be very busy now他現在可能很忙 一Why hasnt he come?他為什么還沒來? 一He may have missed the train.他可能沒趕上火車吧祝愿 可能不3will /would(1)表示請求、建議，用于第_人稱疑問勻中would比will語氣更委婉。例如： Will you call back laterplease?請過一會兒再打過來好嗎? Would you like a cup of coffee?你想來杯咖啡嗎?(2)表示意志、愿望和決心，有“_”之意would

11、表示過去的_和_。例如： I will do my best to help you我愿盡我最大努力幫助你(3)表示習慣性動作或某種傾向。would表示過去習慣性的動作或傾向第二 愿；要意愿決心3will /would Oil will float on water油總是浮在水上 On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess 以前每到星期天他總是到公園去下棋 (4)(表示功用或能力)能。 The room will seat 100 persons 這個屋子能坐下100人。 The door wont open這門打不開Exercise: 用用

12、may, might, can, could 填空填空1. They (can/might) _be away for the weekend but Im not sure.(表_)2. You (may/might) _leave now if you wish.(表_)3. (could/may) _ you open the window a bit, please?(表_)4. He (can/could) _be from America, judging by his accent.(表_)5. (may/can) _ou swim?(表_)might 推測許可請求能力能力may

13、could could can Exercise: 用用may, might, can, could 填空填空6. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) _ speak during this exam.(表_) 7. They (can not/may not) _ still be out, the light is on in the house.(表_)8. You (couldnt/might not) _smoke on the bus.(表_)9. With luck, tomorrow (can/could) _be a cooler

14、day.(表_)10. You (can/might) _ be right, but Im going back to check it.(表_)may not 不允許推測，不可能can not couldnt 許可could 推測might推測4shallshould (1)shall用于_、_人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請示。例如： What shall we do this evening?我們今晚干什么呢? When shall he be able to leave the hospital?他什么時間能離開醫院? (2)shall用于_、_人稱，表示說話人給對方

15、命令、警告、允諾或威脅。例如： You shall fail if you dont work hard如果你不努力學習你會考試不及格 (警告) You shall not leave your post你不得離開崗位。(命令)第二 第二第三第一 He shall have the book when I finish reading it 當我讀完這本書時他可以拿走 (允許) He shall be punished他將受到懲罰 (威脅)(3)should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是_；在疑問句中，通常用should代替ought to，意為“應該”。(還常用于虛擬語氣中) 例如： Yo

16、u shouldnt have left so soon. 你不應當走得這么早 Sal suggested that we should go for a swim 薩爾建議我們去游泳ought to (4)should表示推測，可能。這種推測往往有一定的根據。含有“按道理應當”之意。例如： They should be at home by now for they have been away for two hours現在他們該到家了，因為他們離開兩個小時了 If the train is on time，she should arrive in Beijing by seven如果火車

17、準點的話，她應該7點前到達北京。 5mustcant(1)must表示“_”用于一般疑問句中，肯定回答用_。否定回答要用_或_。例如： _ we hand in our exercise today?我們必須今天上交練習嗎? Yes, you_是的，你們必須。 一No, you _不，你們不必。(2)mustnt表示“_”。例如： You mustnt lend the new book to others你不許把這本新書借給別人。必須；必要 mustdont have toMust mustntmustneedntdont have to不允許；禁止 5mustcant(3)有時must表示

18、“偏要；硬要；偏偏”，指做令人不快的事情。例如： Must you shout so loudly? 你非要這么大聲嚷嚷嗎?(4)must表示推測時。只能用于肯定句，意為“_”。作此解時，must的否定形式不是mustnt而是_。例如： 一I think the news _true 我想這個消息一定是真的 一No，it _ true不，它肯定不是真的。一定；肯定 cant/couldntmust becant beExercise: 用用will, would, shall, should, must 填空填空1. We _ smoke here, because the worker is

19、 carrying some petrol.(表_)2. It is dangerous. You _ leave the room immediately. (表_)3. He _ go hiking with friends at weekends when young. (表_)4. Write to me when you get home. -I _.(表_)mustnt禁止建議，命令would意愿should過去習慣will Exercise: 用用will, would, shall, should, must 填空填空5. -Need I hand in my exercise

20、 book at once? -Yes, you_.(表_)6. You have been working all day. You _be very tired. (表_)7. It is a long time since we met last time. You _ come and see us more often.(表_)8. Why dont you try on this dress? It _ look nice on you.(表_)must 必須推測must should 建議will將會 6need(1) 用作情態動詞, need意為“_”, 一般用于否定句或疑問句

21、中。疑問句中把need提前, 否定形式是在need后加not。 You neednt come here this afternoon. 你今天下午不必來。(2) 用作實意動詞, 意為“需要, 有必要”, 可以用于各種句式中。 You dont need to go now. 你不必現在就走。需要, 有必要 7dare(1) dare作情態動詞時, 常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為_。 How dare you say Im unfair? 你怎么敢說我不公平? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 他不敢在

22、這么多人面前說英語, 是嗎? (2)dare作實義動詞用時, 有人稱、時態和數的變化。在肯定句中, dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中, dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。 He doesnt dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。dared Exercise: 用用need, dare 填空填空1.Must I stay here? No, you _. 2.You _not be told twice about one single thing.3.Sarah doesnt _ hand in her task right now.4.How _you

23、fight against him? 5.No one _say he had nothing on.6.I _ to swim across this riverneednt needdareneed daredare8.情態動詞情態動詞+have done (1)can(could)+have done的疑問或否定形式表示對_發生的行為的_或_，另外could have done還表示“_”。例如： He cantcouldnt have finished so much work in so short a time 他不可能在這么短的時間內完成如此多的工作。 Where cancoul

24、d they have gone? 他們會到哪去了呢? We could have gone there on footA taxi wasnt necessary at a11 本來我們可以走著去那兒根本沒有必要乘出租車過去 懷疑 否定 過去本能夠做，但實際上未做 (2)may(might)+have done表示對過去所發生事情的推測，表示 “_”。例如： He may have said so他可能這么說過。 That was too dangerous。You might have killed yourself那太危險了。你當時可能會喪命的 (3)should+have done表示

25、過去 “_”，而shouldnt+have done表示過去 “_” You should have started earlier你本應該早點動身。 You shouldnt have lent him money yesterday 可能做過. 本應該做而實際上未做本不應潑做但實際上做了 (4)must+have done表示對過去發生情況的肯定推測， 表示 “_” 例如： It must have rained last night昨晚肯定下雨了一定做過. In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a

26、 foreign country without money and friend and with nowhere to stay. While this situation _ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travelers. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what _ you do? First, and most importantly, you _ stay calm. Fear _ cause you to become confused. You need to thi

27、nk clearly. Second, you should go to your nearest consulate. They _ be able to help to some extent. Third, you _ do well to check with some local charities. They _ offer help to travelers in need. Fourth, you _ avoid getting into trouble. You _ think that stealing some money or food would help you, but you should not