1、狀語從句本質 用不同的連接詞將主句與一個或幾個分句連接起來，以表達主句與分句之間的邏輯關系。連接詞主句分句邏輯關系時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、比較、方式時間狀語從句用來說明主句動作與從句動作發生時間上的先后關系類型常用連接詞特殊連接詞重點間語句 時狀從when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as名詞：the moment, the instant, the minute, the day, next time, everytime副詞：instantly, immediately, directly連

2、詞：no sooner than, Hardly , when, scarcely, when主句從句的時態拾 配，延續性動詞與非延 續性動詞的區別1. when引導的時間狀語從句可以理解為"當”的時候”辨析The performer will already have played the music when we get there.The performer will be playing the music when we get there.是否可以用while來替換？It is challenging for a company to remain internatio

3、nally competitive while the global economics are receding.when, while, as用法的區別when相當于at that time ,引導的狀語從句中謂語動詞可以是延續性的也可以是非延續性的 while, as相當于during that time,引導的狀語從句中謂語動詞通常是延續性的 隨著英特網變得日益商業化，網絡的使用對商人們非常有利。As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to unive

4、rsalize access.公司很難在經濟衰退的環境下保持自身的國際競爭力。It is challenging that commercial organizations remain globally competitive, while the economics is receding.2. before, after引導的時間狀語從句before可理解為在”之前，after可理解為在”之后 主從句時態可明顯體現動作的先后順序We should do everything for what we want before it is getting too late.He had nev

5、er gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for 20 dollars worth of gambling.3. since, until引導的時間狀語從句用since弓I導先發生主句中的動作從句中的動作先發生并且一直持用until引導后發生且非延續(1) since從句中的非延續性動詞可以表示一個時間點。I have worked in this company since I graduated.He has written to me since I fell ill.而由since引導的狀語從句中如果出現延續性動詞的一般過去式，表示該

6、狀態結束的時間點I have worked in this company since I was a student.He has written to me since I was ill辨析He hasn ' t contacted me since I worked in that company.He hasn ' t contacted me since I have worked in that comply.since引導定語從句中謂語動詞是延續性的，那么一般過去時表示動作結束的時間點，完成 時表示動作開始的時間點。(2) until狀態+until+時間點狀態

7、可以用延續動詞表示，非延續動詞的否定形式表示。He had to stay abroad until the World War II came to the end.He couldn ' return his homeland until the World War II came to the end. notuntil結構常用的否定詞還包括 never, hardly, scarcely, rarelynot until 正常結構Ice cream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth ce

8、ntury. until置于句首Until about the middle of the eighteenth century, ice cream did not reach America.notuntil置于句首(倒裝)Not until the 1982 Convention was adopted, could the argument be made that there existed adequate and comprehensive maritime treaty law as such for the larger part of the world community

9、.4. 表示“一,就,”的結構(1)引導詞as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute從句動作先于主句動作no sooner than., hardlywhen,scarcelywhen主句動作先于從句動作It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.5. 其他短語引導的時間狀語從句介詞短語 at the time, during the time, by the time其中by the time常與過

10、去完成時與將來完成時連用He had already left by the time they arrived.He will already left by the time they arrive.名詞短語 next time, every time, the day, for the first timeIn the classic children' s tale, the puppet Pinocchio' s nose grows longer every time he tells alie.The first time I can actually remem

11、ber hearing it in public anyway, was when Prince Charles was leaving Australia by boat.二地點狀語從句1 弓丨導詞 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhereWhere they occur, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form.Everywhere they appeared, there were ovations.2 wherever引導地點狀語從句表達一種

12、強調的語氣，要與讓步狀語從句進行語義上的區分Wherever your school is located, you will be met by the Foreign Affairs Officer at the final point of the journey.Where there is a will, there is a way.A driver should slow down where there are schools.People prefer to work where they can fully display their talents.三原因狀語從句廣 連詞

13、 because, for, as, since< 介詞 because of, due to, owing to表原因可以表示原因，但不能做從句連接詞< 其他 in thatsee ing (that), now (that),con sideri ng(that), given (that)not that butthat in asmuch as, in somuch as, in as much as1 because, for, as, since(1) because語氣最強，只有because才能回答 why的提問，只有because才能用only, just, pe

14、rhaps 修飾Perhaps because most of today' s cross-cultural marriages occur because of “ true love” , these couples work hard to overcome their difference.because的否定轉移主句是否定的情況下，because引導的從句可能是按正常情況理解即否定主句謂語， 也可能是按否定轉移來理解(否定從句)，具體如何理解要結合上下問進行語義分析。He doesn' t exercise because he likes to.A. He lik

15、es to exercise by himself.B. He exercises for reasons other than enjoyment.C. He ' s glad he doesn ' t have to exercise.D. He doesn ' t have enough time to exercise.In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor because she had more re

16、aders was Ella Wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.(2) as, since, for語氣較弱，常用來表示眾所周知顯而易見的原因。其中for不能用于句首。As Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be closed.It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.Since you are an English major, I guess you can help me

17、with this sentence.since常譯成 既然”，放在句首，for則不用于句首。2 because of, due to, owing to引導的表示原因的短語介詞短語后面只能接名詞或名詞性短語，不能引導從句 其中owing to常置于句首，due to則不能置于句首We had an accident because he was careless.We had an accident due to his careless.Owing to his careless we had an accident.because of依然遵循否定轉移的規律The conference

18、'purpose is to demonstrate that we' reall continuing to focus on the economy as the president promised to do when he came into office and that means not sitting around and patting yourself on the back because of the unemployment and inflation rates being low.It has long since been satisfacto

19、rily established that a high executive does not have a large vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of his position.3復合連詞表示原因 in that引導的從句放在主句后，而起主句通常在做比較English has an advantage over most of the other languages in that it has become, so to speak, an international language.E-mail is differen

20、t from the traditional mail in that it sends and receives mails in a second. Mercury differs from other industrial metals in that it is a liquid.seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), given (that)用法與意義都與since相似，都有“鑒于某個事實”的含義They did the job very well, considering that they had no experience.

21、 Given that they are inexperienced, they' ve done a good job.not that but that不是因為，而是因為，I haven ' t finished the report yet, not that I ' m lazy, but that I have no time.inasmuch as, insomuch as, in as much as, in so much as表示原因，常用于極為正式的場合 Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not

22、 reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.四目的狀語從句常用的連詞 so that, in order that, that其他連詞 lest, for fear that, in case in the hope that, on purpose that,1在so that, in ordfotthlP引導的目的狀語從句中常常含有情態動詞，如may/might, can/could, shouldFormer Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted

23、 as saying that the old and infirm “ havea duty to die and get out of the way” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.They carved the words on the stone so that/ in order that the future generation should remember what they had done.We climbed high （so） that we might get a better view.目的狀語從句一般位于主句后，但若要強調目的，也可提前。2. lest （以防），for fear th