1、Unit 1 “Weve Been Hit!”Words and Expressions1. lash vt. hit violently or suddenlye.g. The farmer lashed the mules with a stick. The waves lashed the shore.Collocation: lash out (at / against sb. / sth.) make a sudden violent attack with blows or wordsSynonym: whip, beat2. scoff vi. laugh (at)e.g. Al

2、l the students scoffed at the poor boys clothes. The disabled people are often scoffed. Derivation: scoffer n.Synonym: jeer, mock3. sway vi. move or swing from side to sidee.g. He swayed slightly, as if about to fall.他身子一歪，像要倒下。Synonym: swing, wave4. illusion n. sth. that deceives a person by seemin

3、g to be reale.g. The mirrors all round the walls give an illusion of greater space. I have no illusions about my ability. 我對自己的能力如何頗有自知之明。Derivation:illusive a. illusively ad.Collocation: be under the illusion that believe wrongly e.g. I was under the illusion that he was honest until he was caught

4、stealing some money. 他偷錢當場被人抓住，在此之前我一直誤以為他是個老實人。5. devastating a. completely destructivee.g. It is the most devastating flood in 100 years.Derivation: devastate vt. devastation n. Synonym: disastrous, destructive6. glance at look at sb. or sth. quickly, esp. by raising your eyes and then lowering th

5、em againe.g. The president glanced at the clock and announced that the meeting started.Comparison: gaze at, stare at, glare at, gape atgaze at look at sth. or sb. for a long time, for example, because they are beautiful or interesting, esp. without realizing that you are doing ite.g. The poet lay do

6、wn and gazed at the bright moon, missing his hometown.stare at deliberately look at sb. or sth. for a long time without moving your eyes, for example, because you are angry, shocked, or very interestede.g. Dont stare at people; its very rude.glare at look angrily at sb. for a long time without movin

7、g your eyese.g. The heroine stepped forward bravely and glared at the enemy.女英雄挺身而出，以仇恨的目光瞪著敵人。7. purgatory n. a place or condition of great sufferinge.g. The devastating earthquake changed peoples home into a purgatory. Synonym: torture, plagueDerivation: purgatorial a. 8. dilemma n. a situation in

8、 which it is very difficult to decide what to do, because all of the possible courses of action seem equally good or equally bade.g. The only way out of this dilemma is to cooperate within the group. 面對這樣的兩難境地，唯一的出路就是在團隊內合作。Collocation: in a dilemmae.g. Mary was in a dilemma whether to marry or cont

9、inue her study.Synonym: quandary, predicament9. confusion n. a very disorganized situation usually with lots of noise, in which a lot of things are happening at the same time, so that it is difficult to understand or controle.g. The enemys unexpected attack threw them into total confusion.敵人的突然進攻使他們

10、完全不知所措。Comparison: disorder, chaosdisorder n. a situation in which things or people are not in the correct position, place, or order, so that they are unable to control or organizee.g. The Civil War came at the end of a long period of social disorder.chaos n. a situation that is full of disorder and

11、 is completely out of controle.g. The thieves left the house in chaos. 小偷走后房屋中一片凌亂。Derivation: confused a. confuse vt.10. transfern. a change from one place to anothere.g. The headmaster arranged for his transfer to another school. 校長安排他轉到另一個學校。vt. move sth. / sb. from one place to anothere.g. The h

12、ead office has been transferred from London to New York. 總部已由倫敦遷至紐約。Synonym: remove, hand overDerivation: transferable a.11. reassuring a. making sb. feel less worried or frightenede.g. Before commencing the performance, she gave me a reassuring smile. The President gave a reassuring speech about th

13、e future of the country. Derivation:reassurance n.reassure vt.reassuringly ad. Antonym: threatening, discouraging12. panic vt. be suddenly frightened by sth.e.g. The firecrackers panicked the chicks. The shot panicked all the customers in the restaurant. n. a sudden strong feeling of fear or nervous

14、nessCollocation: panic sb. into doing sth. make sb. do sth. unwise or hasty because of panic e.g. The banks were panicked into selling sterling. 銀行因恐慌而拋售英國貨幣。Synonym: dread, terror, fear14. descent n. the act or process of going downe.g. The wild goose began its descent into the West Lake.Synonym: d

15、ecline, subsidenceAntonym: ascent15. stoop vi. bend downe.g. The policeman stooped to pick up a lost gun in the room. Collocation: stoop (down) to pick sth. up stoop so low (as to do sth.): lower ones moral standards so far (as to do sth.) e.g. He tried to make me accept a bribe I hope I would never

16、 stoop so low. 他想讓我接受賄賂希望我決不至于做出這種低級的事。Antonym: straighten (up)16. collapse vi. (break into pieces and) fall down suddenly because of a weakness in the structure, or because of a sudden violent forcee.g. The heavy storm caused the hovel to collapse.Synonym: break down, crumble17. sap vt. weaken slow

17、lye.g. They were traveling very slowly, and the heavy load they were carrying sapped their strength.e.g. The constant tension was sapping my energy.Synonym: weaken, exhaust, drainCollocation:sap up on sb. beat up sb. 18. persuade vt. convince sb.e.g. King Lear was completely persuaded by his elder daughters honeyed words. She persuaded her father to change his mind. Derivation: persuasion n. persuasive a.Collocation: persuad