1、|Youhavetobelieve,thereisaway.Theancientssaid:thekingdomofheavenistryingtoenter.Onlywhenthereluctantstepbysteptogotoitstime,mustbemanagedtogetonestepdown,onlyhavestruggledtoachieveit.-GuoGeTech托福寫作輔導(dǎo)材料托福作文任務(wù)描述：托福作文要求參加考試者在 30 分鐘內(nèi)進(jìn)行審題、寫作和檢查等。寫作的字?jǐn)?shù)為 220 至 300字。分?jǐn)?shù)段：0 分，1 分，1.5 分，2 分，2.5 分，3 分，3.5 分，4 分

2、，4.5 分，5 分，5.5 分，6 分。寫作要求：6 分：Demonstrateclearcompetenceinwritingonboththerhetoricalandsyntacticlevels,thoughitmayhaveoccasionalerrors.能展示出較高的寫作能力，在修辭和句法等方面達(dá)到定的水平，文章允許出現(xiàn)個(gè)別錯(cuò)誤。Effectivelyaddressesthewritingtask 文章切題，觀點(diǎn)明確；Wellorganizedandwelldeveloped 段落組織有序，合理展開說(shuō)明；Usesclearappropriatedetailstosupporta

3、thesisorillustrateideas 使用正確的事例支持論點(diǎn)或說(shuō)明觀點(diǎn)；Displaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage 能夠流暢地，連貫地使用語(yǔ)言Demonstratesyntacticvarietyandappropriatewordchoice.句式多樣，用詞準(zhǔn)確。5 分：Demonstratecompetenceinwritingonboththerhetoricalandsyntacticlevels,thoughitwillprobablyhaveoccasionalerrors 在修辭、句法方面有定的表達(dá)能力，但文章偶然會(huì)有錯(cuò)誤。

4、mayaddressessomepartsofthewritingtaskmoreeffectivelythanothers 能有效地按照要求協(xié)作，但某些部分有欠缺；generallywellorganizedandwelldeveloped 段落組織基本有序，合理展開說(shuō)明；Usescleardetailstosupportathesisorillustrateanideas 能使用事例支持論點(diǎn)或說(shuō)明觀點(diǎn)；Displaysfacilityintheuseoflanguage 展現(xiàn)出語(yǔ)言的使用能力；Demonstratesomesyntacticvarietyandrangeofvocabula

5、ry.有些句式和詞匯的變化。4 分：demonstrateminimalcompetenceinwritingonboththerhetoricalandsyntacticallevels 展示出一些寫作能力修辭與句法能力一般。AddressesthewritingtopicadequatelybutmayslightlypartsofthetaskIsadequatelyorganizedanddevelopedUsessomedetailstosupportathesisorillustrateanideaDemonstrateadequatebutpossiblyinconsistent

6、facilitywithsyntaxandusageMaycontainsomeerrorsthatoccasionallyobscuremeaning3 分：demonstratesomedevelopingcompetenceinwriting,butitremainsflawedoneithertherhetoricalorsyntacticallevel,orboth.InadequateorganizationordevelopmentInappropriateorinsufficientdetailstosupportorillustrategeneralizationsAnoti

7、ceableinappropriatechoiceofwordsorwordformsAnaccumulationoferrorsinsentencestructureand/orusage.2 分：suggestsincompetenceinwritingSeriousdisorganizationorunderdevelopmentLittleornodetail,orirrelevantspecificsSeriousandfrequenterrorsinsentencestructureorusageSeriousproblemswithfocus1 分：demonstrateinco

8、mpetenceinwritingMaybeincoherentMaybeunderdevelopedMaycontainsevereandpersistentwritingerrors評(píng)分：TWE 一般由兩個(gè)人評(píng)判，取平均分。如上所述，托福作文的分?jǐn)?shù)是 0.5 分為一個(gè)晉級(jí)，只會(huì)出現(xiàn)幾點(diǎn)五分的情況。若兩個(gè)閱卷人的分?jǐn)?shù)差距在 2 分或大于 2 分時(shí)，則會(huì)有第三個(gè)平分人出現(xiàn)，例如前兩個(gè)的分?jǐn)?shù)分別為 3 分和 5 分，則會(huì)有另一個(gè)人來(lái)評(píng)卷。托福作文范圍和類型托福作文的范圍相對(duì)固定，每年 ETS 都會(huì)在網(wǎng)站上公布其更新過(guò)的寫作題目范圍。參加考試者可以參考這些題目進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備。現(xiàn)在我們看到的一共有 185

9、 個(gè)題目。類型：根據(jù)這些題目我們大致可以將它們分成 5 種類型。（一）對(duì)立式觀點(diǎn)例 1:Somepeopleliketoworkorstudyatnight;othersliketoworkorstudyduringtheday.Whichdoyoupreferworkorstudyatnightorduringtheday?Givespecificreasonsandexamplestoillustrateyouranswer.例2:Somehighschoolsrequireallstudentstowearuniforms;otherhighschoolspermitstudentsto

10、choosetowhattowearintheschool.Whichofthesetwoschoolpoliciesdoyouthinkisbetter?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoillustrateyouranswer.（二）單一性觀點(diǎn)例 1:Doyouagreeordisagreefollowingstatement:peopleshouldalwaysshowtheirstrongemotions（suchasexcitement,anger,orjoy）.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswe

11、r.例 2:Schoolsshouldaskstudentstoevaluatetheirteachers.Doyouagreeordisagree?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.（三）選擇性觀點(diǎn)例1:Peoplehavedifferentwaysofescapingthestressanddifficultiesofmodernlife.Someread;someexercise;othersworkintheirgardens.Whatdoyouthinkarethebestwaysofreducingstress?例2:

12、Ifyouwereaskedtosendonethingrepresentingyourcountrytoaninternationalexhibition,whatwouldyourchoose?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyouranswer.（四）對(duì)比類例1:Acompanyhasannouncedthatitwishestobuildalargefactorynearyourcommunity.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisnewinfluenceonyourcommunity.

13、Doyousupportoropposethefactory?Explainyourposition.例 2:Whenpeoplemovetoanothercountry,someofthemdecidedtofollowthecustomsofthenewcountry;othersprefertokeeptheirowncustoms.Comparethesetwochoices.Whichonedoyouprefer?Supportyouranswerwithspecificdetails.（五）列舉論證類例 1:Whataresomeofthequalitiesofagoodparen

14、t?Usespecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.例 2:Whatchangeswouldyoumakeyourhometownmoreappealingtopeopleofyourage?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.相對(duì)應(yīng)的作文類型的開頭(introduction)這些開頭非常典型，如果你沒(méi)有更好的開頭就將這樣的開頭背誦下來(lái)，一定能在遇到這類題目時(shí)寫得飛快。(一)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)文章的開頭，1.Itistruethatsomepeopleholdtheopinion(1)tha

15、tworkingorstudyingatnightiseffective.Othersbelieve(2)thatworkingorstudyingduringthedayhasmoreadvantages.Ireckontheybothhavetheirstrongreasonsontheirarguments.AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/thelatterwouldbemorepreferablethanthelatter/theformer.同義詞/詞組(1) havethepointofviewthat,holdtheideathat,supportth

16、eideathat,votefortheopinionthat,donotdoubtthat,liketochoosedoingsomething,prefertobelievethat,tendtothinkthat,givetheirtheviewthat,sticktothebeliefthat,standbehindtheideathat(2) believe,argue,claim,deem,suggest,reckon,see,debate,proclaim,consider,emphasize,advocate,promote,feel,consent,assume,think以

17、上這兩組詞和詞匯都是引出觀點(diǎn)常用的詞組，他們可以用于文章的開頭也，可以用于文章的中間和結(jié)尾部分。請(qǐng)大家熟練地掌握，自如運(yùn)用，大膽運(yùn)用。(3) itiswisertochoosethantochoose.(4) Itisadvisabletoadvocatethantosupport.(5) Itismoresagacioustochoosethantochoose.2.Therearedifferentviewsconcerning/considering/regarding/abouttheaboveissue.Some.Others.Buttheadvantages/merits/stro

18、ngpointsofAaremoreobviousthanthoseofB.3.Nowhereintheworldhastheissueofbeensomuchdebated/discussed/argued/likeinoursociety/country.Some.Others.ButtheadvantagesofAaremoreobviousthanthoseofB.4.Neverintheworldhastheissue/problem/question/ofbeensomuchdebated/discussed/arguedlikeinourtime.Some.Others.Butt

19、headvantagesofAaremoreobviousthanthoseofB.5.Therearedifferentviewsconcerning/considering/regarding/abouttheaboveissue.Some.Others.But,inmypart/asforme/astome,personally,wouldliketogivemysupportto.(二)單一性觀點(diǎn)文章的開頭：其實(shí)，單一性觀點(diǎn)可以變成類似于對(duì)立性觀點(diǎn)，所以可以應(yīng)用對(duì)立性觀點(diǎn)的辦法來(lái)開頭。我們以例子中的第一個(gè)題目為例。開頭：1.Asfortheabovestatement,somepeop

20、lewouldsaythatpeopleshouldalwaysshowtheirstrongemotionssuchasexcitement,anger,orjoy;others,Iguess,wouldprobablyopposethatopinion.Asformypart,Iwoulddeemthatpeopleshouldnotalwaysshowtheirstrongemotions.Thereasonsarepresentedfollows.（把單一觀點(diǎn)變成對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)，然后表明自己的立場(chǎng)）as2.Althoughmanypeopledebatethatpeopleshouldalw

21、aysshowtheirstrongemotionssuchasexcitement,anger,orjoy,somepeoplewoulddoubtthatitisagoodmannertoalwaysshowtheirstrongemotions.Ipersonallyagreewiththelatter.（把單一觀點(diǎn)變成對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)，然后表明自己的立場(chǎng)）3.Itisnotadvisabletoalwaysshowonesstrongemotionssuchasexcitement,anger,orjoy.Peopleshouldsometimesrestrictthemselves,notl

22、etthemgoatanytime.Myargumentwoulddefinitelyconvincesomethemtocontrolthematsomeoccasions.（首先否定，然后表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，用另外一種方法解釋）4.Itistruethatpeopleareofmanystrongemotions.Butadecentpersonwouldnotalwaysshowhisstrongfeelingssuchasexcitement,anger,orjoy.Doyouwantotherpeopleregardyouasarudeguy?Ofcoursenot.（換種反面說(shuō)法）5.

23、Idonotthinkthemajoritycanaccepttheideathatpeopleshouldalwaysshowtheirstrongemotionssuchasexcitement,anger,orjoy.Iamoneofthem.（直接反對(duì)，用拉幫結(jié)派的方式，不使自己孤立）（三）選擇性觀點(diǎn)文章開頭選擇性觀點(diǎn)文章的開頭也可以利用對(duì)立性觀點(diǎn)文章的開頭。1.Everyonehashisstressinmodernlife.Differentpeoplehavediversewaystogetridoftheirstress.Someread,someexercise,andoth

24、ersworkintheirgardens.Frommyexperience,Iwouldrecommendpeopleshakeofftheirstressinthefollowingways.（戈 U線部分就是一種轉(zhuǎn)換）2.Eachandeverycountryhassomeuniquethingstorepresentitsownfeatures.IfIwereaskedtoselectonethingtorepresentmytoaninternationalexhibition,Iwouldchooseaterra-cottawarriorunearthedfromthetombof

25、QinShihuang,thefirstemperorofChina,thefirstrulerofQindynasty,2000yearsago.3.Therearemanythingsthatcanrepresentmycountry.IfIwereaskedtochooseonlyonething,Iwould,withouthesitation,recommendamodeloftheGreatWall.Whyisthat?YouwillseeasIexplainitasfollows.（四）對(duì)比性觀點(diǎn)1.Buildingalargefactorynearmycommunitywill

26、certainlybringalotofchangestothecommunity.Itdefinitelyhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Butfrommypointofview,Idonotthinkitisagoodidea.Iwouldliketosaythatitwouldtransformourcommunityinabadway.2.Althoughbuildingalargefactorynearmycommunitywould,inasense,havesomenegativeeffects,Iconsiderthatitwouldalsobenefitourcommunityinmanyways.Itwouldoff