1、初中英語定語從句講解一.定語從句及相關術語1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯詞成為關系詞 關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 關系副詞有where, when, why等。 關系詞常有3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔當一個成分。二.關系代詞引導的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語和賓語 (1) The boys who are playing football are from class one. (2)

2、 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.（3）The man who you met just now is my friend.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。 (1) Jim is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Jim is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my

3、friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時，相當于who 或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year is one million. (6) Where is

4、 the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose door is blue.whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be r

5、epaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句 1.關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關系代詞引導 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will

6、bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如

7、：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (對) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (錯)2. 若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關系代詞是所有格時用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (對) (2) The man with who/ that you tal

8、ked is my friend. (錯) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (對) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (錯)四關系副詞引導的定語從句1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.2

9、. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago is not here.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換 (1) The rea

10、son why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. 注意:關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"

11、;介詞+ which"結構交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？ 五、限制性定語從句只能用that 的幾種情況 1當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外

12、), few, all, none, little, some 等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時 (1) Have you taken down everything that Jim has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little that I can do for you

13、.注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.2. 當先行詞被序數詞修飾 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the big ben.3. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時 (1) This is the best film that i have seen.4. 當形容詞被the very, the only修飾時 (1) This is the very dictionary that I wa

14、nt to buy. (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5. 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the t-shirt that fits me most?6. 當先行詞

15、既有人，也有動物或者物體時 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?六、當先行次受such, the same修飾時，常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as 所引導的定語從句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that