1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上Unit One1. What does the “the icy defender” refer to?It refers to the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter. 2. What did Napoleon expect when he assembled his army to attack Russia?He expected the conquest of Russia in five weeks. 3. What did the Russians do in the face to Napoleons offensi

2、ve? What strategy did the Russians adopt?Instead of fighting, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. They let the Russian winter fight the war for them while they bided their time. 4. What did Napoleon discover after he occupied Moscow?Napoleon discovered that the occup

3、ation of the city was an empty victory because the Russians fled their capital leaving him almost nothing at all. 5. What happened to Napoleons army when it was retreating from Moscow?They suffered heavy losses as a result of the extreme cold and the Russians hit-and-run attacks. 6. What did Napoleo

4、n do when Paris was captured?Napoleon abdicated and went into exile. 7. When did Hitler begin his invasion of the Soviet Union? What tactics did he use? How long did he expect the campaign to last?Hitler began his invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 without a declaration of war. He expecte

5、d the campaign to last no longer than three months by using the so-called “lightning war” tactics. 8. Was Stalin prepared for Hitler's attack? What did he do in the face of the German invasion?No, he wasnt. He instructed the Russian people to “scorch the earth” in front of the German invaders. 9

6、. How did the people of Leningrad respond to the German attack？The people of Leningrad refused to surrender and put up a heroic, stiff resistance. 10. What slowed down the German advance on Moscow? What made the German offensive come to a halt?An early, severe, cold winter, to a large extent, slowed

7、 down the German advance on Moscow. 11. What was the significance of the battle of Stalingrad?The loss of the battle for Stalingrad turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over. 12. What conclusion does the author draw from Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns?The author conclu

8、des that the elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Unit 21. How important was the automobile industry in the twentieth century?The automobile industry ranked as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century.2. What will happen to cars and road

9、s in the twenty-first century?Cars and roads will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century. 3. Why does the author say the key to tomorrows “smart cars” will be sensors? Because it is sensors that will enable vehicles and roads to be able to see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act. 4. How would s

10、ensors help reduce traffic fatalities?Sensors can sense if a driver is drunk and refuse to start up the engine. 5. What is the function of the radars hidden in bumpers?The radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. If you make a serious driving mistake the computer will sound an immediat

11、e warning. 6. How will a smart car alert a driver who feels drowsy?If the drivers eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver. 7. What makes it possible for smart cars to determine their approximate location?GP

12、S makes it possible for smart cars to determine their location on the earth to within about a hundred feet. 8. What are the prospects for applications of GPS? With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. 9. What is “telematics” expected to

13、 achieve in increasing the efficiency and safety of highway transportation?It is expected to put smart cars on smart highways. 10. What are traffic engineers doing on Interstate 15 close to San Diego?They are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the “automated driver”. 11. What hop

14、es do promoters of the smart highway have for its future?They have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States. By 2020, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States. 12. What are t

15、he advantages of smart highways?Smart highways could be an environmental boon, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion. Unit 31. What is the writer according to what says at the beginning of the text?He runs a manufacturing com

16、pany. 2. What kind of answers did he get from the college graduate who wanted a job?Almost all of them were no. 3. What conclusion did the writer draw from the young applicants answers?This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified. 4. What is the first s

17、uggestion the writer gives to job applicants?Prepare to win. 5. What changes have taken place with employees since the writers college days？They now have to switch jobs frequently. 6. What example does the writer use in support of his second suggestion?A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work

18、on his weaknessbackhand court. 7. What is the writers third suggestion mainly concerned with?Believe in yourself, even when no one else does. 8. Why does the writer talk about the cabs in New York when he gives his fourth suggestion?Because he will mention a cab driver who is different. 9. What was

19、it about the cabdriver that particularly impressed the writer?His efforts to make a difference. 10. What made the writer travel with his mentor Curt Carlson in Carlsons jet and what happened on the day of departure?He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorm

20、s in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11. Why was Curt Carlson so happy when they were taxiing down the runway?Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there. 12. What point does the writer w

21、ant to make by talking about his mentor, Curt Carlson?Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants. Unit 4 1. What evidence does the author produce in support of his statement that America is not in decline?America still attracts millions of pe

22、ople, and people arent attracted to a place in decline. 2. What thesis does Paul Kennedy advance in his book The Rise and Fall of Great Powers? What does the author think of it? According to Paul Kennedy, America will, following historical precedents, inevitably decline. But the author disagrees. 3.

23、 What does the author mean by “a new Pacific civilization”? What does he think characterizes the new civilization? It means a mixture of Hispanic and Asian cultures linked through the most modern communication technologies. The new civilization is characterized by openness and pluralism.4. Why does

24、the author mention Los Angeles when he portraying the new civilization he envisage? He believes Los Angeles to be a premonition of the new Pacific civilization. 5. In what way does the change in the composition of LAs population anticipate the general trend in that of mankind?90 percent of the immig

25、rants to LA are from the Third World, and at the beginning of the 21st century 90 percent of the worlds populations will be dark-skinned. 6. What has made the personal computer company in Orange County highly successful? A fashion of traditional Third World cultures with the most modern mentalities

26、and technologies. 7. What is characteristic of the new relationship between development and underdevelopment? Cooperation and construction. 8. What is the difference between the Western and non-Western concepts of time? According to the author, Western time is organized by the clock. In non-Western

27、culture, time is a measure between events. 9. Who was Jose Vasconcelosz? What did he write about in the book mentioned in the text? He was a Mexican philosopher. In his book he dreamed of the possibility that in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. 10. What is the co

28、mmon aim that will harmonize competing cultures in a place? A better living standard and the chance to try. 11. In what way is the combination of culture and space important to immigrants to America? The culture allows one to try to be somebody. Space is significant not only in a geographical sense,

29、 but also in the sense of opportunities, of social mobility. 12. What does a person feel if he fails in a stagnant society? Why? This person will be discouraged and pessimistic, believing that the failure was determined by fate. Unit 51. Does the narrator think our first impressions of a person are

30、always right? Why or why not?No, he doesnt. Because his personal experience tells him this is wrong. 2. What was Edward Burton by profession? How did he look?He was a merchant and had been in business in Japan for many years. He was a tiny little fellow, not much more than five feet four in height,

31、and very slender, with white hair, a read face much wrinkled, and blue eyes. 3. What struck the narrator most about Edward Burton? Why?Edward Burton had done something the narrator could never have believed he would, unless he had heard the story from his own lips. Both in appearance and manner he s

32、uggested the type of character you would not associate with such an action. 4. Who was Lenny Burton? How did Edward Burton get to know him?Lennny Burton was a remittance man living in Japan. Edward Burton used to play bridge with him.5. What was Edward Burtons impression of Lenny?In his eyes, Lenny

33、was not a bad chap, and he liked him. 6. How did Lenny manage to support himself?He got from time to time, a bit of money from his family in London and made a bit more by card-playing. 7. Why did Lenny call at his namesakes office one day?He called at his namesakes office to ask for a job. 8. How di

34、d Edward respond to his request?Edward refused his request and humiliated him. 9. How did the response help to show him up in his true colors?The response showed that he was a cruel man because he even made fun of Lenny who was down and out instead of giving him help. 10. What idea did Edward think

35、of when Lenny begged again for a job?Edward asked Lenny to swim from the Shioya Club round the beacon and land at the creek of Tarumi. It was over three miles and rather difficult. 11. Why did Lenny hesitate before he agreed to do as he was told to?Because he knew that he was not in good condition a

36、nd might not make it. 12. When Edward set a condition for offering a job, was he aware Lenny would be drowned? How do you know?Yes. Because Edward said that he hadnt got a vacancy in his office when he set the condition. Unit 61. What did we use to expect from technology?We used to think that techno

37、logy would make our lives easier. 2. In what ways have inventions such as the motorcar and the aircraft brought us benefits? And what about the advent of washing machines?Inventions such as the motorcar and the aircraft have offered us unimaginable levels of personal mobility. Washing machines have

38、freed women from having to toil over the laundry. 3. What new burdens has technology produced apart from cramming work into our leisure time?According to the author, aside from following work to spread into our leisure time, technology has also added the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and

39、 voicemails. 4. How fast is information generated today as compared to a couple of centuries ago? A couple of centuries ago, nearly all the worlds accumulated learning could be contained in the heads of a few philosophers. Today, those heads could not hope to accommodate more than a tiny fraction of

40、 the information generated in a single day. 5. What is Edward Wilsons purpose in subscribing to sixty-odd journals and magazines?His purpose is to keep him up with what is going on in his specialized fieldentomology. 6. What gives rise to our discontent with super abundance?The confusion of endless choice gives rise to our discontent with super abundance. 7. Is everyone time-starved today? What percentage of the population is suffering under the stresses and strains of life today?No. About half the populations is suffering under the stresses and strains of life tod