1、介詞的用法1.表示地點位置的介詞1)at ,in, on, to, forat (1)表示在小地方;(2)表示 在附近，旁邊” in表示 在大地方；表示 在范圍之內”。 on表示毗鄰，接壤，在上面”。to表示在范圍外，不強調是否接壤；或 到”2)above, over, on 在上above指在上方，不強調是否垂直，與 below相對；over指垂直的上方，與under相對，但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river.He put h

2、is watch on the desk.3)below, under 在下面under表示在正下方below 表示在下，不一定在正下方There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.4)in front frantof, in the front of 在前面in front of 意思是 在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，兩者互不包括；其反義詞是behind (在的后面)。There are some flowers in front of the house.傳子前面有些花卉。)in the front

3、of意思是 在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的內部.反義詞是at the back of (在范圍內的后部)。There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我們的教室前邊有一塊黑板。Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.我們的老師站在教室前.(老師在教室里)5) beside, behindbeside 表示在 旁邊 behind 表示在 后面2 .表示時間的介詞1)in , on, at 在時in表示較長時間，如世紀、朝代、時代、年、季節、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如 in

4、 the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one' sife , in one' s thirties 等。on表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。如 on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year' sDay, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon 等。at表示某一時刻或較短暫的時間，或泛指 圣誕節,復活節等。如 at 3:20, a

5、t this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of，at the age of at nigh tataChristmanoon, at this moment 等。注意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如： We meet every day.2)in, after 在之后“ in較時間”表示將來的一段時間以后； “after+時間”表示過去的一段時間以后； “ after#來的時間點”表示將來的某一時刻以后。3)from, since 自從from僅說明什么時候開始

6、，不說明某動作或情況持續多久；since表示某動作或情況持續至說話時刻，通常與完成時連用。since表示"自（某具體時間）以來"，常用作完成隹坦謂語的時間狀語。since liberation （1980）自從解放（1980 年）以來 They have been close friends since childhood他們從小就是好朋友。（1） since the war是指"自從戰爭結束以來"，若指"自從戰爭開始以來"，須說"sincethe beginning of the war”。（2）不要將since與afte

7、r混淆。比較：He has worked here since 1965.（指一段時間，強調時間段）自從1965年以來，他一直在這兒工He began to work here after 1965.（指一點時間，強調時間點）從1965年以后，他開始在這兒工作。4）after, behind 在之后after主要用于表示時間；behind主要用于表示位置。時間名詞前介詞用法口訣年前周前要用in具體日子要用on遇到幾號也用on上午下午得是in要說某日上下午用on換in記清楚 午夜黃昏用at黎明用它也不錯at用在時分前 說 差”可要用上to說"過''要用past3 .表示

8、運動方向的介詞：across, through 通過，穿過across表示橫過，即從物體表面通過，與on有關，為二維through穿過,即從物體內部穿過，與in有關，為三維。4 .表示在之間”的介詞：表示在之間”的介詞在英語中屬于方位介詞,如in front of , behind , on, in, near, under,upbetween, amongbetween指在兩個人或兩個事物之間；among指在三個或三個以上的人或事物之間。5 .表示其他意義的介詞1）on ,about 關于on表示這本書，這篇文章或演說是嚴肅的，或學術性的，可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀；about表示內容較為

9、普通，不那么正式。2）by, with, in表示方法、手段、工具by以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；with表示用 工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段；in表示用方式，用語言（語調、筆墨、顏色）等；3）except, besides 除了except除之外，不包括在內;besides除之外，包括在內。Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.（王先生沒去）Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了）其它常用介詞介詞在英語詞匯中所占比例很小，但它們的用法卻非常靈活，復雜。下列為常用

10、介詞及含義：1) about關于，附近，大約，周圍，隨身.I have bought a book about Shakespearea我買了本有關 莎十比亞 的書。There are about fifteen trees in the picture大約有十五棵樹在圖片里。2) above 在t,高出，以上，超過，在.上游.The plane is flying above the clouds.飛機在云上飛行。I think the man is above sixty years 01d.我想那人有六十多歲了。3) across橫過，對面，交叉，在的對面.Can you swim ac

11、ross the river?你能游過河嗎？We live across the street我們住在街的對面。4) after在后面,依照.He went home after school 他放學后就回家了。Read after me, please.青品艮我朗讀。5) against撞到,靠著，反對，違背,The car hit against the tree 汽車撞了 樹。He is standing against the wall 他靠墻站著。6) along沿著，順著.They are walking along the river.他們沿著河行走。7) among在當中.(三

12、者或三者以上)He is the tallest among them他是他們當中個子最高的。8) around在的周圍,在那一邊.They sat around the table talking the news他們繞桌而坐談論新聞。There is a drugstore around the corne 拐角處有一家藥店。9) as作為.He doesn't like people treat him as a child他不喜歡人們把他當小孩子對待。10) at在時刻，在點鐘，在歲時，向，在之中，按速度，值(賣)錢，在(強調地點)He always gets up at si

13、x in the morning.他時常早上六點鐘起床。He shot at the bird but missed it他向鳥射擊,但是沒射中。The car goes at eighty miles an hour.氣車以每/4時八十公里的速度行駛。11) before在的前面(位置),在之前(時間)He took a picture before the car他在汽車前照了張照片。He can't finish his work before supper.晚飯前他完不成工作。12) behind在的后面(位置)，落后于，不如4) after在后面,依照，Are there a

14、ny brooms behind the doo匚門后有掃帚嗎？All of us are behind him in mathematics.我們數學者 B 不如他。13) below在之下,低于，There are four lights below the ceiling.天花板下面有四盞燈。The murderer run away below the police's eyesift人 3 日從警察眼皮底下跑了。14) beside在的旁邊，在之外，與相比.He found the body beside the river 他在河邊發現了 尸體。Beside yours,

15、my computer is too slow.與你的計算機速度相比，我的就慢多了。15) besides除.之外，還有We are all here besides Bowe除鮑外，我們也都來了。16) between在兩者之間,He sits between you and meftfe 坐在你我之間。17) beyond 在.那邊，The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.你要找的商店在街的那邊， 你不會找不至U I18) but 除去.He has nothing but money

16、他除錢以外什么都沒有。19) by被.,在的近旁，在之前，不遲于，以為手段。The classroom was cleaned by the student教室由學生們打掃干凈了。Miss Lucy came to China by air.露西小虬是乘飛機來 中國的。20) down沿著.望下。She walked down the street她沿著街道走。21) during在期間，在時候。During the holiday, we went to the south.我們假期去了 南方。22) except 除 .之外。He knows nothing except English.

17、他除英語以外什么都不知道。23) for 為 ., 因為 ., 至于 . 。He works for this company.他為這家公司工作。She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroonmft 返回至 U教室是因為把書留在了那 里。24) from 從 ., 來自., 因為.。Where are you from?你是哪里人？He died from an accident 他死于一場事故。25) in 在 ., 在 .之內，從事于., 按照 ., 穿著.。He was born in

18、1992.他生于1992 年。I could finish the program in two weeks. 我可以用兩周時間完成這個項目。He spend less time in reading他讀書時間很少。The man in black jacket is our teacher穿黑夾克的那個人是我們的老師。26) like 象 .，如同.。The twins are like their father. 雙胞胎像他們的父親。27) near 靠近 。There are some flowers near the hous薪子附近有一些花。28) of .的，屬于.。This is

19、 a map of China.這是一張中國地圖。29) off 離開.，在.之外。The young man got off the train quickly. 那個年青人很快下了火車。I live in a village a little way off the main road. 我住在離大路不遠的一個村莊里。30) on 在 .之上。My book is on the table.我的書在桌子上。31) out of 從 .出來，在.之外。The dog run out of the house狗從房子里跑出來。32) outside . 外邊 .They are waiting

20、 outside the gate 他們在門夕卜等著。33) over 在 .之上，遍于.之上，越過.。There is a light over the desk桌子上方有盞燈。He is over sixty years 01d.他有六十多歲。34) past 越過 .，過.，超越.。The students walked past the post office 學生們走過了 郵局。It is ten past two.現在是兩點十分。35) round 圍著.，繞過.，在.周圍。We sat round the table我們圍著桌子坐下。The earth goes round th

21、e sun® 球繞著太陽轉。36) since 自 . 以后，自.以來。He has made great progress in English since he came into the college從他來至U大學后， 他的英語有了很大進步。37) through 經過.，穿過.。(立體層面)They went through the forest 他們穿過了 森林。38) throughout 遍及.，在各處。The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.警察搜山尋找犯人。39) till 直到.，

22、在.以前。He didn't come back till eleven o'clock. 他直到十一點鐘才回來。We'll be home till six. 六點以前我們都會在家。40) to 到 .，向.，趨于。How long is it from here to the station ?從這兒到車站有多遠？41) under在.之下，低于。There are some footballs under the bedj 底下有幾顆足球。These students are under seventeen years。底些學生們不至 U十七歲。42) until

23、直至L 在以前，Please wait for us until we come back.請等著我們回來。It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics pape喧至 U 上周我才交了 數學論文43) up在.上面，在上。He went up the stairs 他上了 樓梯。44) upon 在.之上，迫近。It's not polite to look down upon him.蔑視他是不禮貌的。45) within 在.之內。You must finish the work within two weeks.你

24、必須兩周內完成這項工作。46) without沒有，不，在.之外。We can't do it better without your help.沒有你的幫助，我們就做不好。We couldn't live without air and water.沒有空氣和水，我們就不可能生存。(A)In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is

25、 held every four years.To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called夢幻)World Cupsreami( in Japan .The childrendrew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under

26、 a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags(旗幟)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.Are you a football fan( 迷)

27、？ The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers( 青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup

28、as children in Japan.1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have.A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. many football player D. a big playground2. The next World Cup will be held in.A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 20043. From the passage ,in the picture children drew many thi

29、ngs except.A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers4. In “ Dream World Cup ” ,the children drew the flsome countries. </P< p>A. to show their love for their owe countryB. to tell the people their storiesC. to show their good wishes for the foot

30、ball teamsD. to show their new ideas about football5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars becauseA. they are interested in football B. they are football fansC. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C（8）In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for h

31、is business .But he was not a good artis .So he invented a very simple camera （照相機）.He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of hia garden .That was the first photo.The next important date in the history of photography （ 攝影術）was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a pic

32、ture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly ,even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerre ' s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from a

33、ll around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop

34、them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard.Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many picture of gread people .The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike（栩栩如生的）Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photod were

35、 nor just cooies of the real world .They showed and feelings,like other kinds of art.6. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picturte ofA. his business B. his house C. his garden D. his window7. The Daguerrotype was. </P< p>A. Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photogr

36、apher8. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he had to.A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive cameraC. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him.9. Mathew Brady.A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unusual picturesC. was

37、quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people10. This passage tells us.A. how photography was developed B. how to show your ideas and feelings in picturesC. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use different cameras（C）Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both

38、 parents are working, they usually have two cars.When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van（ 住房7"車）A small car can hold（容納）four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded（ 擁擠）.A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children cou

39、ld ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.Mr.Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and bus a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases（ 衣箱

40、）when they travel. When they arrive at their g randparents ' home , the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the grandparents.Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can liv

41、e in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor ho

42、mes.11. From the passage, a van is also called.A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck12. Before Mr. Hagen and his wife bought a van, they.A. sold their old house B . moved to their grandparents' houseC. built a new place for a van D. sold their second car13. A motor home is

43、 usually owned by a family with.A. a baby B. much money C. more than two children D. interest in vans14. Americans usually use motor homer.A. to travel with all the family members of holidayB. to do some shopping with all the family membersC. to visit their grandparents at weekendsD. to drive their

44、children to school every day15. Motor homes have become popular because.A. they can take people to another city when people are freeB. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidaysC. some people think motor homes are cheapD. big families can put more things in motor h

45、omes（D）Surtsey was born in 1963.Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 7.30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captain's （船長） feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano （火山） was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fir

46、e and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底音B） of the sea. Theisland grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and fall

47、ing into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967.It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about t

48、his young island. A new island is like a new world.16. Surtsey is.A. an island not far from Iceland B. a new volcanoC. a fishing boat D. a place in Iceland 17. Scientists flew there.A. to watch the birth of the island B. to save the fishing boat C. to learn about the island D. to build a house18. Wh

49、en did scientist fly there to watch?A. Before the volcano broke out. B. As soon as the volcano broke out.C. About four days after the volcano broke out. D. After the volcano stopped rushing up. 19. Put the following sentences in correct order.a. The captain found the boat was moving. b. A new island

50、 appeared in the sea. c. Fire, smoke and rocks were seen rushing up. d. A fishing boat was near Iceland. e. The island grew quickly.A. d-acbe B. a-b-c-d-e C .a-b-e-c-d D. b-e-d-a-c 20. The best title of this article is.A. A new island B. The birth of an islandC. A new world D. Scientists discovered

51、Surtsey（E）On Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a balloon （氣球）.They started early in London. The headman was Augusta Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way. Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope （繩子）,and

52、 it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight （重量） .It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,00