1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上名詞1、 名詞的分類專有名詞 單數名詞表泛指，在前面加a/an. 可數名詞：有單數和復數之分 普通名詞 復數形式通常加 -s/-es 不可數名詞：沒有復數形式 物質名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞 用some/any/a little/a lot of 修飾2、 可數名詞復數的變化形式1) 規則變化條件變化例詞注意一般情況下在詞尾加-sbook bookscat cats-s , -x，-ch , -sh結尾的名詞在詞尾加-esglass glassesbox boxeswatch watchesbrush brushesch 結尾的名詞，在單詞中發音為k時，其復數加-s.s

2、tomach stomachs部分以-f -fe結尾的名詞-f / - fe改為 v再加-es self selvesthief thievesknife kniveslife liveswolf wolves特殊情況：roof roofsscarf scarfsbelief beliefs 輔音字母+ -y結尾的名詞-y改為 i 再加 es baby babiesstory storiescountry countriesparty parties元音字母+ -y結尾的名詞在-y 后面直接加-sboy boysday days 部分以輔音字母+ -o結尾的名詞詞尾加 -espotato po

3、tatoestomato tomatoeshero heroes特殊情況：radio radiospiano pianoszoo zoosphoto photos2) 不規則變化變化例子注意元音字母發生變化-a改為-eman menwoman womenpoliceman policemenGerman Germanshuman humans-oo改為-eefoot feettooth teethgoose geese單復同形sheep sheepdeer deerfish fishchicken chickenchicken 雞肉、fish 魚肉，是不可數名詞.強調“種類”= fishes“

4、小雞”= chickens有些名詞常以復數形式出現trousers, socks, gloves, glasses, shoes要表達他們的量，常借助 pair.A pair of trousersTwo pairs of gloves表示”某國人”單復同形a Chinese two Chinese a Japanese two Japanese 詞尾加-sa German two Germansan Americantwo Americansmanmenan Englishman two Englishmenan Frenchmantwo Frenchmen其他形式child childre

5、nox oxenmouse mice注意： 有些名詞以-s結尾，但表達單數意義。科學名詞：physics, mathematics/maths 游戲名稱：bowls專有名詞：the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名詞：news, falls 名詞做定語，不用復數形式.e.g. a shoe shop, an apple tree *例外：man, woman作定語時，如果后面的名詞是復數，則man, woman也要變。e.g. a woman teacher three women teachers a man doctor many men doctors p

6、eople, police做“人們”講時，看作復數，不能在后面加”-s”， 謂語動詞用復數形式。family, class是集體名詞，既指單數，又指復數，謂語動詞可用單數亦可用復數，具體根據語境而定。 不可數名詞：一般指物質名詞、抽象名詞和專有名詞，通常沒有復數， 其前不用冠詞a/an或數詞，但可用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any的等修飾。Exercises:Look at the clouds, so beautiful!   Wow, so

7、0;many different _, horses, sheep, flowers       A. sizes           B. shapes        C. colors      

8、    D. stylesThere are some _ in Dayton Art Museum. For example, no food or drink is allowed inside.     A. jobs         

9、0;B. records        C. rules           D. paintingsYesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phones as a present, but I don

10、t know how to use it.     Why not read the _ first before using it?      A. expressions     B. applications     C. 

11、advertisements    D. instructions These _ have saved many childrens lives.A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor-What would you like to drink, _or orange? -Orange, please.A. hamburger B. chip C. tea3、 不可數名詞的數1) 可以修飾不可數名詞的詞或短語：a lot of , lots o

12、f, some, a little, little2) 數詞+ 量詞 + of + 不可數名詞e.g. a glass of water two glasses of water a cup of tea three cups of tea3) 常用的不可數名詞 food, meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef, mutton, orange, milk, tea, coke, water, rice, bread, homework, news, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, cloud, air, weather, maths, Ch

13、inese, English, music, information, fun, work 等.4) 有些不可數名詞以復數形式出現時，意思有變化.單數形式復數形式單數形式復數形式work工作works著作water水waters水域time時間times時代good好處goods商品、貨物light光lights電燈sand沙子sands沙灘wood木頭woods樹林cloth布cloths衣服glass玻璃glasses眼鏡snow雪snows積雪manner舉止manners禮貌5) 有些名詞，既可以作可數名詞，又能做不可數名詞，但含義不同英語可數名詞不可數名詞beauty美人美麗life

14、生命，生活性命，人名orange橘子橘汁，橘黃色paper報紙，論文，試卷紙Exercises:Mum, Ive heard that we cant eat _ those days. Is it true? Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat. A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chickenThe students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _ there. A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit

15、Im so hungry. Please give me _ to eat.A. three bread B. three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads D. three piece of breadI want a sweet milk. Put some _ in my cup, please.  A. ice      B. soup&#

16、160;   C. salt      D. sugar What a good _ youve given me! Thanks a lot.              My pleasure.      &

17、#160;A. information     B. news      C. suggestion    D. advice4、 名詞的所有格分類構成方法例子表示有生命的名詞所有格在單數后面加-sThe teachers officeLilys photo以加-s的復數名詞后加“”The teachers officeBoys games不以-s 結尾的復數名詞后加“-s”The childrens palace.用and 連接兩個并

18、列的單數名詞表示共有時，在后一個詞尾加-s；如果不是，則需要分別加在兩個名詞后面。Lily and Lucys house is big.Lilys and Lucys house are big.表示無生命的名詞所有格一般用 “of + 名詞”The doors of our class.The color of the cover.The capital of China. l 注意：店鋪、醫院名稱加s, e.g. at the doctors  someone, everybody, no one和else, 在els

19、e后加s, e.g. somebody elses pencil雙重所有格 ： 當表示所有格的名詞前有冠詞、數詞、不定代詞或指示代詞時，常用“名詞of's”  形式，這種結構被稱為雙重所有格，一般表示“所有關系”。  a novel of Lu Xun's魯迅所有小說中的一本  the large house of Tom's湯姆的那棟大房子  that 

20、;bag of Mary's瑪麗的那個包 a few friends of Mr Wang's王先生的幾個朋友 l 注意區別  a picture of my brother's我弟弟所有照片中的一張  a picture of my brother一張我弟弟的照片Exercises: Tomorrow Im going to my _. Its a _. A.

21、aunt ; five minutes walk B. aunts ; five minutes walk C. aunt ; five minutes walk D. aunts ; five minutes walkThis is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and JanesNear our school there are two _.A. shoes shops B. shoes shop C. s

22、hoe shops5、常考易錯點 名詞同義辨析法清楚不同的名詞所表達的具體含義，并且能辨析它們之間的一些差異.home , family , house 家             problem(主觀的疑慮，疑問) , question(指客觀存在和遇到的問題) , trouble(“麻煩，問題”，指客觀的并棘手的)問題clothing (不可數名詞)，clothes(沒有單

23、數形式的復數名詞) ， dress(用作可數名詞不指男人穿的) 衣服     job（強調工作的性質或工種，為可數名詞）  , work （不可數名詞，含義更廣）工作 sound（范圍廣，大自然的都可以用它） ， voice （指人的，說話、唱歌），noise （嘈雜聲）聲音       people(指集體，復數) ，person(指個體，為單數)，hum

24、an(人類) 人  常見名詞短語 名詞的固定搭配是中考英語試題中考查的一個重要方面，所以牢固地掌握一些固定的短語或搭配，對于解答試題是很重要的。如：tooth brush牙刷  lunch room午餐室    shoe store鞋店     school gate校門口summer camp夏令營    night school夜校    street light路燈

25、60;    country music鄉村音樂flower bed花壇    paper tiger紙老虎    maths teacher數學教師   boyfriend男朋友clothes shop服裝店    sports meet運動會    goods train貨車    arts festival藝術節

26、名詞轉化  某些名詞后加y變形容詞，表示“充滿的”，cloud-cloudy, sun-sunny   某些名詞后加ful變形容詞，表示“性質的”，use-useful, care-careful   部分表示人的名詞后加ly變形容詞，具有贊美意味。Friend-friendly, lovely   某些名詞后加less表示沒有，careless, useless對應練習：1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive be

27、en to _.A. the Henry house      B. the Henry family C. the Henrys home    D. Henrys2 In England, if _is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food  B. lunch  C. breakfast  D. dinner3You looked for it twice

28、, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times   B. a third time   C. the third time   D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters   B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water   

29、;  D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth   B. feet   C. hand   D. ear6There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes   B. meat   C. potato   D. pears7In England, the last name is the  _.A. fami

30、ly name   B. middle   C. given name   D. full name8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen   B. Germany   C. Germanys   D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches   B. boy; watch   C. boy; watches   D. bo

31、ys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth   B. tooths   C. teeth   D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again? A. idea   B. key   C. excuse   D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly. - But I think we should le

32、t _ go out first.A. woman and children   B. women and child C. woman and child      D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks. A.ENTRANCE       B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE U

33、P   D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day    B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day      D. Children Day代詞1、代詞的分類 數分類單數復數人稱代詞(代替人或物)主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代詞(表示所有關系)形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞

34、性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself ourselves, yourselves, themselves 指示代詞This, thatThese, those不定代詞(籠統的表示人或物)some, any, all, every, each, both, another, one, none, any, much, few, little, something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, everybody, no

35、body, someone, anyone疑問代詞who(whom), whose, what, which關系代詞who(whom), whose, that, which相互代詞each, other, one another2、 代詞it 的用法1) 指代前面提到過的事物This is my book. It is Jims.2) 代替指示代詞 this 或 thate.g. Whats this? Its a pen3) 表示時間、天氣或季節e.g. Whats the time now? Its ten oclock.4) 表示距離 How far is it from your s

36、chool to your home?5) it 的常用句型 it's + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth. It was really kind of you to help me . (表示人的性格、品質clever, kind等的形容詞，用of sb.)It is important for us to work hard. (修飾事物easy, important的形容詞，用 for sb.) Its time to do/for/that 到該做的時間了Its time to get up. 該起床了Its time for lunch. 吃午飯了 It

37、 seems that 看起來好像 Its ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 Its + adj. + that從句 Its necessary that you should present at the meeting.3. 反身代詞 反身代詞的用法 e.g. This boy is too young to take care of himself. The children made model planes themselves. 反身代詞的常用詞組_/_ 自學 _ 過得愉快_ 自用、自取（事物，飲料等），請自便 _ 蘇醒過來_ 受傷 _ 獨自，單獨對應訓練：

38、The iPad is isnt _. Its belongs to _. A. he ; me B. hers ; mine C. his ; me D. her ; mine The man called his professor for help because he couldnt solve the problem _. A. herself B. himself C. yourself D. themselvesThe dictionary is not _. Maybe its Toms. He is looking for_. A. my ; him B. mine ; hi

39、s C. us ; ours D. our ; our -Why dont you go to the lecture-room and listen to the talk? -I hear there isnt in it. A. something new B. new anything C. anything newD. nothing newWhos that speaking? _.A. This is Jack speaking B. I am Jack C. Jack is me D. I am JackMiss Liu asked Tom to read the new wo

40、rds and students to listen to him. A. other B. the othersC. othersD. the other4、 易混點梳理1) a few, few, a little, little表肯定(一點兒，幾個)表否定(幾乎沒有)后加名詞a littlelittle不可數名詞A fewfew可數名詞 2) either、neither、 both、 all 、none 、any詞用法例子either兩者中的每個、各方There are trees on either side of the street.neither兩者都不Neither of t

41、he books is good.both兩者都，bothandBoth she and I are student.none三者或三者以上都不I know none of them.all三者或三者以上都All of us should go there.any三者或三者以上中的任何一個Which do you like best, tea, coffee or water? Any. 3) other、the other、another、others、the other 用法代詞形容詞單數復數單數復數不定Another另一個Others別的/其他的人或物Another (boy)另一個(男

42、孩)Others (boys)其他男孩們特定The other另一個The others其余那些人或物The other(boy)另一個男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩4) each、every 詞用法例句each表”每個”，強調個體，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。指兩個或兩個以上的人或事。There are trees on each side of the road.Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.every表”每一個”，強調整體，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。指三個或三個以上的人或事。Every student passed the exam.5)

43、 none, nothing, no one詞用法例句none指人指物There are five people over there. I know none of them.nothing指事物She knew nothing about it.no one指人Did anyone come to see you? No one.6) it, one 與that作代詞時的區別詞用法例句it指代上文提到的同一事物The book is mine. Its very interesting.one泛指上文提到的同類事物中的一個，同類而不同物。Who has a pen? I have one.

44、that常用于比較級結構中，代替前面提到的名詞，以免重復The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.7) no 與not的區別no 只作定語，等于not a 或者not any。e. g. I have no pencil. = I have not a pencil. She has no friends in Jiangmen. = She has not any friends in Jiangmen.在標語中，一般用no而不用not。 No smoking / No pets對應訓練：1. We h

45、ave five kinds of schoolbags. Do you like this one? Can you show me _? A. another B. each one C. the other D. others2. There is _ milk in the fridge. Please buy some on your way home. All right. A. much B. many C. little D. few3. There are many trees on _ sides of the street. A. both B. all C. each

46、4. There are six MP3 players in the box. Two are made in Japan and _ are made in china. A. other B. the others C. another D. others5. -Have you finished your work yet?-No, not yet. I think itll take _ ten minutes.A. another B. other C. others D. more5. 解題技巧 代詞指人還是指物 代詞指代可數名詞還是不可數名詞 明確指代法： 代詞指代特指還是泛指

47、 代詞的概念是兩者之間還是三者以上 代詞指定是肯定還是否定 理清邏輯法 代詞所表示的范圍 代詞表示的是全部否定還是部分否定 上下文提示法對應訓練：單項選擇-Did Toms parents go to the meeting yesterday?-Yes, _ of them did, but _ spoke.A. each, none B. both, none C. neither, both D. both, neitherThis book on idioms is interesting. Id like 

48、;_, where did you buy it, Simon? In the Amazon Bookstore. A. it    B. this      C. that       D. one You can take _ _ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brothe