1、Section_Grammar_名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句)語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Berin

2、g Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial

3、 or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.我的發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)以上各句皆為主從復(fù)合句，句中用了相當于名詞作用的從句(即名詞性從句)在句中充當成分。(2)名詞性從句在句中可作介詞的賓語(句)，動詞的賓語(句)。(3)名詞性從句在句中可作主語，且可用it作形式主語，真正的主語從句置于句末(句、)。(4)名詞性從句在句中可作表語(句)。一、主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句的定義及特點(一)主語從句主語從句是指在句中作主語的從句，位置與陳述句的主語相同。Whether the sports meet will be

4、held is not certain now.運動會是否將舉行現(xiàn)在不能確定。 How the book will sell depends on its author.這本書銷售如何取決于整理本人。Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.我們在哪兒開會都無所謂。名師點津若主語部分結(jié)構(gòu)較長，可以使用形式主語it，把真正的主語從句放于后面。That she will do well in her exam is certain.It is certain that she will do well in her exam.她在考試中

5、會做得好，這是確定無疑的。(二)賓語從句1作及物動詞的賓語Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter.每個人都知道地球是由物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的。2作介詞的賓語如：besides that .“除之外”；but that .“若不是”；except that .“除了”；in that .“在于；因為”。Is there anything wrong in what I said?我所說的有錯誤之處嗎？These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall in summer

6、.這兩個地區(qū)相似，因為在夏天降水都很多。3動態(tài)形容詞后形容詞后跟賓語從句的用法只限于少數(shù)動態(tài)形容詞，如sure(確信)，certain(肯定)，afraid(擔心)，confident(有把握的)等。I'm not certain whether the train will arrive on time.我不確信火車是否將會按時到達。4注意事項(1)賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：think, believe, suppose, imagine等動詞后的賓語從句中的否定詞要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。I don't think we need to

7、waste much time on it.我想我們不必在這上面浪費太多時間。(形式上否定主句，實際上還是否定從句)(2)賓語從句中不能省略that的情況。動詞后有兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，緊跟動詞后的賓語從句可以省去that，其余的賓語從句前的that一般不能省去。I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve.我相信你已經(jīng)盡全力了，事情會好起來的。(第二個that不能省)(3)“doubt賓語從句”的應(yīng)用。肯定句中用whether或if，否定句和疑問句中用that。I doubt whether

8、he can pass the exam.我懷疑他是否能夠通過此次考試。I don't doubt that he can pass the exam.我不懷疑他能通過此次考試。Do you doubt that he can pass the exam?你懷疑他能通過此次考試嗎？(三)表語從句1表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，出現(xiàn)在連系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語連系動詞表語從句”。The question is whether we can finish the work in time.問題是我們是否能及時完成這項工作。2可接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, see

9、m, sound等。You look as if you slept badly. 看你那樣子仿佛沒睡好覺。 The fact remains that we are still not advanced enough.事實依然是我們還是不夠先進。名師點津(1)表語從句實際上是對主語進行補充說明，從句表達的是主語的內(nèi)容。The fact is that he didn't notice the car until too late.事實是他注意到汽車時已經(jīng)太晚了。(2)主句的主語是名詞idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requireme

10、nt等時，表語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“should 動詞原形”。My suggestion is that we should have a discussion about this matter instead of setting it aside.我的建議是我們應(yīng)當討論一下這個問題，而不是把它放在一邊。即時演練1選詞填空(2016·北京高考改編)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust. (that/what)(2015·北京高

11、考改編)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (where/how)(2014·山東高考改編)It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world. (what/which)(2013·安徽高考改編)From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy­one percent of its sur

12、face is covered by water. (why/because)(2013·陜西高考改編)It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice. (if/whether)That he had met a kind librarian in the city library gave us no surprise. (that/what)二、連接詞(一)that, whether 和if1連接詞thatthat引導(dǎo)從句時，本身無意義，在

13、從句中不充當成分。但是that在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句時，一般不能省略；在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，常被省略；但是以下兩種情況除外：(1)多個并列從句出現(xiàn)時，第一個that可以省略，其他的不能省略。(2)含有形式主語it時，放于后面的賓語從句不能省略that。That he suddenly fell ill made us surprised.他突然生病讓我們震驚。She said (that) she would return that book next week.她說她將于下周歸還那本書。She said (that) she would come here and that I should

14、wait for her till Monday.她說她將會來這兒并讓我等到星期一。They made it clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job.他們向公眾表明：他們所做的工作重要且必不可少。The fact is that we are behind other groups.事實是我們落后于其他小組。2連接詞whether和if(1)連接詞whether/if在從句中意為“是否”，不充當成分，一般不能省略。(2)主語從句位于句首時只能用whether；當用it作形式主語時，whether與if都可

15、以。(3)表語從句中常用whether。(4)賓語從句中連接詞whether和if常常可以互換。Whether he passed the exam was not certain.It was not certain whether/if he passed the exam.不確定他是否通過了考試。The question is whether we should ask them for help.問題是我們是否應(yīng)該向他們尋求幫助。I wonder whether/if he'll agree with me.我想知道他是否會同意我。名師點津賓語從句中用whether不用if的三

16、種情況：(1)與or not連用We don't know whether Tom will turn up at the meeting or not.我們不知道湯姆是否會參加會議。(2)位于介詞之后Everything depends on whether you are for it.每件事情都取決于你是否贊成它。(3)位于動詞不定式之前I don't know whether to believe him.我不知道是否該相信他。(二)連接代詞what, which, who, whom和whose連接代詞what, which, who, whom和whose在從句中的

17、意義分別為“所”“哪一個”“誰”“誰”“誰的”；在從句中起代詞的作用，可作主語、表語、賓語或定語。That's what we have said.(作賓語)那就是我們所說的話。Do you know which of the boys was late? (作主語)你知道哪個男孩遲到了嗎？Who will come to give the talk is known to us all.(作主語)我們都知道誰將來作報告。The problem is whom the headmaster will send to deal with it. (作賓語)問題是校長將要派誰來處理這件事情

18、。Do you know whose T­shirt it is？(作定語)你知道這是誰的T恤衫嗎？名師點津連接代詞what, which的區(qū)別：which引導(dǎo)主語從句時需要限定一個有限的、較小的范圍，而what指在一個較廣的范圍內(nèi)進行選擇或者根本沒有范圍。Which of the boys broke the window is already known.已經(jīng)知道是哪個男孩打破了窗戶。I don't know what books the children can read.我不知道孩子們能讀什么書。(三)連接副詞when, where, why和how when意為“何

19、時”，在從句中作時間狀語；where意為“哪里”，在從句中作地點狀語；how意為“如何”，在從句中作方式狀語；why意為“為什么”，在從句中作原因狀語。When we'll set off for home hasn't been decided yet.我們何時動身回家還沒有被決定。That was where I spent my holiday.那就是我度假的地方。Nobody knew how she got the prize.沒有人知道她是如何獲獎的。This is why we put off the meeting.這就是我們推遲會議的原因。(四)復(fù)合連接詞wh

20、atever, whichever, whoever和whomever連接代詞whatever, whichever, whoever和whomever在從句中的意義分別為“無論什么”“無論哪一個”“無論誰”“無論誰”；在從句中起代詞的作用，可作主語、賓語或定語。Whatever I have is at your service.我所有的一切都供你使用。I'll take whichever picture you don't want. 我隨便拿一幅你不要的畫好了。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished.無論誰違反了法律都應(yīng)該受

21、到懲罰。Whomever you invite will be welcome. 你邀請的任何人都將受歡迎。 名師點津(1)whatever, whichever, who(m)ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；no matter what, no matter which, no matter who(m)只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whichever/No matter which dictionary you want to buy, I'll pay for it.無論你想買哪本詞典，我都愿意付款。(2)wherever (no matter where); whene

22、ver (no matter when); however (no matter how)一般引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。However/No matter how tough the problem may be, I'll work it out by myself.無論問題可能有多難，我將自己解決。即時演練2補全句子What_he_had_said surprised everyone present. 他所說的話讓在場每一個人吃驚。It seemed that_he_had_donated_all_his_money_to those in need.他似乎已將所有的錢都捐給了那些需要幫

23、助的人。I don't know where_I_can_place_my_luggage.我不知道我的行李可以放在哪里。We discussed whether_we_should_use_the_money to buy a new house.我們討論該不該用這筆錢買套新房子。(2016·北京高考改編)Your support is important to our work. Whatever_you_can_do_helps.你的支持對我們的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都會有所幫助。三、it作形式主語或形式賓語的名詞性從句(一)主語從句中以it作形式主語的四種常用句型

24、1It 不及物動詞的適當形式從句It seems that .好像是It happened that . 碰巧It follows that . 由此可見It has turned out that . 結(jié)果It seemed that he had been to Beijing before. 好像他以前去過北京。2Itbe及物動詞的過去分詞從句It is said that . 據(jù)說It is reported that . 據(jù)報道It is believed that . 人們認為It is hoped that . 大家希望It has been proved that . 已證明I

25、t is said that he has read the novel.據(jù)說他讀過這本小說。3Itbe名詞(詞組)從句It is a fact that . 事實是It is good news that . 是好消息。It is a question that . 是個問題。It is common knowledge that . 是常識。It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸煙危害健康，這是事實。4Itbe形容詞從句It is necessary that . 有必要It is clear that . 很清楚It is (

26、un)likely that . 很(不太)可能It is important that . 重要的是It is necessary that people should learn to face the reality.人們應(yīng)該學(xué)會面對現(xiàn)實是有必要的。(二)賓語從句中以it作形式賓語的兩種常用句型1帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語賓語補足語)的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后面，而用it作形式賓語。We think it possible that you can finish the work today.我們認為你今天能夠完成這項工作。2表示喜歡、憎惡等心理活動的動詞后習慣上先跟一個形式賓語

27、it，再接賓語從句。如：hate, enjoy, dislike, love, don't mind, feel like, appreciate, rely on, count on, see to, take (認為), owe等。I take it that you will agree with us.我認為你會贊成我們的。巧學(xué)助記巧記名詞性從句名詞性從句并不難，陳述語氣要當先。特別注意引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)主語、表語和賓語。主語從句嫌太長，it在句首屬正常。賓語從句也不短，it代替并不亂。表語從句不能變，穩(wěn)穩(wěn)當當在中間。即時演練3補全句子It seems that_they_will_

28、win_the_game.看起來他們會贏得這場比賽。It is suggested that_the_meeting_(should)_be_put_off.有人建議會議延期召開。I hate_it_when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話。I think_it_necessary_that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。.用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空1What surprises me most is that he is too vain.2W

29、here cars will be parked in the future is a question.3When we will have a picnic depends on the weather.4Which part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.5It has not been decided who will attend the meeting.6It is reported that a new film will be put on in the cinema.7That Mike didn'

30、t turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy.8Whether the President will attend the party or not is kept a secret.9It is necessary that he should learn about the whole matter.10Why the little boy died in a baby­sitter center in Yuxi of Yunnan Province remains a my

31、stery now.單句寫作1What_role_he_will_play in the film hasn't been known.在這部電影中他將扮演什么角色還不知道。2He is a good student except_that_he_is_a_little_careless.他是個好學(xué)生，就是有點粗心。3She always thinks of how_she_can_do_a_better_job.她總是在想怎樣把工作做得更好。4Whoever_fails_in_the_exam shall not be allowed to go home.無論誰在考試中失敗都不允許

32、回家。5We think_it_important_that every citizen should have good manners.我們認為每個市民有禮貌是重要的。6It_is_said_that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.據(jù)說這位教授已經(jīng)成功地完成了這個實驗。7The reason for his absence was that_he_was_ill.他缺席的原因是他生病了。8It's_a_pity_that you missed the film.你錯過了那部電影真是遺憾。9I don't_think_I_can_remember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在兩小時內(nèi)記住這100個單詞。10I am not interested in whether_they_believe_in_me_or_not.我對他們是否信任我不感興趣。.語法填空(用名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞填空)Ann：Hello, Roger? This is Ann.R