1、上海市各區2019屆高三英語二模試卷題型分類專題匯編終結版：摘要寫作One【2019屆上海市虹口區高三英語二模試題】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What comes first: the optimism or the good health?Optimism,

2、defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.A recent study suggests that most people can' t help but to think optimi

3、stically. This study wasconducted by Ed O ' Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that wou

4、ld make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. Howe

5、ver, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.O' Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturall

6、y.not as used“ Wd reto thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong." O ' Brien 'many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and

7、 people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? ”If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people ' s optimism, " Boehm explained. However, it ' s diff

8、icult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.Keys:Despite the claim that optimism benefits fitness, scientists are uncertain. O' Brien study indicates it ' s huature to expect a promising future. For instance, those with positive futureplans were more likely to achiev

9、e happiness, yet those having/with negative ones didn etxpect unhappiness. Above all, optimism may not necessarily precede good healthTwo【2019屆上海市黃浦區高三英語二模試題】一IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 word

10、s. Use your own words as far as possible.DesertificationDesertification is one of the world' s most alarming processes of environmental degradation(退化).The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it' s a anatural ”problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing co

11、untries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land' s biological productivity, caumsadbyamtrns andclimate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and c

12、lear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International

13、Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way:“Ilook forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, internatio

14、nal organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world o n a safer, more sustainable path of development.”The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification

15、is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world' s oldest civilizations. Theystand like open-air museums, bearing witn

16、ess to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also celebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world' s deserts.Keys:Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was sta

17、ted to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.Three【2019屆上海市浦東新區高三英語二模試題】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summariz

18、e the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Loneliness PeaksFor years America has been talking about obesity, but a new study points to a more serious health issue: isolation and loneliness.Being connected to others socially is w

19、idely considered a fundamental human need - crucial to both well-being and survival. Extreme examples show infants who lack human contact in care fail to grow and often die. Indeed, social isolation has been used as a form of punishment. According to Julianne Holt-Lunstad, the lead author of the stu

20、dy, an increasing portion of the U.S. population now population now experiences isolation regularly. Over 42 million adults above age 45 in the U.S. are estimated to be suffering from chronic （長期的）loneliness.The study of 340 adults between the ages of 27 and 101 living in San Diego identified three

21、key age ranges when people felt the loneliest. Participants who had the highest levels of loneliness were in their late-20s, mid-50s and late-80s. While it may come as a surprise that people in their late-20s suffered from loneliness, a larger survey shows they actually may suffer the hardest.s noWi

22、th an increasing number of people working from home, watching television, getting into an addiction to electronic devices, it has become too easy to be alone, even if that intention. Modern day conveniences like having anything we want delivered make it possible to never need to leave the house. So,

23、 not surprisingly, those with frequent social contact usually feel less lonely than those with few social ties.Mounting evidence suggests social isolation and loneliness significantly impact our health, and even shorten our lives, just like obesity. This study isn ' tfte first time loneliness ha

24、s been flagged as an emerging health issue. Therefore, reducing both isolation and loneliness is important for quality of life and well-being.Keys:Socializing with people is believed to be the key to happiness, but more people are suffering from loneliness/isolation. According to a study, loneliness

25、 peaks in three age stages. Lack of social contact caused by modern lifestyles/convenience makes people feel lonely. As loneliness affects health seriously, it ' s necessary to try to reduce it.Four【2019屆上海市長寧區高三英語二模試題j一IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the mai

26、n idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Holding Parents ResponsibleAn Unfair PunishmentThe rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require par

27、ents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their

28、children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents ' part. For example, if young teenagers are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law. People who oppose parental responsibili

29、ty laws also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids' behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at

30、 all to control her kid. That lack of control may then lead to more crime.The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fi

31、red from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, little evidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These

32、struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.Keys:Arguments about parental responsibility laws arise in states. Firstly, it ' unfair to punish those parents

33、 without fault in their children ' s crimes. Moreover, jailing parents may cause more crime and punish other family members as they couldn ' co ntrol their kids or support families. Finally, threatening to punish parents of uncontrollable children means nothing to their parental ability.Five

34、【2019屆上海市徐匯區高三英語二模試畫一IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should some books be banned from school libraries?Are there Harry Potter books in your school lib

35、rary? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books o

36、ff the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.It ' tsue that some hold their argument that some books should be banned from school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school li

37、braries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or shou

38、ld not be in school libraries.Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library.

39、 Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them.On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! "Parents should decide what their own kids read," said Natalie Nicol, of

40、 Denver, Colorado. But other parents shouldn't make that choice for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not the school's job, to check out what their kids are reading. If they don't like a book, they should not let their kids read it.Why should a few parents stop k

41、ids from reading stories like the Harry Potter series? Kids should be able to check out books their parents think are OK to read. Many schools let kids borrow certain books if they have a signed paper from a parent. That works fine. A parent doesn't sign the paper if he or she doesn't want t

42、he child to read the book. Other kids can read the books if they have permission.Some books are not OK for all kids to read. But if more adults were careful about what their own kids read, they wouldn't have to ban books from the library.Keys:Schools are troubled by the problem whether certain b

43、ooks should be banned from their libraries. Some argue that those books with violence or bad words in should be banned and certain standards in judging books is essential. Others believe that it is paren ts ' responsibility, instead of schools ' , to decide whether their kids are permitted t

44、o read certain books or not.Six【2019屆上海市閔行區松江區高三英語二模試題】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.6上海市各區2019屆高三英語二模試卷題型分類專題匯編終結版：摘要寫作Are you working with your co

45、mputer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover?Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “ yes ” , you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this sy

46、ndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reach

47、es further into the eyes than other kinds of light.This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn t necessarily an unavoidable problefor those who deal with computer work in the dai

48、ly base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution （高分辨率）, at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screenfilter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that“ computer glasses ” , which cut

49、 down glare ablue light ， are available.Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during yourcomputer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced

50、when computer workers take four additional five- minute “ min-ibreaks ” throughout their workday.Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen theeffects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink （ 眨眼 ） one third less oftenthan they usua

51、lly do. Place a reminder on your computer to“ blink ” so that your eyes donout.Keys:Digital eyestrain is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besid

52、es longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.Seven【2019屆上海市奉賢區高三英語二模試題】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in

53、no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gardening can have many positive effects on your physical and mental health. Whether you ' re growing fruit and veggies, flowers or succulents, getting your green thumb on can have a surprising number of health benefits for you and you

54、r family.Depending on the size of your garden, maintaining it can be a great way to be physically active. This could be as tough as mowing the lawn, or as gentle as getting a good stretch and practice stabilizing yourself while kneeling, sitting or reaching. In fact, gardening is a recommended activ

55、ity as it can encourage the use of many motor skills, improve endurance and strength and keep you moving.These days, we can buy pretty much any fruit and vegetable we want from the supermarket, at any time of year. But gardening enables us to eat seasonally, which has important benefits for our bodi

56、es. For example, asparagus and apricots grow in spring and summer, while Brussels sprouts get going in winter. Eating seasonally can keep healthy eating exciting by encouraging you to try new recipes using in-season produce. You will also get a wider variety of different coloured produce, providing

57、nutritious vitamins and minerals in your diet throughout the year as the produce you eat changes with the seasons.Gardening is also a great way to relax, providing opportunities to still the mind and get away from the busyness of everyday life. There is even evidence to suggest that gardening can he

58、lp ease symptoms of mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. Whether you ' re gardening by yourself, or getting the whole family involved, it' s a great way to spend some time outdoors, away fromscreens and to-do lists, and engage with nature. From repetitive tasks like weeding that pro

59、vide opportunities for meditation, to practising patience while waiting for plants to grow, gardening is a great exercise for your mind as well as your body.Keys:Gardening may bring positive benefits to your fitness physically and mentally. It keeps you physically active, because it involves using motor skills and improves endurance and strength.Besides, gardening helps you to eat seasonally, through which you can maintain healthy eating and get adequate nutrition. Also, i t ' s a great way to calm your mind and ease your daily stress.Eight【2019屆上海市靜安區高三英語二模試畫一IV. Summary WritingDirectio