1、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)教案、習(xí)題1. 名詞 名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞，專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類： 1）個體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：gun。 2）集體名詞：表示若干個個體組成的集合體，如：family。 3）物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個體的實物，如：air。 4）抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work。個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞。 1.1 名

2、詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音 例詞一般情況 加 s 清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps 濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾 加 es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾 加 s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 變y 為i再加es 讀 /z/ baby-babies1.2 其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化1） 以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。例如： two Marys the Henrys monkey-mo

3、nkeys holiday-holidays2） 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時： a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。3） 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-le

4、aves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves；c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。1.3 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women注意：由一個詞加 man 或 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為German

5、s；Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。2） 單復(fù)同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of c

6、attle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復(fù)數(shù)用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。4） 以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：a. maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。b. news 為不可數(shù)名詞。c. the United States，the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。The United Nations was organized i

7、n 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如："The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事書。5） 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses （眼鏡）trousers,clothes等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair（對，雙）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。6） 另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，w

8、aters水域，fishes（各種）魚。 1.4 不可數(shù)名詞量的表示1）物質(zhì)名詞a. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個體名詞時為可數(shù)。比較：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一種食物。 （不可數(shù)）These cakes are sweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。 （可數(shù)）b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時，可數(shù)。例如：This factory produces steel.（不可數(shù)）We need various steels.（可數(shù)）c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時，可數(shù)。例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我國因茶葉而聞名。Two teas, please. 請來兩

9、杯茶。2） 抽象名詞表示具體的事例時也可數(shù)。例如：four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四個現(xiàn)代化物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一則建議。5. 定語名詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。1)用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如：sports meeting 運動會 students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室talks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語系2） man, woman, gentle

10、man等作定語時，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如： men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials3） 有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時，s保留。例如： goods train （貨車） arms produce武器生產(chǎn) customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷4） 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如：two-dozen eggs兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan.一個五年計劃1.6 不同國籍人的單復(fù)數(shù)國

11、籍 總稱（謂語用復(fù)數(shù)） 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)中國人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亞人 the Australians an Australian two Australians俄國人 the Russians a Russian two Russians意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians希臘人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks法國人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen日本人 the Japa

12、nese a Japanese two Japanese美國人 the Americans an American two Americans印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德國人 the Germans a Germans two Germans英國人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 1.7 名詞的格英語中有些名詞可以加"'s&qu

13、ot;來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：1） 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s"，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的書包men's room 男廁所。2） 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle工人的斗爭。3） 凡不能加"'s"的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示

14、所有關(guān)系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4） 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barber's 理發(fā)店。5） 如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有's，則表示"分別有"；只有一個's，則表示'共有'。例如：John's and Mary's rooms（兩間）John and Mary's room（一間）6） 復(fù)合名詞或短語，'s 加在最后一個詞的詞尾。例如：a month or two's absence名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

15、練習(xí)( )1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_. A. little wage B. few wage C. wage D. wages( )2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war.A. an ash B. the ash c. ash d. ashes( )3.The students at colleges or universities are

16、making _ for the coming New Year.a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation( )4.Painting in _ is one of their spare-time activities.a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil ( )5.The room was small and contained far too _.a. much new furniture c. much new furnituresb. many new

17、 furniture d. many new furnitures( )6.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.a. rooms number b. room number c. rooms numbers d. room numbers( )7.Computers can do _ work in a short time, but a man can not do _ by himself.a great manymany c. mucha great deal b.

18、 a great deal ofmuch d. manya great many( )8.She didnt know _ he had been given.A. how many information B. how many informations C. the number of information D. how much information( )9.He invited all of his _ to join his wedding party.a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm b. comrades-in-arms d. com

19、rade-in-arm( )10.All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.a. women doctors c. woman doctors b. women doctor d. woman doctor( )11.After ten years, all these youngsters became_.a. growns-ups c. growns-up b. grown-up d. grown-ups ( )12.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _. a. elder sist

20、er b. elder sisters c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress( )13.All the people at the conference are _.a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher b.mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers ( )14.Physics _ with matter and motion.a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are( )15.He has written several b

21、ooks, but his last works _ well known among his friends.a. have b. have been c. is d. are( )16.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days.a. father-in-laws c. fathers-in-law b. father-in-law d. fathers-in-laws( )17.He told me _ would come to his birthday party.a. m

22、any Jack friends c. many Jacks friend b. Jacks many friends d. many friends of Jacks( )18.I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner.a. barber b. barbers c. barbers d. barbers( )19.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _.A Peter and Helens c. Peter and Helen b. Peter and Helens d. Peters an

23、d Helens( )20._ receives only a small portion of the total amount of the suns energy.a. The earths surface c. The surface of earth b. The surface earth d. The earth surface ( )21.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Dont you know he is an old friend of _?a. my brother b. my brothers c. my brothers d

24、. my brothers friend ( )22._ is too much for a little boy to carry.a. A bikes weight c. The weight of a bike b. The weights of a bike d. Biles weight( )23.Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday.a. little b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of( )24.When they got

25、 to the lecture-room, there were _ left.a. only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats ( )25.The Department purchased _ to improve the working conditions there.a. a new equipment c. new equipments b. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments( )26.The boy tried

26、 hard but there has been _ in his work.a. little improvement c. many improvements b. a little improvement d. few improvements( )27.Todays modern TV cameras require _ light as compared with the earlier models.a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little( )28.No country can afford to negl

27、ect ( 忽視)_.a. an education b. educations c. education d. the education( )29.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of _.a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight ( )30.All _ must take the graduate Management Admission Test.a. business student b. businesss

28、 students c. business students d. businesss student( )31._ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.a. Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call b. Three-minute call d. A three-minute call( )32._ can get a better view of the game than the participants.a. Look

29、er-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons( )33.One of the most surprising things is that _ may come from petroleum.a. much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrows foodb. much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrows food( )34.Scott is an orphan but he received _.a. very good education c. a

30、very good educationb. very good educations d. many good educations ( )35.The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a _ yesterday.a. shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoess shop d. shoes ( )36.He has done some _ on that subject from various angles over the past ten years.a. r

31、esearch b. a research c. researches d. the researches ( )37.In Britain the _ are all painted red.a. letter boxes b. letters box c. letters boxes d. letterss box ( )38.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, _ was done.a. a few damages b. few damages c. little damage d. a litt

32、le damage( ) 39.Our teacher gave me _.a. an advice b. the advice c. many advice d. much advice( )40.My mother cut the cloth with _ scissors.a. a b. two c. a couple of d. a pair of(3). 可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則：一般規(guī)則：1>一般在詞尾加s，如：books，bags，fruits。加s之后的讀音規(guī)則：清清濁濁，即清輔音后讀清輔音s，如books buks濁輔音后讀濁輔音z，如bags bAgz元音音標(biāo)后面讀z，如b

33、oys bRizt后讀ts,d后讀dz 如：catskAts birdsbE:dz2>以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加es，讀iz如：busbuses 5bQsiz ;公交車 boxboxes 5bRksiz 盒子watchwatches 5wRtFiz手表 brushbrushes 5brQFiz刷子3>以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i再加es，讀iz；以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞直接在詞尾加s。如：baby babies 5beibiz 嬰兒4>以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞變f、fe為ves,讀vz 如：wolf wulf 狼wolves5>以o結(jié)尾的名詞加es 的有：her

34、o英雄 tomato西紅柿 potato 土豆，其他的以o結(jié)尾的名詞直接在詞尾加s如：zoozoos photophotos(4)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化：manmen男人 womanwomen 女人toothteeth 牙齒 foot feet 腳，英尺 goose geese 鵝mouse mice 老鼠 child children 孩子 (5)單復(fù)同形的名詞有：Chinese 中國人 Japanese 日本人Sheep 綿羊 deer 鹿 fish 魚注意：fish當(dāng)一條魚講時，單復(fù)數(shù)同形，如three fish. 當(dāng)各種各樣的魚講時，即強調(diào)魚的種類時，要加es. 如：all kinds

35、of fishes .各種各樣的魚 當(dāng)魚肉講時，不可數(shù)。 （6）名詞修飾名詞時的復(fù)數(shù)情況:a man teacher 一個男老師 two men teachers 兩個男老師a woman teacher 一個女老師 two women teachers 兩個女老師只有當(dāng)man和woman 修飾名詞時，前后兩個名詞都變復(fù)數(shù)。其他的名詞修飾名詞，只把最后的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如：a girl student 一個女學(xué)生two girl students 兩個女學(xué)生(7)不可數(shù)名詞的用法：1>不可數(shù)名詞前面不能用a，an來修飾，但可以與the連用，表示特指。2>不可數(shù)名詞不能和具體的數(shù)詞(o

36、ne，two，three，等)連用。3>不可數(shù)名詞不能用指示代詞this，that，these，those來修飾，但可以用some，much來修飾。例如：some orange一些橘汁 much water許多水常用的不可數(shù)名詞有三類，液體：water (水) coffee(咖啡) juice(果汁) 等,例如：a cup of water 一杯水 a bottle of juice 一瓶果汁肉類meat肉類，beef牛肉，pork豬肉，mutton羊肉等。注意：肉類中chicken 為雞肉時不可數(shù)，為小雞時可數(shù)（keep chickens養(yǎng)雞）。固定用法:bread 面包；rice 大

37、米，米飯；grass草；glass,當(dāng)”玻璃”講不可數(shù): hair 頭發(fā)當(dāng)滿頭白發(fā)中的幾根黑發(fā)時，或滿頭黑發(fā)中的幾根白發(fā)時可數(shù)。weather天氣; fun 有趣的事或人;advice建議; information信息,情報4>不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法： 在英語中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下兩種方法： 用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。例如：There is some milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。Is there any water in the glass? 杯子里有水嗎

38、？There is too much snow and ice. 冬天有很多的雪和冰。Linda has a lot of books. 琳達(dá)有很多書。 用a piece(bottle, glass) of 這類定語表示。例如：a piece of paper 一張紙 a piece of bread 一片面包a bottle of orange一瓶橘汁 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶如果要表示“兩杯茶”，“四張紙”這類概念時，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：two cups of tea 兩杯茶 four pieces of paper 四張紙three glasses of water 三杯水寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：butter