1、美國統一合伙法（英漢對照）Uniform Partnership Act Part PRELIMINARY PROVISION統一合伙法第一章 初步條款§1. Name of ActThis act may be cited as Uniform Partnership Act.第一條 法律名稱本法可被引證為統一合伙法。§2. Definition of TermsIn this act, "Court" includes every court and judge having jurisdiction in the case."Busine

2、ss" includes every trade, occupation, or profession."Person" includes individuals, partnerships, corporations, and other associations."Bankrupt" includes bankrupt under the Federal Bankruptcy Act or insolvent underany state insolvent act."Conveyance" includes every

3、 assignment, lease, mortgage, or encumbrance."Real property" includes land and any interest or estate in land.第二條 術語的定義在本法中，“法院”包括對一案件有管轄權的所有法院和法官。“商業”包括各種貿易、職業或專業。“人”包括個人、合伙、公司和其他組織。“破產”包括根據聯邦破產法的破產或根據任何州破產法的破產。“讓與”包括各種轉讓、租借、抵押或留置。“不動產”包括土地和任何與土地有關的利益或地上附著物。§3. Interpretation of Know

4、ledge and NoticeA person has "Knowledge" of a fact within the meaning of this act not onlywhen he has actual knowledge thereof, but also when he has knowledge of suchother facts as in the circumstances shows bad faith.A person has "notice" of a fact within the meaning of this act

5、 when theperson who claims the benefit of the noticeStates the fact to such person, orDelivers through the mail, or by other means of communication, a writtenstatement of the fact to such person or to a proper person at his place ofbusiness or residence.第三條 對“知道”和“通知”的解釋本法中，一個人知道一個事實，不僅包括他實際了解該事實，而且

6、包括在環境顯示為惡意的情況下，他了解相關事實。在本法中，聲稱對一項通知有利益的人在下列情況下可被視為已通知了一項事實：（a）他對某人陳述了一事實（b）他在其營業地或居住地通過郵遞或者其他通訊方式將一事實的書面陳述遞送給某人或某一特定的人。§4. Rules of Construction(1) The rule that statutes in derogation of the common law are to be strictlyconstrued shall have no application to this act.(2) The law of estoppel sh

7、all apply under this act.The law of agency shall apply under this act.This act shall be so interpreted and construed as to effect its generalpurpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.This act shall not be construed so as to impair the obligations of anycontract existing when the

8、 act goes into effect, nor to affect any action orproceedings begun or right accrued before this act takes effect.第四條 解釋規則（1） 對背離普通法的成文法必須予以嚴格解釋的規則不適用于本法。（2） 禁止反言的規則應適用于本法。關于代理的規則適用于本法。本法的解釋應符合下一目的即統一采納本法的各州的法律。對本法的解釋不能妨害任何在本法生效時已存在的合同的義務，也不能影響在本法生效前已經發生或者正在進行的訴訟或者程序。§5. Rules for Cases Not Pro

9、vided for in this ActIn any case not provided for in this act the rules of law and equity, includingthe law merchant, shall govern.第五條 適用于本法未做規定情形的規則法律的和衡平的規則包括商人法將適用于本法未做規定的情形。PART NATURE OF PARTNERSHIP第二章 合伙的本質§6. Partnership Defined(1) A partnership is an association of two or more persons t

10、o carry on asco-owners a business for profit.But any association formed under any other statute of this state, or anystatute adopted by authority, other than the authority of this state, is not apartnership under this act, unless such association would have been apartnership in this state prior to t

11、he adoption of this act; but this actshall apply to limited partnerships except in so far as the statues relatingto such partnerships are inconsistent herewith.第六條 合伙的定義合伙是指兩個或兩個以上的人以營利為目的、而以共同所有人的身份經營一項商業的社團。依據某州成文法或者依據某權力機關而不是該州權力機關所采用的法令而形成的社團不是本法意義上的合伙，除非該社團在該州采納本法之前已經成為一個合伙；除與有限合伙法相矛盾外，本法適用于有限合

12、伙。§7. Rule for Determining the Existence of a PartnershipIn determining whether a partnership exists, these rules shall apply:Except as provided by Section 16 persons who are not partners as to eachother are not partners as to third persons.Joint tenancy, tenancy in common, tenancy by the entir

13、eties, joint property,common property, or part ownership does not of itself establish apartnership, whether such co-owners do or do not share any profits made bythe use of the property.The sharing of gross returns does not of itself establish a partnership,whether or not the persons sharing them hav

14、e a joint or common right orinterest in any property from which the returns are derived.The receipt by a person of a share of the profits of a business is primafacie evidence that he is a partner in the business, but no such inferenceshall be drawn if such profits were received in payment:As a debt

15、by installments or otherwise,As wages of an employee or rent to a landlord,As an annuity to a widow or representative of a deceased partner,As interest on a loan, though the amount of payment vary with the profitsof the business.As the consideration for the sale of a goodwill of a business or otherp

16、roperty by installments or otherwise.第七條 認定合伙存在的規則在認定一合伙是否存在時，下列規則應予以適用：（1）除第十六條的規定外，彼此不是合伙人的人對第三人而言，不是合伙人。同租賃、普通租賃、完全租賃、共同財產、普通財產或者部分所有本身不構成合伙，不論共有人是否分享使用該財產所產生的利益。分享毛利本身不構成合伙，不論分享該利潤的人對產生該利潤的財產是否享有共同或普通權利或利益。某人因獲得某一商業利益的一份而開出的收條，構成他作為該商業的一個合伙人的初步證據，但是如果該利益以下列報酬的形式獲得則不能得出上述推論：分期或其他方式的償還債務，作為某一雇員的工資

17、或支付給某一地主的租金，支付給某一已故合伙人的遺孀或代表的養老金，作為某一貸款的利息，即使其金額隨該商業的盈利情況的變化而變化，因善意出售該商業或其他財產所得的以分期付款或其他方式表現的對價。§8. Partnership PropertyAll property originally brought into the partnership stock or subsequentlyacquired by purchase or otherwise, on account of the partnership, ispartnership property.Unless the c

18、ontrary intention appears, property acquired with partnershipfunds is partnership property.Any estate in real property may be acquired in the partnership name. Titleso acquired can be conveyed only in the partnership name.A conveyance to a partnership in the partnership name, though without wordsof

19、inheritance, passes the entire estate of the grantor unless a contraryintent appears.第八條 合伙財產（1）所有基于合伙形成的財產，不論是最初被帶入合伙股份的財產還是后來通過購買或其他方式獲得的財產，均屬于合伙財產。除非有相反的意思表示，通過合伙基金獲得的財產是合伙財產。任何不動產上的利益均可能以合伙的名義獲得。以這種方式獲得的權利只能以合伙的名義進行轉讓。除非有相反的意思表示，即使沒有遺產宣告，以合伙名義獲得的一項讓與擁有讓與人對該讓與財產享有的所有權益。PART RELATIONS OF PARTNERS

20、TO PERSONS DEALING WITH THE PARTNERSHIP第三章合伙人與同合伙交易的人的關系§9Partner Agent of Partnership as to Partnership BusinessEvery partner is an agent of the partnership for the purpose of its business,and the act of every partner, including the execution in the partnership nameof any instrument, for appar

21、ently carrying on in the usual way the business ofthe partnership of partner so acting has in fact no authority to act for whichhe is a member binds the partnership, unless the partner so acting has in factno authority to act for the partnership in the particular matter, and theperson with whom he i

22、s dealing has knowledge of the fact that he has no suchauthority.An act of a partner which is not apparently for the carrying on of thebusiness of the partnership in the usual way does not bind the partnershipunless authorized by the other partners.Unless authorized by the other partners or unless t

23、hey have abandoned thebusiness, one or more but less than all the partners have no authority to:Assign the partnership property in trust for creditors or on theassignee�s promise to pay the debts of the partnership,Dispose of the goodwill of the business,Do any other act which would make it i

24、mpossible to carry on the ordinarybusiness of a partnership,Confess a judgment,Submit a partnership claim or liability to arbitration or reference.No act of a partner in contravention of a restriction on authority shall bindthe partnership to persons having knowledge of the restriction.第九條 合伙人對合伙事務的

25、代理為了合伙的利益，每一個合伙人都是合伙的代理人。各合伙人的行為，包括以合伙的名義執行的任何文件，明顯地以通常方式執行合伙業務的行為均約束合伙，除非在特定事務中該合伙人實際上無權執行合伙業務并且與其進行交易的人已經知道該合伙人無權在特定事務上執行合伙業務。除非獲得其他合伙人的授權，一合伙人非以通常方式執行合伙業務的行為并不約束合伙。除非獲得其他合伙人的授權或者其他合伙人已經退伙，一個或一個以上但未達到合伙人總數的合伙人無權進行下列行為：為債權人利益分配合伙財產或者承諾償還合伙債務，善意處理合伙財產，可能使執行合伙的普通事務成為不可能的任何其他行為，為一項判決作證，為仲裁或公證人裁定出具一份合伙

26、聲明或承擔責任。（4）違背了權力限制的合伙人的行為不能使合伙受已經知道該權力限制的人的行為的約束。§10.Conveyance of Real Property of the PartnershipWhere title to real property is in the partnership name, any partner mayconvey title to such property by a conveyance executed in the partnershipname; but the partnership may recover such property

27、 unless the partner�sact binds the partnership under the provisions of paragraph (1) of section 9or unless such property has been conveyed by the grantee or a person claimingthrough such grantee to a holder for value without knowledge that the partner,in making the conveyance, has exceeded hi

28、s authority.Where title to real property is in the name of the partnership, a conveyanceexecuted by a partner, in his own name, passes the equitable interest of thepartnership, provided the act is one within the authority of the partner underthe provisions of paragraph (1) of section 9.Where title t

29、o real property is in the name of one or more but not all thepartners, and the record does not disclose the right of the partnership, thepartners in whose name the title stands may convey title to such property, butthe partnership may recover such property if the partners� act does notbind th

30、e partnership under the provisions of paragraph (1) of section 9,unless the purchaser of his assignee, is a holder for value, withoutknowledge.Where the title to real property is in the name of one or more or all thepartners, or in a third person in trust for the partnership, a conveyanceexecuted by

31、 a partner in the partnership mane, or in hoe own name, passes theequitable interest of the partnership, provided the act is one within theauthority of the partner under the provisions of paragraph (1) of section 9.Where the title to real property is in the names of all the partners aconveyance exec

32、uted by all the partners passes all their rights in suchproperty.第十章 合伙不動產的讓與任何合伙人均可以合伙的名義轉讓一項不動產，只要該項不動產是以合伙名義所有；但是合伙也可以收回該不動產，除非根據第九條第一款，做出轉讓的合伙人的行為已約束了合伙或者該不動產已被受讓人轉讓，或者對轉讓主張權利的人不知道做出轉讓的合伙人超越了其執行合伙業務的權限。只要轉讓的不動產名義上歸合伙所有，并且該轉讓行為根據本法第九條第一款屬于該合伙人的權限范圍，則出于衡平的考慮，由一合伙人以其名義進行的轉讓所獲的利益應轉歸合伙所有。只要被轉讓的不動產名義上

33、歸一個或一個以上但未達到全體的合伙人所有，而且記錄并未顯示合伙的權利，則以其名義享有不動產的合伙人可以轉讓該不動產，但是如果根據本法第九條第一款的規定，做出轉讓的合伙人的轉讓行為不約束合伙，則合伙可以對已被轉讓的不動產恢復其權利，除非該不動產的購買人或受讓人是付出價金的善意占有人。只要被轉讓的不動產歸一個或一個以上但未達到全體的合伙人所有，或者歸合伙指定的作為信托財產受托人的第三人所有，而且轉讓行為根據本法第九條第一款的規定屬于該合伙人的權限范圍，則由一合伙人以其自己或以合伙的名義做出的轉讓均享有合伙的利益。只要全體合伙人以其名義享有被轉讓的不動產，則全體合伙人對該不動產所有的一切權利在轉讓中

34、一并讓與。§11. Partnership Bound by Admission of PartnerAn admission or representation made by any partner concerning partnershipaffairs within the scope of his authority as conferred by this act is evidenceagainst the partnership.第十一條 合伙人的陳述約束合伙依據本法，由一合伙人在其權限范圍內做出的涉及合伙事務的一項陳述構成約束合伙的證據。§12. Par

35、tnership Charged with Knowledge of or Notice to PartnerNotice to any partner of any matter relating to partnership affairs, and theknowledge of the partner acting in the particular matter, acquired while apartner or then present to his mind, and the knowledge of any other partner whoreasonably could

36、 and should have communicated it to the acting partner, operateas notice to or knowledge of the partnership, except in the case of a fraud onthe partnership committed by or with the consent of that partner.第十二條 對合伙知道或了解合伙人的指控對一合伙人關于合伙事務的任何事件的通知和執行特定事務的合伙人的了解以及合理的能夠并且應該與執行合伙事務的合伙人進行溝通的其他合伙人的了解，構成合伙的通

37、知或了解，除非合伙人親自進行或在其同意下的行為構成了對合伙的欺詐。§13. Partnership Bound by Partner�s Wrongful ActWhere, by any wrongful act or omission of any partner acting in the ordinarycourse of the business of the partnership or with the authority of hisco-partners, loss or injury is caused to any person, not bein

38、g a partner in thepartnership, or any penalty is incurred, the partnership is liable therefor tothe same extent as the partner so acting or omitting to act.第十三條 合伙人的錯誤行為約束合伙因為一合伙人在執行合伙事務的通常過程中或與其共同合伙人的職權有關的錯誤行為或不作為，而導致對非合伙人的其他人的損失或傷害或引起處罰，則合伙與做出上述錯誤行為或不作為的合伙人承擔相同程度上的責任。§14. Partnership Bound by

39、 Partner�s Breach of TrustThe partnership is bound to make good the loss:Where one partner acting within the scope of his apparent authority receivesmoney or property of a third person and the misapplies it; andWhere the partnership in the course of its business receives money orproperty of a

40、 third person and the money or property so received ismisapplied by any partner while it is in the custody of the partnership.第十四條 合伙受合伙人違反信用的約束合伙必須賠償下列損失：（a）當在其明示權限范圍內行事的一合伙人接受了第三人的金錢或其他財產并對其濫用；以及（b）合伙在其存續期間接受了第三人的金錢或其他財產，而合伙人在上述被接收的金錢或其他財產處于合伙的保管之下時對其加以濫用。§15. Nature of Partner�s Liabi

41、lityAll partners are liableJointly and severally for everything chargeable to the partnership undersections 13 and 14.Jointly for all other debts and obligations of the partnership; but anypartner may enter into a separate obligation to perform a partnershipcontract.第十五條 合伙人責任的實質所有合伙人都必須對（a）根據本法第十三條

42、和第十四條對合伙提起指控的任何事承擔連帶和個人責任；(b)合伙的所有債務和義務負連帶責任；但是一合伙人可能為履行一項合伙合同而承擔個人責任。§16. Partner by Estoppel(1) When a person, by words spoken or written or by conduct, represents himself,or consents to another representing him to any one, as a partner in an existingpartnership or with one or more persons no

43、r actual partners, he is liable to anysuch person to whom such representation has been made, who has, on the faith ofsuch representation, given credit to the actual or apparent partnership, and ifhe has made such representation or consented to its being made in a publicmanner he is liable to such pe

44、rson, whether the representation has or has notbeen made or communicated to such person so giving credit by or with theknowledge of the apparent partner making the representation or consenting to itsbeing made.When a partnership liability results, he is liable as though he were anactual member of th

45、e partnership.When no partnership liability results, he is liable jointly with the otherpersons, if any, so consenting to the contract or representation as to incurliability, otherwise separately.(2) When a person has been thus represented to be a partner in an existingpartnership, or with one or mo

46、re persons not actual partners, he is an agent ofthe persons consenting to such representation to bind them to the same extentand in the same manner as though he were a partner in fact, with respect topersons who rely upon the representation. Where all the members of the existingpartnership consent

47、to the representation, a partnership act or obligationresults; but in all other cases it is the joint act or obligation of the personacting and the persons consenting to the representation.第十六條 對合伙人的禁止反言一個人作為處于存續期間的一個合伙的合伙人之一，其單獨或者與不是真正合伙人的一個或一個以上的其他人一起，通過他自己的口頭表達或書面語言或行為，或者同意他人對外代表自己來做出意思表示，則該人必須對善

48、意相信其意思表示并已對現存或顯然合伙提供借貸的人承擔責任，而且如果他已經公開地親自做出意思表示或同意他人代表自己做出意思表示，則不論其是否已對基于做出或同意做出意思表示的顯然合伙人的同意才向合伙提供借貸的人做出過或傳達過意思表示，他都必須對向合伙提供借貸的人承擔責任。如果上述情形導致合伙責任，則他必須承擔責任，就如同他是該合伙的真實成員。如果上述情形沒有導致合伙責任，則他必須與同意導致合伙責任的合同或意思表示的其他人一起承擔連帶責任，如果有其他人的話，否則承擔單獨責任。如果一個人或與一個或一個以上非事實合伙人一起，已經被陳述為一現存合伙的的合伙人，則對信賴該意思表示的人而言，他在同一程度上并以

49、同一方式成為同意受該陳述約束的人的代理人，就如同他是事實上的合伙人一樣。如果一個現存合伙的所有合伙人都同意該陳述，則一項合伙行為或合伙債務產生；但是在其他任何情況下，做出該陳述的人的或同意該陳述的人對該陳述負連帶責任。§17. Liability of Incoming PartnerA person admitted as a partner into an existing partnership is liable for allthe obligations of the partnership arising before his admission as though h

50、e hadbeen a partner when such obligations were incurred, except that this liabilityshall be satisfied only out of partnership property.第十七條 新合伙人的責任一個被允許加入一個現有合伙的人對其入伙前合伙組織的債務承擔責任，如同他在該債務發生時就已經是合伙人之一，除非僅憑合伙財產就能清償該債務。PARTRELATIONS OF PARTNERS TO ONE ANOTHER合伙人之間的關系§18. Rules Determining Rights an

51、d Duties of PartnersThe rights and duties of the partners in relation to the partnership shall bedetermined, subject to any agreement between them, by the following rules:Each partner shall be repaid his contributions, whether by way of capital oradvances to the partnership property and share equall

52、y in the profits andsurplus remaining after all liabilities, including those to partners, aresatisfied; and must contribute toward the losses, whether of capital orotherwise, sustained by the partnership according to his share in the profits.The partnership must indemnify every partner in respect of

53、 payments made andpersonal liabilities reasonably incurred by him in the ordinary and properconduct of its business, or for the preservation of its business or property.A partner, who in aid of the partnership makes any payment or advance beyondthe amount of capital which he agreed to contribute, sh

54、all be paid interestfrom the date of the payment or advance.A partner shall receive interest on the capital contributed by him only fromthe date when repayment should be made.All partners have equal rights in the management and conduct of thepartnership business.No partner is entitled to remuneratio

55、n for acting in the partnership business,except that a surviving partner is entitled to reasonable compensation for hisservices in winding up the partnership affairs.No person can become a member of a partnership without the consent of all thepartners.Any difference arising as to ordinary matters co

56、nnected with the partnershipbusiness may be decided by a majority of the partners; but no act incontravention of any agreement between the partners may be done rightfullywithout the consent of all the partners.第十八條 決定合伙人之間的權利和義務關系的規則合伙人之間就合伙組織的權利和義務關系，根據他們之間的任何協定由下列規則決定：在合伙的所有債務包括對合伙人的債務獲得清償后，各合伙人對合

57、伙做出的貢獻應得到回報，平等地分享合伙的利潤和盈余，不論該貢獻以合伙財產的資本金或預付款的形式做出；并且根據他在合伙利潤中獲得的份額來彌補合伙資本或其他方面的損失。合伙必須就合伙人因其在執行合伙事務時的普通和適當行為或者為合伙事務或財產而做出的合理支付和個人債務而賠償各合伙人。為了幫助合伙而做出的任何支付或預付款超過了他同意分攤的資金數額的合伙人，應該自做出支付或預付款之日起得到利息。各合伙人應該僅自其應支付款項之日起，就其支付的資金收取利息。就合伙事務的管理和行為，所有合伙人享有同等的權利。沒有合伙人能因其執行合伙事務而得到報酬，但是為結束合伙事務而付出服務的合伙人應就其服務而得到合理報酬。未經所有合伙人的同意則不能成為合伙的成員之一。就與合伙事務有關的日常事件而引起的任何爭議，可由多數合伙人決定；但是未經所有合伙人的同意，則做出違反合伙人之間的任何協議的行為是不正當的。§19. Partnership BooksThe partnership books shall be kept, subject to any agreement between thepartners, at the principal place of business of the partnership, and everypartner shall at all times have