1、學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載第四章動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法將傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法所說(shuō)的 “時(shí)態(tài) ”分成了兩部分： “時(shí) ”和“體 ”。“時(shí)”是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生或存在于不同時(shí)間的變化形式， 而 “體 ”則指動(dòng)作進(jìn)行或處于什么狀態(tài)的變化形式。英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)共 16 種，最常用的有 8 種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)。時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在體一般 do一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)進(jìn)行 be doing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)完成 have done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行一、一般體（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式： be：am/is/aredo/doe

2、s否定疑問(wèn)be： be + not；be：提至句首實(shí)意動(dòng)詞：借 dont/doesn 實(shí)t意動(dòng)詞：借 do/does 至句首I am a teacher.He is a teacher.They are teachers.I work in Beijing.She works in Beijing.They work in Beijing.1. 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： always usuallyoftensometimesseldomneveronce a week， twice a month（用 how often 提問(wèn)）every day(week

3、, month, year)every other day(week, month, year) 每隔一天 every two days(weeks, months, years)每隔兩天 on(at) weekendson SundaysI often go to school by bike.2. 客觀事實(shí)，普遍真理。此用法即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去語(yǔ)境中，也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載Shanghai lies in the east of China.The sun rises in the east.The teacher told us the earth moves around the

4、 sun.3. 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征，能力職業(yè)及狀態(tài)等。She knows several languages. The soup tastes good.4. 格言和警句中。5. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)用在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表將來(lái)。 （主將從現(xiàn)）We ll let you know as soon as you arrive.If it doesn，t rainwe ll go on a picnic as lannedp.6. 表示按時(shí)間表擬定的、安排好的活動(dòng)。The train leaves Nanking at six and arrives in Beijing at eight.Th

5、e final exam takes place next month.The first class begins at 8 o clock.【注意】常用于這種情況的動(dòng)詞有： come，go，leave， return， take place， begin，start等，句中常有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。（二）一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式： be：was/weredid否定be： be + not；疑問(wèn)be：提至句首實(shí)意動(dòng)詞：借didn t實(shí)意動(dòng)詞：借did至句首I was a teacher.He was a teacher.They were teachers.I worked.He workedThe

6、y worked.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I received a strange phone call yesterday.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： ago / a moment ago /a few days ago /long long ago last night(week, month, year)yesterday / the day before yesterdayjust nowin 1990this morningthe other day不久前的某一天in the old days在過(guò)去的歲月里【注意】（ 1）過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用 used

7、to或 would 加動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表達(dá)，意為：過(guò)去常常做某事或過(guò)去曾經(jīng)存在過(guò)的狀態(tài)。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載I used to go fishing on Sundays.This river used to be clean.（ 2）常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)固定句式中It is time that sb did sth 是某人該干的時(shí)候了would rather（that）sb did sth 寧愿某人去做某事if only sb did sth 要是某人做某事就好了It s time that we studied harder.-Your father is in your office-I d rath

8、er he came tomorrow.If only I were a bird.（三）一般將來(lái)時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式： will/shall （用于第一人稱(chēng)）+V-原形助動(dòng)詞否定疑問(wèn)助動(dòng)詞will/shall + not助動(dòng)詞will/shall提至句首I shall work.She will work.They will work.【注意】（ 1） will 可用來(lái)表示事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)Fish will die without water.（ 2）will ，shall 表示未事先思考或未計(jì)劃過(guò)的意圖。 will 可表示說(shuō)話人的主觀意愿和觀點(diǎn)。I will answer the phone

9、.I hope it will be warm tomorrow. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： tomorrowthe day after tomorrowtomorrow morning(afternoon, evening)next week(month, year)in+段時(shí)間 (in two days 兩天后 )（用in the future未來(lái)this afternoon (evening, Sunday)from now on從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始o(jì)ne day, someday （未來(lái)的）某天soon只要是關(guān)于以后的都可以how soon 多久之后 )提問(wèn)【注意】： this morning 過(guò)去式表示將來(lái)

10、的五種常用非時(shí)態(tài)方式（ 1） be going to+ V-原形多用在口語(yǔ)中，表示計(jì)劃、打算或根據(jù)目前跡象推測(cè)很可能發(fā)生的事。We are going to have a meeting today.今天我們開(kāi)會(huì)。 Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 要下雨了。（ 2） be about to do/be on the point of doing表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載We are about to leave我.們馬上就走。（ 3） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)（見(jiàn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法）（ 4）

11、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)（見(jiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法）（ 5） be to + V-原形表示按約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)和要求必須去做的事情。The Queen is to visit Japan in a week.She is to be married next month.You are to report it to the police.（四）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式： would/should（用于第一人稱(chēng)） +V-原形助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞否定would/should + not疑問(wèn)助動(dòng)詞 would/should 提至句首I should work.She would work.They would work.過(guò)去將

12、來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He said that he would wait for me at the gate.【注意】過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表達(dá)方式與一般將來(lái)時(shí)一樣， 只是有關(guān)動(dòng)詞要改為過(guò)去式。二、進(jìn)行體（一）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式： am/is/are + doing否定be：be + not；疑問(wèn)be：提至句首I am working.She is working.They are working.1.說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： now，at this moment，句子之前有 look ！， listen！也用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。They are having a

13、football match 他.們正在賽足球。Someone is asking for you on the phone.有人找你聽(tīng)電話。2. 現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)未必在進(jìn)行。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： this week/month/year，these days，at presentPeter is working on a new book about stories in school.3. 與 always，often， constantly，all the time 等連用表示說(shuō)話人的情感，如：贊許、批評(píng)；喜歡、厭惡等。He is always thinking of others.

14、（贊揚(yáng)）Why are you always coming late for school（.批評(píng)）4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)有些動(dòng)詞（ come， go， arrive，leave，stay 等）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的計(jì)劃或安排好的事情。We are leaving for Beijing next week.【注意】有些動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載（ 1） 感官類(lèi)： look，smell，feel，sound，taste， see， hear等 The soup tastes good（.不可說(shuō)： The soup is tasting good）. Your hands feel

15、cold.（不可說(shuō)： Your hands is feeling cold.）（ 2） 情感類(lèi)： like， love，prefer， hate，fear 等I love my dad and mum.(不可說(shuō)： I am loving my dad and mum.)（ 3）心態(tài)類(lèi)： wish， hope，want，believe，think ，know， need等。I don t believe my eyes（不.可說(shuō)： I am not believing my eyes.）（ 4）表示存在狀態(tài)的詞： lie （位于）， belong to，remain 等。Those books

16、belong to Mr. Li.（不可說(shuō)： Those books are belonging to Mr. Li.）（二）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式： was/were + doing否定be：be + not；疑問(wèn)be：提至句首I was working.She was working.They were working.1. 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： at that time，at that moment，then，at five yesterday，this time yesterday I was drawing a picture this time yesterday

17、.When he called me，I was having dinner.I was washing the dishes while mother was cleaning the table.2. 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： the whole morning，from two to four yesterday afternoon.I was tidying my bedroom the whole morning.We were working from two to four yesterday afternoon.三、完成體（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式： have/

18、has done（助動(dòng)詞）否定疑問(wèn)助動(dòng)詞have/has + not助動(dòng)詞have/has提至句首I have worked.He has worked.They have worked.1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)不久前完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。謂語(yǔ)用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： just，already，yet（用于否定和疑問(wèn)句），lately，recently，in the last/past few days，up to now，so far.He has just gone out.I have already finished my lunch.Have you finished the news y

19、et?He has written 8 books so far.In the past few years， great changes have taken place in my hometown.2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)直到現(xiàn)在為止的生活經(jīng)歷。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： never，ever（用于否定和疑問(wèn)句） ，（only） once，twice，three times學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載等，可以用 how many times 提問(wèn)，謂語(yǔ)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。He has never been late for school.-Have you ever climbed that mountain?-Yes，severa

20、l times.-How many times have you ever been to Beijing?-Only once.【注意】have gone to 與 have been to的區(qū)別have gone to表示去而未歸， have been to表示去過(guò)。It can t be John. He has gone to town.John knows the way well. He has been to the city before.3. 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)至今，可能剛剛結(jié)束也可能繼續(xù)下去。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： for + 時(shí)間段， since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)，可以

21、用 how long 提問(wèn)，謂語(yǔ)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。- How long have you lived here?-I have lived here for about ten years.We have been very busy since the new term began.4. This/It is the first/second（ that）ime從+句。 that 從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the first time（that） I have come here.5. It is / has been + 一段時(shí)間 + since 從句， since 從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

22、【注意】肯定句中非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的詞、 短語(yǔ)或句子連用， 但在否定句中可以用。肯定句中若有表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞要換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。We haven t come here for ages.The rain hasn t stopped since three hours ago.I have joined the Youth volunteers.I have been in the Youth volunteers for five years.（誤） He has come to Beijing since last year.（正） He has lived in

23、 Beijing since last year.（誤） He has joined the army for 3 years.（正） He joined the army 3 years ago.He has been a soldier for 3 years.It s 3arsye since he joined the army.常見(jiàn)的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的具體情況如下：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buyborrowarrive，comelearnmarrycome backleavediebegin， startfinish ，endjoinhavekeepstay /be here/

24、 be inknowbe marriedbe backbe awaybe deadbe onbe overbe in / be a學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載fall asleep/illbe asleep/illput onwearget to knowknow（二）過(guò)去完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式： had done（助動(dòng)詞）助動(dòng)詞否定had + not助動(dòng)詞疑問(wèn)had 提至句首I had worked.He had worked.They had worked.1. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去。即：一個(gè)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： by the end of last month，by t

25、he time I was five ，by that time 或根據(jù)上下文提示。By the end of last month he had only finished half of the work. By the time I was five，I had started learning English.I found your coat after you had left the house.2. 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，并有可能繼續(xù)下去。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： for， since 引導(dǎo)的表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。She said that she m

26、ade much progress since she came here.I had worked in a car factory for two year before I came here.3. 在賓語(yǔ)從句中也經(jīng)常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生。I thought I had seen him before.He told his Mom that he had run out of his money to buy books.4. It was/had been + 一段時(shí)間 + since從句。Since 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 It was ten yea

27、rs since we had had such a wonderful time.5.It / That / This was the first / second從 句time。that+that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.That was the first time that I had passed the exam.6. 表示愿望、打算一類(lèi)的詞，如： hope，except，mean，intend，want，think ，suppose等，其過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)

28、的愿望。I had hoped to see more of Shanghai我.本希望在上海多看看。 I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.I had thought you would come tomorrow.我本以為你明天才來(lái)呢。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.what did Yang Ying say?( C )She said they _ a school trip the next weekend.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載A. will haveB. hadC. would haveD. have2.Y

29、our sweater looks smart. Where _you _ it? ( B )A. do; getB. did; getC. will; getD. have got3.I don t remember when and where I _ this umbrella(D. )A. buyB. have boughtC. will buyD. bought4.What s hisbrother?He is a teacher. He _ maths at a school. ( C )A. taughtB. has taughtC. teachesD. will teach5.

30、The clothing store _ a sale. The clothes there are very cheap. ( C )A. hasB. hadC. is havingD. was having6.Hello, Mary! This is John. You must know why I _ you.( B )Oh, hello, John! I ve waited for this call since last month.A. calledB. am callingC. was calling D. have called7.Where is your cousin?(

31、 D )He _ an English exam now.A. hasB. hadC. has hadD. is having8.Betty will ring me up when she _ in Shanghai. ( B )A. arriveB. arrivesC. arrived D. will arrive9. Where s Lisa, Eric? ( C )She _ to the library.A. goesB. had goneC. has goneD. would go10.Our English teacher is very nice. We _ friends s

32、ince three years ago. ( C )A. wereB. becameC. have beenD. have made11.Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith?( B )Sorry, he isn t in. He _officethe.A. has been to B. has gone toC. has been away12.The task _ in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest. ( B )A. was finishedB. will be finishedC. has

33、been finishedD. can t be finished13. Sandy, I called you at 9:00 last night, but nobody answered the phone. ( B )I m sorry. We _ a birthday party _ Jerry.A. had; withB. were having; forC. are having; forD. had; for14. Did you sleep well last night?( C )Far from that! One of my neighbors _ music pret

34、ty loud.A. playsB. is playingC. was playingD. would play15. If Tom _ the game, we ll give him a surprise(B.)A. winB. winsC. wonD. winning學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】16. The supermarket isfar from Mary s house. So she only once a week.( A )A. goes shoppingB. has been thereC. was shoppingD. has gone there17. Mike,

35、 go and see who _ football on the playground.( A )A. is playingB. playsC. playedD. were playing18. _ you _ to the radio? ( D )No, you can turn it off.A. Did; listenB. Have; listenC. Do; listenD. Are; listening19. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _ English on the radio the day before yesterday. ( B )A. teache

36、sB. taughtC. will teachD. had taught20. I called you at about half past eight last night, but nobody answered. ( B )Oh, I _ in my office at that time.A. will workB. was workingC. workedD. had worked21.Why not go to see the dolphin show with me?( D )Because I _ it.A. sawB. will seeC. seeD. have seen2

37、2.Is your mother at home?( C )No, She _ shopping.A. has been toB. goesC. has goneD. has been in23.I m sorry you ve missed the train. It _ tes10 minuago.( A )A. leftB. has leftC. had left D. has been away24.Do you know Jack well?( D )Certainly. We _ friends since ten years ago.A. wereB. have madeC. h

38、ave becomeD. have been25.How many times _ you _ to Beijing this year?( A )A. have; beenB. had; beenC. have; goneD. had; gone26.When I got there, he _ them to dance. ( C )A. is teachingB. teachesC. was teachingD. taught27.The train is leaving right now, but David hasn t arrived yet.( C )Well, he said

39、 he _ here on time.A. cameB. will beC. would comeD. can be28.Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS!( B )Sorry, I _ it.A. don t see B. didn t seeC. haven t seenD. won t see29. Hurry up! It s time to leave(. A )Ok. _.A. I m coming B. I ll come C. I ve come D. I come30. There _ a football game between

40、Italy and Germany tomorrow morning. ( B )A. hasB. is going to beC. will haveD. has been 31. I will tell him as soon as he _ back( B )A. comeB. comesC. willcomeD. came32. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them. ( A )A. triesbuysB. triesbuiesC. trysbuysD. trysbuies33. _ your mother _ some cleaning on Sundays

41、? ( C ) A. Does does B. Do does C. Does do D. Do do34. We'll go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow. ( B )35. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games. ( C ) A. swiming playing B. swimming plaiingC. swimmingplaying D. swimingplaing36. Look ! The boy students are _ football while the girls are

42、 _ . ( B )A. playingdanceB. playingdancingC. playdancing D. playdance37.Mr. Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days. ( C )A. is writingis writingB. is writingwritesC. writesis writingD. writeswrites38.I _ to the cinema. I _ there every Sunday. ( B )A. go go B. am goinggo C. goam going D

43、. am goingam going39.When you _ at the door, I _ some washing. ( C )A. knockeddidB. was knockingdidC. knockedwas doingD. knockam doing40.The boy_ English on the radio when I _ his door. ( B )A. learnedwas opening B. was learningopenedC. learned openedD. is learningopen41.While mother _ some washing,

44、 I _ a kite for Peter. ( C )A. didmadeB. was doingmadeC. was doingwas makingD. didwas making42. He _ a model plane when I came to see him. ( C ) A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made43. I _ a letter at nine last night. ( B )44. The teacher_ us a history lesson when Tom walked into the classroo

45、m. ( D )A. gaveB. is givingC. was givenD. was giving45. There will be a football match in two days, that is _.( D )A. last SundayB. next SundayC. every SundayD. this Sunday 46.We _ class meeting this November. ( C )A. hadB. have C. will have D. are having47.He _ in his garden every morning next year

46、. ( A )A. will workB. worksC. workedD. is working48.Look at those clouds. It _ soon, I'm afraid. ( A )A. is going to rainB. is rainingC. will rainD. won't rain49." He _ to draw horses already."" When _he? " Last”year. "( D )A. learnedhasB. learneddidC. has learnedhas

47、D. has learneddid50.Tom _ up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there ! ( A )A. has gotisB. has climbedwasC. gotwas D. climbedis51._you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago. ( C )A. Didcopy didB. HavecopiedhaveC. Have copieddidD. Didcopy had52. _ you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ? ( A

48、) A. Have seen did see B. Did see die watchC. Have seen have seenD. Did see have seen53. Where _John _? To the library. He _ there for an hour. ( B )A. has beenhas goneB. has gone has beenC. didgo wentD. did be went54._ the baby still _ ? No, it _ crying. ( D )A. Hascriedhas stoppedB. Iscryingstoppe

49、dC. DidcrystoppedD. Iscryinghas stopped55.I _ the way. I _ here for quite many years. ( C )A. knewhave livedB. knewliveC. know have livedD. know live56._ you ever _America ? Yes, I have. ( C )A. Havegone toB. Havegone inC. Have been toD. Have been in57.By the time I _ back they _ up ten metres. ( B )A. came have climbedB. came had climbedC. come have climbedD. had come climbed58.Jack _ over five lessons by seven o'clock. Then he_ a test. ( C