1、The Present Perfect tenseWinter has already come，will it still be far in spring ?冬天已經來了，春天還會遠嗎？冬天已經來了，春天還會遠嗎？present(now)futurepastPresent Perfect Tens現在完成時現在完成時1.現在完成時表示過去發生或已完成的動作對現在造成的影響；現在完成時表示過去發生或已完成的動作對現在造成的影響； I have already had breakfast.（我已吃過早餐，我不餓了）（我已吃過早餐，我不餓了）2.現在完成時態還表示過去某一時間已經開始并一直持續到

2、現在現在完成時態還表示過去某一時間已經開始并一直持續到現在（包括現在在內）的動作或狀態，可以和表示延續的時間狀語連（包括現在在內）的動作或狀態，可以和表示延續的時間狀語連用表示持續的動作或狀態的動詞多是延續性動詞用表示持續的動作或狀態的動詞多是延續性動詞。 We have lived here for ten years/ since 10years ago.主語主語 + have/ has + 過去分詞（過去分詞（pp）助動詞助動詞,無意義無意義 現在完成時的結構現在完成時的結構Winter has already come，will it still be far in spring ?主

3、語主語 + have/ has + 過去分詞（過去分詞（pp）否定形式否定形式 havent ( have not ） +過去分詞過去分詞 hasnt ( has not ) +過去分詞過去分詞疑問句疑問句 把助動詞把助動詞 have / has 放在句首放在句首 現在完成時的結構現在完成時的結構注：主語若是第三人稱單數助動詞用注：主語若是第三人稱單數助動詞用 hasYou have planted all the trees.I have planted all the trees.He/she has planted all the trees.They have planted all

4、the trees. 區別區別have 和和 has的用法的用法 主語若是第三人稱單數助動詞用主語若是第三人稱單數助動詞用 has1、regular verbs 規則變化規則變化（過去分詞與過去時變化規則一樣）（過去分詞與過去時變化規則一樣）(1)、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked visit-visited-visited (2)、以、以“ e ”結尾的動詞，只在詞尾加結尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived 過去分詞過去分詞(3)、以、以“輔音字母輔音字母 + y ”結尾的動詞，將結尾的動詞，將 “y” 變為

5、變為 “i”， 再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied crycried-cried(4)、重讀閉音節結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音、重讀閉音節結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped drop-dropped-dropped 2、irregular verbs不規則變化（不規則變化（A-B-B）havehadhad spend spentspent makemademade saysaidsaid findfoundfound hearheardheard 3、不規則變化（、不規則變

6、化（A-B-C）taketooktaken speak spokespoken singsangsung drivedrovedriven bewas/werebeen gowentgone 4、不規則變化（、不規則變化（A-A-A）cutcutcutput putput letletletreadreadread 5 不規則變化不規則變化 (A-B-A) come came come become became become 1) 表示到現在為止已經完成或剛剛完成的動作。表示到現在為止已經完成或剛剛完成的動作。Now we have planted all the trees.He has

7、just come back. They have built many buildings in this city. 現在完成時的現在完成時的用法用法2) 表示過去發生的動作表示過去發生的動作,強調結果或對現在的影響。強調結果或對現在的影響。Someone has broken the window. (窗戶現在是壞的窗戶現在是壞的)I have already lost the key. (我現在沒有鑰匙我現在沒有鑰匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解書的內容不了解書的內容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干凈的手是干

8、凈的)常與常與already(已經已經), yet(已經已經), just(剛剛剛剛),ever(曾曾經經),never,for+時間段，時間段，since+時間點等詞或短語連時間點等詞或短語連用用. already: 常用于肯定句中常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句常用于否定句,疑問句尾疑問句尾. 3) 表示從過去開始并持續到現在的動作或狀態，常與表示從過去開始并持續到現在的動作或狀態，常與包括現在在內的一段時間的狀語連用。包括現在在內的一段時間的狀語連用。She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing sinc

9、e 5 years ago.since: (自自以來以來)1)since+時間點時間點He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 時間段時間段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 從句從句She has taught English since he came here. for: (長達）長達）for+ 時間段時間段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法: Take notes 用for 或since填空1.Mr. Brow

10、n has had his TV _ 15 years. 2. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. 3. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . 4. My friends havent visited me _few days ago. 5. We havent used our car _ a long time . 6. She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _years. 7. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old. fo

11、r since forsinceforforsince注：并非所有注：并非所有for作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時 搞清一般過去時和現在完成時的區別搞清一般過去時和現在完成時的區別I worked here for more than twenty years.(我現在已經不在這里工作了我現在已經不在這里工作了)I have worked here for more than twenty years.（現在我仍在這里工作）（現在我仍在這里工作）辨析 have been to和 have gone toMy father has gone to Shangha

12、i for a meeting.他（已經）去了上海。My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting.他（曾經）去了上海。 She has been to China . 她（曾經）去過中國。（人已經回來了）have been to someplace. 曾經去過某地，已經回來曾經去過某地，已經回來has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，還沒有回來某人去了某地，還沒有回來 She has gone to China.她去了上海 。（人可能回來了也可能沒回來）用用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空填空

13、：1.Where is your brother? He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice.3. Here you are at last! Where _ you _? I _ London.4. David _Australia. Im sure hes already arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.has gone to Have

14、been tohave been tohave beenhave been to has gone tohas gone to 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 5. I _ (work) here s

15、ince I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ yo