1、定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞或句子即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。第一部分：關(guān)系詞 I 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、(賓語(yǔ))、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that  這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在

2、從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如：  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）2） whose 用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose （of w

3、hich） cover is green.= the cover of which is green.3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（whic

4、h / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)） II. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason wh

5、y （for which） he refused our offer（結(jié)果）? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？III.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 （ where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)）判斷改錯(cuò)： （錯(cuò)） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （對(duì)） This is the mountain village （whi

6、ch） I visited last year.（錯(cuò)） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （對(duì)） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?    A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibiti

7、on was held.    A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one第二部分：定語(yǔ)從句類型I限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 1） 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is

8、very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）2） 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 3） 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

9、詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),并且關(guān)系詞不能省略。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。第三部分. 介詞+關(guān)系詞 1介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略，無(wú)論做從句中的任何成分。2介詞后不能用that。3某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的"介詞+關(guān)系詞&q

10、uot;結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ，where，why 互換。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?第四部分：兩大區(qū)別 I. as, which引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 A. as的用法：通常代指整個(gè)主句，表示的意思是正如正象其引

11、導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句即可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。 1.The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know. 正如我們所知到的，太平洋是最大的洋（引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的as在從句中做know的賓語(yǔ)，其代指整個(gè)主句）。 2.As we expect, we won the game. 正如我們預(yù)料的一樣，我們贏了 （引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的as在從句中做主語(yǔ)，其代指整個(gè)主句。從句在主句的前面 B. which的用法：可代指單個(gè)人或物。當(dāng)代指整個(gè)主句時(shí)表示的意思是主句和從句之間是因果關(guān)系即因?yàn)樗浴Ｆ湟龑?dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。 1. The

12、 house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。Which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在從句中做賓語(yǔ)，其代指主句的主語(yǔ)the house2.The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. 路太滑了，以至于引起了很多事故。 Which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在從句中做主語(yǔ)，其代指整個(gè)主句，主從句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，因?yàn)槁坊猿鍪隆?C. 句型as通常和such the same連用，代指物在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) 區(qū)別：This is the same

13、pen as I bought yesterday。 這種筆和我昨天買的筆一樣（同樣的但不是同一個(gè)）This is the same pen that I used yesterday.這就是昨天我使用的那一支鋼筆（指的是同一個(gè)）。典型例題：用which和as來(lái)完成下列習(xí)題1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.2）I want to have such a dictionary_ he has.3) The earth is round, _ we all know. II 關(guān)系代詞that

14、 與其它代詞的區(qū)別A 不用that的情況 a） 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如：（錯(cuò)）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b） 介詞后不能用。例如： We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.B 只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 a）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all,

15、 much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。 c）先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)b）先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。 d）先行詞有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只用that。.e ) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所

16、需的只是供油問(wèn)題。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。第五部分：特別提醒 I. 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致。例如：1.The boy who is standing at the door is my son.2.This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.3.This is the only one of the

17、best books that has ever been written on the subject.2、在one of the +  II . the way 做先行詞時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句可由that, in which 引導(dǎo)或不用引導(dǎo)詞The way in which/that/ ( ) you speak to your parents is not polite.第六部分：練習(xí) 改錯(cuò)1. Can you think of anyone whos house is on a pile of rocks?2. The house stood at the place which th

18、e roads meet.3. This was the plan to which he insisted.4. The girl studies music plays the violin very well.5. The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written. 6. This is the girl who practice playing the piano everyday.7. The person whom you want to see comes.8. The day which I was to

19、start arrived at last. 9. The watch which her mother gave it to her works very well. 10. This is the shop which keep open till eleven at night. 11. Is she the girl who her grandfather was a Red Army man? 12. I have known the reason which she is so worried. 13. The house in where we live is very larg

20、e. 14 The street which lead us to the Beijing Station is wide and long. 15. Do you know the driver whom caused the traffic accident where a man was killed? 16. Has she returned you the novel that you lent it to her last Friday? 17. This is the one hundredth letter which she has received from that bo

21、y. 18. We shall visit the university where my father teaches there.單選A1_ have plenty of money will help their friends.A. Those who B. He who C. That who D. You who2.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，_ ，of course，made theothers unhappy Awho Bwhich Cthis Dthat 3. This is the l

22、ongest train _ I have ever seen.A. which B. that C. what D. whom4. The radio set _ last week has gone wrong.A.I bought it B. which I bought it C.I bought D. what I bought5.The weather turned out to be very good， _ was more than we could expect Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dit 6._ we all know, swimming is a ve

23、ry good sport.A. Which B. That C. As D. Who 7. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who _ in China.A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working8. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. who D. whom9. My glasses, _ I was

24、 like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. which B. with which C. without which D. that10. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned.A. who B. from him C. from whom D. whom11. A harvester is a machine _ we harvest crops or a person _ is harvesting.A. which, who B. that, that C.

25、with which, who D. /, that12. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. what13. Chapin, _ money was now no problem, start a new film company with his friends.A. whose B. which C. for whom D. who14. The house _ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.A. wh

26、ich B. that C. in the front of which D. in front of which15. Antarctic, _ we know very little, is covered with thick ice all the year round.A. which B. where C. that D. about which16. It was a meeting _ importance I didnt realize at that time.A. which B. of which C. where D. whose17. All the apples

27、_ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. those B. that C. which D. what18._ is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month AIt BAs CThat DWhat19. Did you see the man _ ?A.I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just nowC. whom I nodded to him D. whom I nodded to just now20. I, _ you

28、r good friend, will try my best to help you.A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is21. -How do you like the book?-Its quite different from _ I read last month.A. that B. which C. the one what D. the one22. Ill tell you _ he told me last week.A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all 23. Willma b

29、ecame the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, _ made her mother very happy.A. it B. that C. which D. this 24. She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that 25. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of

30、whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 26. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it27. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when28 .This is Mr Smith, _ I think

31、 has something interesting to tell you. A . who B whom C. that D. /B1. Please put the letter _ he can easily find it.A. in which B. where C. the place where D. in the place2. They have decided to stay at home, _, I think, _ a wise choice.A. which, are B. which, is C. that, are D. that, is3It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer. A. that who B. that they C . they that D theywhich 4Is this factory _ we visited last year? A. where B in which C the one D at which 5.Is this the factory _we visited last y