1、 英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)順口溜短文改錯(cuò)很簡(jiǎn)單，名詞動(dòng)詞兩主線；每句話為一單位，錯(cuò)誤藏在句子間；名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)，形式是復(fù)還是單；動(dòng)詞及物不及物，有無(wú)賓語(yǔ)在后邊；何種時(shí)態(tài)弄清楚，主動(dòng)被動(dòng)需判斷；非謂動(dòng)詞何形式，作何成分是關(guān)鍵；形容副詞互擾亂，何種級(jí)別是重點(diǎn)；冠詞用冠不用冠，定冠還是不定冠；代詞指代要一致，定賓主表認(rèn)真選；從句連詞要判斷，做不做成分仔細(xì)看；遇到and要判斷，到底并列還是選轉(zhuǎn)；若為并列就不變，若轉(zhuǎn)but來(lái)更換；介詞副詞按短語(yǔ)，習(xí)慣用法按習(xí)慣；前后文章要連貫，審后沒(méi)錯(cuò)對(duì)號(hào)添。短文改錯(cuò)不難做，首先解題要沉著； 先看名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，再看代詞是否錯(cuò)； 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是關(guān)鍵，過(guò)去現(xiàn)在須分辨； 及物動(dòng)詞后有

2、賓，不及賓前定有介； 副詞修飾形副動(dòng)，名詞前面常用形； 連詞不能胡亂用，轉(zhuǎn)折承接須分清； 固定搭配很重要，句意也須心中曉。 牢記上述八大條，做起題來(lái)快又好。一看一致二詞類，三多四少五搭配，六句七語(yǔ)八非謂，九看邏輯對(duì)不對(duì)，拼寫無(wú)誤便全對(duì)。 1. “一致”，指一致性方面的錯(cuò)誤，包括主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致、代詞一致等。如： All he said were right. (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致，應(yīng)把were改成was） 2. “詞類”，指詞法，包括同義詞、反義詞、易混詞；名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單復(fù)數(shù)及所有格；代詞的格；定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞和關(guān)系代詞的誤用；名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用；比較范圍的錯(cuò)誤。如：

3、 We should remember what we all learnt our own language when we were children. (what應(yīng)改為that) She found a wallet laying on the ground. (laying應(yīng)改為lying) 3. “多”，指多詞，句中多了主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、冠詞、介詞、副詞等。如： This river is much more longer than that one. (多了副詞more) From his answer we shall know the something now. (不定代詞前不加冠

4、詞，故去掉the) 4. “少”，指少詞，句中少了主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、冠詞、介詞、副詞等。如： Then I began to pay more attention my pronunciation. ( attention 后缺少介詞to) 5. “搭配”，指固定搭配。如： We could learn a second language by the same way. ( 固定搭配應(yīng)為in the same way) 6“句”，指句型結(jié)構(gòu)。如: Long ago there had a war between the two countries. (表“存在”的句型應(yīng)為there be + 主語(yǔ)

5、，故把had改為was) 7. “語(yǔ)”，指語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： He broke the law and punished. (punished 前加was) 8. “非謂”， 指非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如： Scientists like Newton and Watt were usually interesting in these facts. (interesting 改為 interested) 9. “邏輯”，指文章的邏輯意義，句與句、段與段之間使用的承接詞是轉(zhuǎn)折型、遞增型還是因果型，以及受空間、時(shí)間限定的詞語(yǔ)的使用。如： This is a lie, and his parents did not

6、know. (兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折型，and改為but) 10. “拼寫”，指單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤。如： The hurricane destroied the houses along the coast. (destroied 改為destroyed一、解題思路（三步解題法）：第一步、快速瀏覽全文，把握文章的主要時(shí)態(tài)、人稱及文章的主旨大意，順便標(biāo)記自己一眼就能看出的錯(cuò)誤。第二步、細(xì)讀文章的每一句話。一般要結(jié)合文章的前后句以及出題規(guī)律來(lái)做題。第三步、代入已經(jīng)修改完成的答案通讀全文，看其是否通順。注意：在修改過(guò)程當(dāng)中，一定要相信自己的第一感覺(jué)。即一般來(lái)說(shuō)，第一次填寫的答案正確率比較高，沒(méi)有十足地把握不易輕易

7、改正！二、出題規(guī)律以及破解關(guān)鍵：高考短文改錯(cuò)出題人一般會(huì)在以下八個(gè)方面進(jìn)行出題。掌握出題規(guī)律之后做題便會(huì)事半功倍！1.動(dòng)詞：（1）主要考察能力：時(shí)態(tài)、主謂是否一致、固定搭配。（2）出題形式：時(shí)態(tài)混用ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.講解：很顯然此句子主時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去式，因此應(yīng)把can改為could。主謂不一致ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.講解：原句中a foot

8、ball game決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)，所以應(yīng)該把were改為was。固定搭配ie, I have given up somke. The dog doesnt like the smell.講解：give up doing sth。因此動(dòng)詞somke應(yīng)該改為somking。2.名詞：（1）主要考察能力：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)混用。（2）出題形式：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)混用ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.講解：“年齡多大了”應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式，應(yīng)此應(yīng)該把year改為years。注意：代詞單復(fù)數(shù)混用類似。ie, As for a friendship, we

9、can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.講解：顯然因該把them改為it，指代前面提及的friendship。此句話意思是“就友誼來(lái)說(shuō)，我們可以很容易地從我們的同學(xué)和周圍的人中找到。”3.形容詞/副詞（1）主要考察能力：兩者之間是否混用。 （2）出題形式：形容詞與副詞混用。即該用形容詞的地方原文用了副詞，該用副詞的地方原文用了形容詞。副詞代替正確形容詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.講解：

10、很明顯“與平時(shí)相比較更忙”，因此需要把usually改為usual。形容詞代替正確副詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds leaft in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”講解：原文意思是說(shuō)比賽還剩一分四十二秒時(shí)，她開(kāi)始興奮地叫道-，顯然應(yīng)把excited改為excitedly，用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞cheer。4.介詞（1）主要考察能力：（特別是與動(dòng)詞的）固定搭配。（2）出題形式：介詞省略ie, Im surt you

11、 will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.講解：get rid of 是固定搭配，意思為“擺脫，除去”介詞多余ie,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.講解：這里顯然示對(duì)because of與because用法的辨別區(qū)分。前者不能接句子，而后者充當(dāng)連詞可以接句子。所以應(yīng)該把of去掉。介詞用錯(cuò)(一般為固定搭配)ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Dont be sad, Miss.”講解：

12、pick out應(yīng)該為pick up。pick out挑選的意思；pick up撿起的意思。5.連詞（1）主要考察能力：前后兩句話之間的銜接關(guān)系。常考三種關(guān)系：but轉(zhuǎn)折and并列because原因 ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.講解：顯然原文中所要表達(dá)的意思是“我們開(kāi)車去的原因是因?yàn)槲覀円I好多東西”，所以應(yīng)該把but改為because/as/for。ie,Chatting on line, students can

13、 more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers.講解：原文表達(dá)的意思是“通過(guò)網(wǎng)上聊天，學(xué)生能夠更加輕松自由地表達(dá)自己的想法和觀點(diǎn)，并且如果他們同外國(guó)人交談，能夠提高他們的英語(yǔ)水平。”所以前后句之間是并列關(guān)系，因該把but改為and6.句式 （1）主要考察能力：常考that與what或which/how與what之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。（2）出題形式：ie, She never has enough time for tha

14、t she wants to do.講解：原文意思是“她沒(méi)有足夠多的時(shí)間來(lái)做自己想做的事情”，很明顯應(yīng)該把that改為what。注意：這一形式是改錯(cuò)常考點(diǎn)。ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area.講解：原文中需要一個(gè)連接詞承接前后連個(gè)句子，這個(gè)連接詞充當(dāng)be concerned about引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)該把which改為what。7. 冠詞（1）主要考察能力：句中冠詞是否多余（2）出題形式：冠詞多余ie, I sat in the front of

15、 the TV at 7 oclock, when the game just began.講解：區(qū)分in front of sth和in the front of sth。解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題記住一句順口溜就可以了“有the是內(nèi)無(wú)the是外”，即in the front of sth顯然是指在事物(sth)內(nèi)部空間的前面，比如說(shuō)I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽車的前面)；而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空間的前面，比如說(shuō)the car stops in front of the house(汽車停在房前)。因此

16、原文中應(yīng)該把the去掉。冠詞遺漏ie, As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.講解：at an - age固定搭配詞組，表示“出于-年齡”，比如說(shuō)at an early/tender age，可以翻譯為“很小/年幼的時(shí)候”8.代詞（1）主要考察能力：代詞是否多余，以及與反身代詞之間的混用。（2）出題形式：代詞多余ie, Dont lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, Im sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness.講解：lose heart：become discouraged泄氣；喪失勇氣；而lose ones heart（to sb/st）：fall in love愛(ài)上；鐘情于。原文意思很明顯是“別泄氣”。所以應(yīng)該把your去掉。一字之差，離題千里。代詞混用ie, We were living in a big family. We treate each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the oth