1、A .尺寸，形狀缺陷鑄造缺陷 casting defects尺寸超差 impropershrinkage allowance尺寸不合格wrong size模樣錯誤 excess rappingof pattern, deformed pattern , pattern error壁厚不均 differentthickness鑄型下垂mold sag錯型 mold shift , shift, miss-match , cross-joint舂移 ram off, ramaway塌型 mold drop,drop off, drop out, drop sticker上型下沉，沉芯sag（上型和

2、型芯下垂導(dǎo)致壁厚減小）飛翅 fins, joint flash翹曲 warp age , buckling , warping , camber鑄件變形 warped casting擠箱 push up,cramp-off型裂 broken mold,cracked掉砂 crush ofmold, crush變形 deformation , casting distortion, warped castingB.縮孔（由凝固收縮引起）縮孑L shrinkage , shrinkaged cavity內(nèi)部縮孑L internalshrinkage , dispersed shrinkage, b

3、lind shrinkage 敞露縮孔 open shrinkage,external shrinkages, sink marks, depression縮松 porosity, shrinkage porosity,leakers , micro shrinkage , disperded shrinkage縮陷 sink marks , draw, suck in芯面縮孔 core shrinkage內(nèi)角縮孔 cornershrinkage , fillet shrinkage出汗孑L extruded bead , exudation線狀縮孔 fissure likeshrinkage

4、Co氣體缺陷（由氣體引起的孔）氣孔 blowholes,gas hole , blow針孔 pinholes裂紋狀缺陷，線狀缺陷fissure defectsDo裂紋裂紋crack縮裂 shrinkage crack季裂 seasoncracking, season crack應(yīng)力熱裂 hot cracking,hot tearing , hot tear淬火裂紋 quench crack , quenching crack應(yīng)力冷裂 cold cracking,breakage, cold tearing , cold tear龜裂crack激冷層裂紋，白裂chill crackE。夾雜物夾渣

5、 slaginclusion, slag blowholes砂眼 sandinclusion, raised sand, sand hole其他夾雜物 the other inclusion脹砂 push up,cramp off, sand hole掉砂 crush , crushof mold硬點 hard spot浮渣dross （澆注后在鑄型內(nèi)形成的缺陷，尤其是石墨、氧化物和 硫化物的線狀缺陷的總稱，另外，澆注過程中被卷進(jìn)去的缺陷成為夾 渣和砂眼，兩者的區(qū)別是形成原因不同）石墨浮渣 graphite dross,carbon dross氧化皮夾渣 oxide dross , oxide

6、inclusion, skins, seams硫化物熔渣sulfide dross沉淀物sludge夾渣物 sand inclusion , oxide inclusion, skins, seams黑點，黑渣 black spots,lustrous carbon涂料夾渣 blacking , refractory coating inclusions光亮碳膜 lustrous carbonfilms , kish tracksF。外觀缺陷澆不足 misrun , shortrun, cold lap, cold shut冷隔 cold shut , cold laps輕度冷隔seam兩重皮

7、plate皺皮 surface fold , gas run, elephant skin, seams, scare , flow marks漏箱 runout,runout, break-out, bleeder漏芯 mold drop,stiker未澆滿 short pours,short run , poured short氣孔 blowholes, blow飛翅 fins,joint flash脹砂，氣皰 swell , blister芯撐未融合 chaplet shut , insert cold shut , unfused chaplet熱粘砂burn in熱痕 flow ma

8、rks內(nèi)滲豆，冷豆，冷隔 internal sweating , coldshot, shot iron夕卜滲物sweating磷化物滲豆phosphide sweat鉛滲豆lead sweat錫滲豆tin sweat掉砂rat, sticker （型砂的一部分附著在模樣上而形成的表面缺陷）G。型芯缺陷砂芯斷裂 crushed core , broken core砂芯壓碎broken core芯面縮孔core blow砂芯縮孔core blow砂芯下垂 sag core , deformed core砂芯彎曲deformed core漂芯 shiftedcore , core raise, r

9、aised core , mold element cutout偏芯 core shiftH.表面缺陷沾砂 burn on , sand burning , burn in , penetration粘型（金屬型fusion兩重皮 laminations , plat機(jī)械粘砂 penetration , metal penetration夾渣結(jié)疤 scabs expansion scabs , corner scab表面粗糙 rough casting , rough surface鼠尾 buckle , rattail涂料結(jié)疤 blacking scab , wash scabs烘干不足 s

10、ever surface , wash scabs熟痕 surfacedefect casting by combination of gas and shrinkage（在靠近厚斷面處形成下陷的蛇狀傷痕）涂料錄U落wash erosion氣皰 blister , surface or subsurface blow hole表面粗糙 rough surface ,seems , scars起皮 stripping錄U落結(jié)疤 pull down ,spalling scab傷痕 crow ' s feet麻面 pittingsurface , orange peel , alligat

11、or skin熱裂痕 surface folds , gas runs泡疤表面 surface folds , gas runs象皮狀皺皮 surface fold , gasrun , elephant skin皺皮 surface fold , gas run , seams , scare , flow marks波紋wave沖砂wash沖蝕 erosionI.組織缺陷（鑄鐵）球化不良 poor nodularity, degenerated graphite蠕墨化不良 degeneratedgraphite異常石墨 abnormalgraphite開花狀石墨 exploded grap

12、hite過冷石墨 under cooledgraphite , D type graphite石墨細(xì)小顆粒chunky graphite石墨粗大 kish graphite ,kish整歹！J石墨 aligned graphite石墨漂浮 floated graphite石墨魏氏組織 Widmannstattengraphite麻口 mottled cast iron , mottle灰點mottle反麻口 inverse mottle （與麻口相反，在薄斷面處和尖角處形成的麻口）白口 chill反白口 reverse chill , inverse chill冷豆 extruded bead

13、 ,exudation internal sweating退火不足 miss annealing , incomplete annealing粗大枝晶組織coarsened dendritic反偏析 inverse segregation比重偏析 gravity segregation溶質(zhì)偏析 solute segregation宏觀偏析 macroscopic segregation微觀偏析 microscopic segregationJ.斷口缺陷表面鐵素體ferrite rim表面珠光體pearlite rim白緣，脫碳 pearlitic rim , picture frame , p

14、earlitelayer不均勻斷 口 heterogeneous fractured surface破碎激冷層 scattered chill structure , cold flakes晶粒粗大 rough grain尖用丁狀斷 口 spiky fractured surface冰糖狀斷 口 rock candy fracture surfaceK.力學(xué)性能缺陷硬點hard spot （對鑄件，硬點是硬區(qū)、白口或冷豆等力學(xué)性能缺陷的總稱；對鋁合金,硬點是鑄件內(nèi)各種高硬度相，如初晶Si相、金屬間化合物、氧化物，偏析等總稱）硬度不良 poor hardness , too high or lowhardnessL。使用性能缺陷腐蝕性不良 poor corrosion resistance切削性不良 poor machinability麻點 torn surface鋅晶間腐蝕 zinc intergranular corrosion電導(dǎo)率不良 poor electrical conductivityM.其他缺陷殘留飛翅residual fin殘留黑皮 residualblack skin澆道冒口斷口缺肉 broken casting at gate , riser or vent端部缺肉inside cut切口缺肉（壓鑄件）inside cut翹曲（