1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上名詞性從句講義 8.19【考綱解讀】1.了解名詞性從句的基本用法;2.熟練掌握名詞性從句的引導詞及引導詞在從句中的作用;3.what與that的區別；whether與if的區別；4. it作形式主語和形式賓語；5. that引導同位語從句與定語從句的區別。【考題導引】1(2016·北京，29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A.what B.that C.whether D.why解析：考查表語從句。句意為：雨季最令人愉快的

2、事情是人可以完全不受灰塵的襲擾。分析句子結構可知，is后的表語從句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故選B。2The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津，11) A.whether B.that C.which D.what 解析：考查同位語從句。句意為：經理提了個建議我們應雇個助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子結構可知，空格后的同位語從句用來解釋說明suggestion的具體內容，從句中不缺成分且意義完整，故選B項。3We mu

3、st find out _ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015·重慶，8)A.when B.how C.where D.why解析：考查賓語從句。句意為：我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時候來，以便我們給他訂房間。由句意可知，要給Karl訂房間，那么就要清楚他來這里的時間，故選when。4Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.(2016·北京，24)A.However B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Wherever解析：考

4、查主語從句。句意為：你們的支持對我們的工作很重要，無論你們做什么都會有幫助。從句動詞do需要賓語，且引導主語從句，故用whatever，表示“無論什么”。5. _ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京，35)A.Where B.How C.Why D.When解析考查主語從句。句意為：我們怎樣理解事物與我們所感覺到的東西有很大關系。 分析句子結構可知“_ we understand things”為主語從句，結合句意可知選B。【知識梳理】名詞性從句指的是在主句中起的作用相當于名詞的從句，主要包括

5、主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、主語從句1引導主語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that, whether/if；連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how, whenever等。That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.從她們的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她們真是親姐妹。What struck me most in the movie was th

6、e fathers deep love for his son.影片中最打動我的是父親對他兒子深深的愛。2主語從句一般放在句首，但有時也可用it作形式主語，而將主語從句移到句子的末尾。常見的句型：(1)Itbe形容詞(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)that從句(2)Itbe名詞(短語)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)that從句(3)Itbe過去分詞(said/reported/decided/believed等)that從句(4)It不及物動詞(seem, appear, happen等)that從句

7、It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.盡管大約兩千名患者已經服用了這種藥，但是它會帶來什么樣的副作用還不清楚。Its no surprise that our team has won the game.我們隊獲勝一點都不令人吃驚。It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.會議被推遲到下周一召開已經定下來了。二、賓語從句

8、1引導賓語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that, whether, if；連接代詞what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how等；從句用陳述語序。We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我們許諾，任何參加這個聚會的人都有跟那個電影明星合影的機會。I truly believe that beauty comes from within.(2015·北京高考

9、單選)我確信美來自內在。We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.(2015·重慶高考單選)我們必須弄清楚卡爾什么時候來，以便我們可以為他預訂房間。2it作形式賓語的賓語從句(1)一些動詞后的賓語從句有賓語補足語時，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that引導的賓語從句后置。常見的這類動詞有：find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。He has made it clear that the meeting will

10、not be postponed.他清楚地表明會議不會被推遲。(2)動詞hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜歡”、“厭惡”的動詞以及一些動詞短語see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的時候，我會確保把他照顧

11、好。三、表語從句1引導表語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that, whether；連接代詞what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how等；從句用陳述語序。Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.杰里不后悔給出評論，但是覺得自己本來可以用不同的方法來表達的。Id like to start my own business thats what Id do i

12、f I had the money.我愿意自己創業那就是如果我有錢將會做的事情。2as if/as though引導的表語從句as if/as though引導的表語從句常跟在be動詞，seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等動詞之后。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.濃霧覆蓋著整座城市。好像把一個巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3because, why引導的表語從句because, why也可引

13、導表語從句，但because引導的表語從句，主語不能是reason或cause (該結構常用that引導)。常用于以下句型：China is developing fast. Thats why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.中國在飛速發展，這就是我為什么認為我的那些跟中國打交道的同事應該訪問中國。The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.他沒有通過考試的原因是他太粗心了。四、同

14、位語從句同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，位于該名詞之后，用以說明該名詞的具體內容。1常見的后跟同位語從句的名詞有：advice 建議 conclusion 結論demand要求 doubt 懷疑 fact 事實 hope 希望idea 主意 information 信息 message 消息 news 消息 order 命令 possibility 可能性 promise 諾言 question 問題 request 請求 suggestion 建議 thought 想法 plan計劃I made a promise to myself that this year, my first y

15、ear in high school, would be different.我對自己承諾：今年，我高中的第一年，會有所不同。Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?No problem. （ 你有可能到機場接我嗎？沒問題。）2引導同位語從句的連接詞有：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。Evidence has been found through years of study that childrens early sleeping problems are

16、 likely to continue when they grow up.通過多年的研究發現：有證據表明孩子的早期睡眠問題很有可能會隨著他們的成長繼續下去。She asked a question why there was a delay.她問了發生延誤的原因。I have no idea when he will come back home.在同位語從句中，that, whether不作句子成分。that無實義，whether意為“是否”，if一般不引導同位語從句。引導同位語從句的連接詞一般都不能省略。【考點突破】考點1what和that引導的名詞性從句1It is often the

17、 case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016·江蘇) Awhy Bwhat Cas Dthat 答案D解析考查主語從句的引導詞。句意為：通常情況下，對于那些心存希望的人來說，一切皆有可能。本句中的it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的名詞性從句，從句結構完整，不缺成分，故要用that引導。2The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016·北京，29)Awhat Bt

18、hat Cwhether Dwhy 答案B解析考查表語從句。句意為：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰塵的襲擾。分析句子結構可知，is后的表語從句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故選B。3A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _ships are built for.(2015·安徽，25)Awhat Bwhom Cwhy Dwhen 答案A解析考查表語從句的引導詞。句意為：船停在港口里是很安全的，但這并非建造船的目的。空格處引導的從句作表語，表語從句中的for后缺少賓語，用what引導，故選A。why和when是連接副詞，不能作賓語；whom指

19、人。4If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015·浙江，6)Awhat Bwho Cthat Dwhoever 答案A解析考查賓語從句的引導詞。句意為：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的話，務必調查清楚水面之下有什么。水中經常隱藏著石頭或樹枝。分析句子結構可知，此處investigate后跟賓語從句，從句缺少主語，故用what引導。who與whoever都

20、可以作主語，但是不符合句意；that在名詞性從句中僅僅起連接作用，不作句子成分。5Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for _ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015·陜西，19)Awhat Bthat Cwhy Dhow 答案A解析考查賓語從句的引導詞。句意為：讀了多麗絲·萊辛的傳記，我對她在文學上取得的成就欽佩不已。分析句子結構可知，介詞for后接的是賓語從句，從句中缺少achieve的賓語，故用what引導。考點歸納1what引導名詞性從句的五種用法：(1

21、)表示“的東西或事情”： Theyve done what they can to help her. 他們已經盡力幫助了她。He saves what he earns. 他賺多少，積蓄多少。 (2)表示“的人或的樣子”： He is no longer what he was. 他已經不是以前的那個樣子了。 Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是誰把弗雷德培養成現在這個樣子的？(3)表示“的數量或數目”： Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我們現在的收入是10年前的兩

22、倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.現在我校學生的數量是解放前的10倍。 (4)表示“時間”： After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎過了幾個小時他才苦笑著出來。 The young girl was too frightened to speak，standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩嚇得不敢說話，在那兒站了幾個小時。

23、 (5)表示“的地方”： This is what they call Salt Lake City. 這就是他們稱為鹽湖城的地方。 In 1492，Columbus reached what is now called America.1492年哥倫布到達了現在所稱的美洲大陸。 2what 與that引導名詞性從句時的區別：兩者均可引導主語、表語、賓語從句。that 可引導同位語從句，但 what 通常不用于引導同位語從句；what 可在從句中用作主語、賓語或表語，意為“什么”或“所的”，而 that 僅起連接作用，本身沒有實際意義，在從句中也不充當任何句子成分(引導賓語從句時通常可以省略，

24、如果有兩個或兩個以上并列的賓語從句，第一個從句的引導詞that可以省略，其余的不能省略)。He doesnt know what she likes. 他不知道她喜歡什么。I believe (that) he will come to see us. 我相信他會來看我們的。I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在這兒。考點2同位語從句與定語從句的區別1The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016&

25、#183;天津，11)Awhether Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 答案B解析考查同位語從句。句意為：經理提了個建議我們應雇個助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子結構可知，空格后的同位語從句用來解釋說明suggestion的具體內容，從句中不缺成分且意義完整，故選B項。2After investigation，the police found out one clue _ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhose 答案C 句意為：在調

26、查之后，警察發現了一條線索，那天有人聽到遠處某個地方傳來了呼救聲。設空處引導同位語從句，從句意義、結構完整，應用that引導，補充說明one clue的具體內容。考點歸納1判斷是同位語從句還是定語從句可以用“加詞”的方法，即在名詞和從句之間加入一個be動詞，如果句子意思成立，則是同位語從句，否則，則是定語從句。The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true.(同位語從句) The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.The notice that he read just no

27、w was true.(定語從句)2在某些名詞后的同位語從句中，其謂語動詞應用虛擬語氣形式：(should)動詞原形。常見的名詞有demand，request，advice，suggestion，order，plan，proposal等。The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted.在這里修建一座新橋的建議被采納了。考點3名詞性從句中whether與if的比較1We have offered him the position，but I dont have the slightest idea _ he will

28、 accept it.Ahow Bif Cwhether Dthat 答案C解析句意為：我們給他提供了這個職位，但是不知道她是否會接受。本題考查同位語從句。whether he will accept it是對前面名詞idea內容的補充說明。在同位語從句中表“是否”只可用whether不可用if。2It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.Awhether Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere 答案A解析句意為：老汽車站是否應該被一個現代化的

29、賓館代替仍然在討論之中。由or not可知此處應用連接詞whether，whether.or not意為“是否”。考點歸納whether和if在賓語從句中經常可以互換，但與or或or not連用時只能用whether；從句作介詞的賓語時只能用whether；在引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時一般用whether不用if。I asked the teacher whether/if it was true. 我問老師這是否是真的。The question was whether Tom has gone to Shanghai. 問題是湯姆是否到上海去了。The problem whethe

30、r it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed.這個問題是否正確還沒討論。It all depends on whether theyll help us.這完全取決于他們是否幫助我們。考點4when，where，how，why引導的名詞性從句1We must find out _ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015·重慶，8)Awhen Bhow Cwhere Dwhy答案A解析考查賓語從句。句意為：我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時候來，以便我們給他訂房間。由句意可知

31、，要給Karl訂房間，那么就要清楚他來這里的時間，故選when。2_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京，35)AWhere BHow CWhy DWhen 答案B解析考查主語從句。句意為：我們怎樣理解事物與我們所感覺到的東西有很大關系。 分析句子結構可知“_ we understand things”為主語從句，結合句意可知選B。3The exhibition tells us_we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015·四

32、川，8)Awhere Bwhy Cwhat Dwhich 答案B解析考查賓語從句。句意為：這個展覽告訴了我們為什么我們要做些事情來阻止空氣污染。賓語從句中缺少狀語，故選項C、D錯誤；where引導地點狀語從句，不符合題意，故選why，表示“的原因”。4_ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015·江蘇，25)AThat BWhy CWhere DHow 答案C解析考查主語從句。句意為：李白，一個偉大的中國詩人，其出生地是眾所周知的，但也有一些人不接

33、受它。“Where Li Bai.was born”作該句子的主語，表示“李白出生的地方”。考點歸納連接副詞指的是既具有副詞的特點，同時又能引導從句的詞，主要有when，where，how，why等。這些詞在從句中既作特定的成分，又有具體的含義，不能省略。大多數連接副詞表示疑問意義。When we shall meet again is unknown.我們何時才能再相見還不知道呢。(when引導主語從句，表示疑問)I dont know how I can get out of such trouble.我真不知道如何才能擺脫這種困境。(how引導賓語從句，表示疑問)This is wher

34、e the accident happened.這是事故發生的地方。(where引導表語從句，不表疑問)I have no idea why he left here.我不知道他為什么離開這里。(why引導同位語從句，表示疑問)考點5疑問詞­ever引導的名詞性從句1Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.(2016·北京，24)AHowever BWhoever CWhatever DWherever 答案C解析考查主語從句。句意為：你們的支持對我們的工作很重要，無論你們做什么都會有幫助。從句動詞d

35、o需要賓語，且引導主語從句，故用whatever，表示“無論什么”。2Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014·北京，33)Awhatever Bwhenever Cwherever Dhowever 答案A解析考查賓語從句。believe后是賓語從句且從句中缺少主語，四個選項中只有whatever可以作主語。考點歸納whichever，whatever，whoever引導名詞性從句，它們本身有詞義，既有連接從句的作用，又在從

36、句中分別充當主語、賓語、定語成分，起強調作用，意思是“無論，不管”。The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱樂部將給得勝者獎勵。(賓語從句)I believe whatever he says. 我相信他所說的一切。(賓語從句)Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps.不論誰，要想達到一個遠大的目標，就必須采取許多細小的步驟。(主語從句)【真題感悟】1(2016·高考全國乙卷短文改錯)My uncle is the owner of a restaura

37、nt close to that I live._ 2(2016·高考北京卷單選，29改編)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.3(2016·高考天津卷單選，11改編)The manager put forward a suggestion_we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.4(2016·高考江蘇卷單選，21改編)It is often the case_

38、 anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.5(2016·高考北京卷單選，24改編)Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.6(2015·高考北京卷單選，35改編)_we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.7(2015·高考江蘇卷單選，25改編) _ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the pub

39、lic，but some won't accept it.8(2015·高考浙江卷單選，6改編)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.9(2014·高考大綱卷單選，24改編)Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably

40、around 1565.10(2012·高考新課標全國卷單選，24改編)It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.11(2015·高考全國卷短文改錯)After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing._ 12(2015·高考全國卷語法填空)As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.13(2014·高考廣東卷語法填空)I didn't understand_ this would happen and my credit