1、unit 4sharingthe world is not made of bricks and mortar (泥漿). it is made up of people interacting (相互影響) with each other and supporting each other. each year volunteer workers put in hundreds of thousands of hours in a huge range of activities. sometimes they are in formal organizations; more often

2、they are simply helping out those in the neighborhood less fortunate than themselves. what they have in common is that they are doing their volunteer work because they want to, not because they are paid.international volunteer day celebrates one of the most honorable jobs in the world being a volunt

3、eer. many not­for­profit and non­government organizations rely on the devotion of volunteers and international volunteer day gives these organizations an opportunity to acknowledge (認可) their efforts.the united nations general assembly (聯(lián)合國大會) established international volunteer day i

4、n 1985. international volunteer day is the perfect time for an organization to express thanks to its volunteers.開啟快樂學習之旅助人等于助己，助人為樂。志愿服務是一條雙向路。當志愿人員幫助其他人實現(xiàn)積極變革時，他們自己的生活也常常因為志愿服務本身而發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。就讓我們一起了解一下國際志愿者日吧！unit 4sharing section warming up reading.重點單詞1concept n. 觀念；概念2weekly adj. & adv. 每周(的)week n

5、. 周，星期3relevant adj. 有關(guān)的；切題的4remote adj. 遙遠的；偏僻的5adjust vi. & vt. 調(diào)整；(使)適合adjustment n. 調(diào)整；適合adjustable adj. 可調(diào)整的6participate vi. 參與；參加participation n. 參加participant n. 參加者7otherwise conj. 否則；不然；adv. 用別的方法；其他方面8privilege n. 特權(quán)；特別優(yōu)待9arrangement n. 安排；排列arrange v. 安排.重點短語1hear_from 接到的信hear_of/abo

6、ut 聽說2(be)_dying_to 極想；渴望be_eager_to_do/be_anxious_to_do/long_to_do 渴望做3the_other_day 不久前的一天4dry_out (使浸水等之物)完全變干；干透dry_up (指河流、井等)干涸.重點句式1it takes sb.some time to do sth.花費某人多少時間做某事it takes me only a few minutes to_walk (walk) to school down a muddy track.我沿著一條泥濘的小路步行，只要幾分鐘就到學校了。2be doing.when.正在做突

7、然the other day i was_showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when,_before i knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!不久前的一天，我正給男孩子們演示每周一次的化學實驗，我還沒有明白怎么回事，混合劑就到處冒氣泡了！3do表強調(diào)的用法but last weekend another teacher, jenny, and i did_visit_a_village which is the home of one of the boys, tom

8、be.但是上個周末，我和另一個老師，珍妮，確實拜訪了一個村莊，其中一個男孩湯貝的家就在那里。4from where引導定語從句we walked for two and a half hours to get there first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.我們走了兩個半小時才到了那兒先爬到了一座山的山頂，從那兒我們欣賞到了優(yōu)美的風景，然后又沿著陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。課文預讀一封家書第12段譯文親愛的羅斯

9、瑪麗：謝謝你的來信，這封信花費了兩星期才到。接到你的信真是太高興了。我知道你急于了解我在這兒的生活情況，所以我在信中附有幾張照片，這將幫助你想象出我所談到的地方。你問起我的中學情況。嗯，它是一所叢林學校教室是用竹子搭起來的，屋頂是用茅草蓋的。我只要沿著一條泥濘的小路步行幾分鐘就到學校了。當我走到學校操場的時候，迎接我的是男孩子們一片“早上好”的聲音。他們中許多人走了很長的路，有時候走多達兩個小時才到學校。第34段譯文這兒沒有電，也沒有水，甚至連課本也沒有！我還在努力適應這些情況。但是有一點是肯定的，我在教學中變得更富有想象力了。理科對我來說是最富挑戰(zhàn)性的課程，因為我的學生對做實驗沒有概念。實際

10、上，根本沒有設備。如果需要水，我還得從家里用水桶提過來！不久前的一天，我正給男孩子們做每周一次的化學實驗的演示，我還沒有明白怎么回事，混合劑就到處冒氣泡了！男孩子們以前從來沒有見過這種情況，嚇得都往窗外跳去。有時候，我真想知道，化學對這些學生究竟有多大用處。不管怎樣他們中的大多數(shù)人上完八年級以后就要回到他們的村莊去了。說實在的，我很懷疑我教的課是否會讓這些男孩子的生活有所改變。你問我是否了解當?shù)氐睦习傩铡｀牛菍嵲谑翘y了，因為我還說不了幾句當?shù)厝苏f的英語方言。不過，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的教師真的去訪問了一個村莊，那是其中一個男孩湯貝的家。這是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。我們步行了兩個半小時

11、才到達那里先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一個陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。當我們到達村莊的時候，湯貝的母親齊亞克本來在園子里拔草，看到我們就“噯矣，噯矣”地叫了起來。我們同所有的村民都握了手。每個人看上去都是湯貝家的親戚。第5段譯文湯貝的父親，莫卡普，把我們帶到他的家里。這是一個低矮的竹屋，屋頂上伸出一簇茅草這表示這間竹屋是男人住的。屋子是圓的，不像學校那樣是長方形的。這里沒有窗戶，房門只夠一個人進出。小屋內(nèi)很黑，因此眼睛要過好一陣才能適應過來。地上擺放著一堆新鮮的草，還有一個新做的平臺，是供珍妮和我睡覺用的。通常齊亞克是睡在她自己的小屋里的，而那天晚上她要同我們一起睡在平臺上。莫卡普

12、和湯貝則睡在竹屋另一邊的小床上。在竹屋中間靠近房門的地方有一個火爐。我所看到的僅有財產(chǎn)就是一把掃帚、幾個錫盤和錫杯，還有幾個罐子。第6段譯文莫卡普在屋子外邊生火。一旦火著起來后，他就往火里放了幾塊石頭。當燒熱時，他把石頭放在一個空油桶里，加上一些考考(紅薯)、玉米和青菜，然后用香蕉葉子把這些蔬菜蓋上，等著它們蒸熟。我用鼻子嗅，食物聞起來很香。我們在小屋里圍著火爐坐下來吃東西。我喜歡聽一家人用他們的語言輕聲細語地交談，雖然我無法參與到他們的對話中去。幸好，湯貝能給我們當翻譯。第79段譯文后來，我發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個錫罐子倒放在火爐的烤架上。過了一會兒，湯貝把它從門道里扔了出去。我不懂為什么這樣做。湯貝告訴

13、我說，罐子加熱是為了把里面的殘菜剩飯燒干。他們相信剩飯在夜晚會引來邪靈，所以要把食物放在罐子里燒干，再把罐子扔到屋外去。否則的話，他們是不會浪費任何東西的。第二天早晨，經(jīng)過一番緊緊握手和道別之后，我們就離開了村莊。我們爬下山回家，往回走的時候，我的腿部肌肉發(fā)痛，膝蓋發(fā)抖。那天晚上我很開心，倒在床上就睡了。能與湯貝一家度過一天的時間真是莫大的榮幸。天色很晚了，我還得準備明天的課，做一些文書工作。請早日來信。愛你的，喬課文理解.課文判斷正(t)誤(f)1the classrooms are made of bricks and the roofs of grass.(f)2it always ta

14、kes the boys only a few minutes to get to the school.(f)3science is the most challenging subject for jo.(t)4when jo and jenny arrived at the village, they shook hands with all the villagers.(t)5tombe threw out the tin can because it's very dirty.(f).課文閱讀理解1which of the following is true about jo

15、's attitude?ashe is sure that all the boys will go to college in the future.bshe believes that chemistry is very useful to the boys.cshe is wondering if she can make any difference to the boys' lives.dshe doesn't like the simple life in the mountain village.答案：c2in a chemistry experiment

16、 the boys jumped out of the windows because they _.awere frightened by the bubbling mixturebcouldn't stand the terrible smell of the mixturecdidn't like doing chemistry experimentsdknew chemistry was not relevant to them答案：a3by writing “the only possessions i could see were.”， the author wan

17、ts to tell us _.atombe's family were kind­heartedbtombe's family were guest­loversctombe's family only used simple thingsdtombe's family was too poor答案：d4which of the following descriptions is not true about tombe's house?ait was a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out

18、 of the roof.bit was dark and there was a fireplace in the centre of it.cit was round­shaped, with small windows and a narrow doorway.dthere were only a few possessions in it.答案：c5how did jo feel after the visit to tombe's family?ahappy.bsad.cworried.dupset.答案：a.課文難句分析1sometimes i wonder ho

19、w relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after year 8 anyway.句式分析此句為復合句，how引導賓語從句；most of whom引導定語從句。自主翻譯有時候，我真想知道化學對這些學生有多大用處，畢竟他們中的大多數(shù)人上完八年級以后就要回到他們的村莊去了。2tombe's father, mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of

20、 the roof this shows it is a man's house.句式分析mukap作tombe's father的同位語，a low bamboo hut作his house的同位語；with grass sticking out of the roof是with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，修飾hut；it is a man's house為省略that的賓語從句。自主翻譯湯貝的父親莫卡普把我們帶到他的家里。這是一個低矮的竹屋，屋頂上伸出一簇茅草它表示這間竹屋是男人住的。1 (教材p29)sometimes i wonder how relevant chemi

21、stry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after year 8 anyway.有時候，我真想知道化學對這些孩子究竟有多大的用處。反正他們中大多數(shù)上完八年級以后就會回到他們的村莊去。be relevant tohave sth.to do with與有關(guān)relevance n. 關(guān)聯(lián)have (no) relevance to 與有(無)關(guān)relevantly adv. 有關(guān)地；切題地irrelevant adj. 無關(guān)的；不切題的即學即用(1)these issues are d

22、irectly relevant to the needs of slow learners.這些問題與學得慢的人的需要有直接關(guān)系。(2)what you have said has no relevance to the subject.你所說的與主題無關(guān)。(3)i don't think what he said is_relevant_to the topic we are discussing. he has missed the point.我認為他的發(fā)言和我們正在討論的話題無關(guān)，他沒有抓住要領(lǐng)。(4)the new machine's relevantly deta

23、iled functions have to be further studied.有關(guān)這臺新機器的詳細功能還需要進一步研究。2 (教材p30)the hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.小屋內(nèi)很黑，因此我們的眼睛要過好一陣才能適應過來。(1)adjust sth.to sth.調(diào)整以適應adjust to sth./doing sth. 適應于(做)某事adjust oneself to 使自己適應于(2)adjustment n. 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)，適應make an adjustment 做出調(diào)整(3)adjus

24、table adj. 可調(diào)整的即學即用(1)it took a while for her eyes to adjust to the darkness.她用一小會兒的時間來讓眼睛適應黑暗。(2)this kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need.這種課桌可以調(diào)整到你需要的高度。(3)she's in new surroundings, and she has to make an adjustment.她現(xiàn)在在新環(huán)境里，需要做出調(diào)整。(4)when a child is studying abroad, he must l

25、earn to adjust_to_living on his own.當一個孩子在國外留學時，他必須要學會適應靠自己生活。(5)單句填空the desks and chairs are adjustable (adjust), and you can adjust (adjust) them to the height of the students. the adjustment (adjust) is not difficult to_make (make)3 (教材p30) i loved listening to the family softly talking to each o

26、ther in their language, even though i could not participate in the conversation.我喜歡聽他們家里人輕聲細語地用自己的語言交談，盡管我不能參與談話。(1)participate in參加participate in (doing) sth.with sb. 與某人一起參加/參與做某事participate with sb.in sth. 與某人分擔某事(2)participation n. 參加；參與participant n. 參加者；參與者即學即用(1)last spring, i was fortunate t

27、o be chosen to participate in an exchange study programme.去年春天，我有幸被選中參加一個交流學習的項目。(2)the internet provides people with an interactive platform to communicate and participate with each other.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)給人們提供了一個相互交流、相互參與的互動平臺。(3)encouraged by the teacher, the participants actively participated_in the english s

28、peech contest.在老師的鼓勵下，參與者積極參加英語演講比賽。(4)一句多譯it is difficult for you to defend your championship because there_are_so_many_students_participating_in the competition. (there be結(jié)構(gòu))with_so_many_students_participating_in the competition, it is difficult for you to defend your championship. (with的復合結(jié)構(gòu))有這么多

29、的學生參加比賽，你要保住冠軍是很難的。4 otherwise conj. 否則，不然；adv. 用別的方法；其他方面；adj. 別的，另外的；不同的(教材p30)otherwise they don't waste anything.否則的話他們是不會浪費任何東西的。同義短語：or else否則；in other ways在其他方面or otherwise或相反but otherwise 但在別的方面卻and otherwise 等等；及其他溫馨提示otherwise表示相反的假設時，其分句謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。即學即用(1)we'll go early, otherwise

30、we may not get a seat.(作連詞)我們得早點兒去，要不然就沒有座位了。(2)we were delayed at the airport, otherwise we would have been here by lunchtime. (虛擬)我們在機場延誤了時間，否則的話，我們就可以在吃午餐前趕到這兒。(3)we lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would_have_visited more places of interest yesterday.昨天我們在那個小村莊迷路了，否則的話，我們會多參觀幾個名勝

31、古跡的。(4)i was ill that day, otherwise/or/or_else i would have participated in the sports meet.那天我病了，否則我會去參加運動會的。5 (教材p30)it was such a privilege to have spent a day with tombe's family.跟湯貝一家度過一天，真是一種殊榮。(1)it's a privilege to do sth.能做真是光榮。have the privilege to do/of 有(做)的特權(quán)/榮幸(2)privilege vt.

32、 給予特權(quán)，特別優(yōu)待(3)privileged adj. 有特權(quán)的；受特別優(yōu)待的be privileged to do sth 有幸做即學即用(1)only the students in this school enjoy the privilege of the free meals.只有本校的學生才能享受免費用餐的特權(quán)。(2)i hope to have the privilege of working with them again.但愿有幸與他們再度合作。(3)it's_a_great_privilege (是莫大的榮幸) to meet you here.(4)the di

33、sabled have_the_privilege (有特權(quán)) to go to hospital freely in that area.6 (教材p31)sleeping arrangements睡覺安排(1)come to an arrangement談妥；達成協(xié)議make arrangements for 為做好準備；為做好安排(2)arrange v. 安排；排列；協(xié)商arrange (for sb./sth.) to do sth. 安排(某人/某物)做某事arrange with sb.to do sth. 和某人商定做某事it is/was arrangedthat從句. 據(jù)約

34、定/安排溫馨提示arrange sth.安排某事，而arrange for sth.指為某事做準備。即學即用(1)we arranged for a car to meet them at the airport.我們安排了一輛車去機場接他們。(2)it is arranged that the meeting will be cancelled.據(jù)安排這次會議將會被取消。(3)we have finished all_the_arrangementsfor the party.我們已經(jīng)完成晚會的所有安排工作。(4)單句填空they had an arrangement (arrange) t

35、hat the children would spend their holiday abroad.1 (教材p29)i know you're dying to hear all about my life here, so i've included some photos which will help you picture the places i talk about.我知道你急于了解我在這兒的生活情況，所以我在信中附有幾張照片，這將幫助你想象出我所談到的地方。(1)be dying/eager/anxious/thirsty to do sth.渴望做某事be d

36、ying/eager/anxious/thirsty for sth. 渴望得到某物(2)long for/to do sth. 渴望得到某物/做某事desire for/to do sth. 渴望得到某物/做某事即學即用firstly, as a student who is dying to learn knowledge, it is necessary to build an effective method in your study.首先，作為一名渴望學習知識的學生，你在學習中有必要形成一種有效的學習方法。the staff are dying for a chance to go

37、 to the shore annually.全體員工都渴望每年有機會去海邊。hearing the news, she was dying to_congratulate (congratulate) her husband on passing the driving test.聽到這一消息，她極想慶祝她丈夫通過了駕駛考試。2 (教材p29)the other day i was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before i knew it, the mixture was bubbling over eve

38、rywhere!不久前的一天，我正給男孩子們做每周一次的化學實驗的演示，我還沒有明白怎么回事，混合劑就到處冒氣泡了！one day有一天(多用于一般過去或?qū)頃r)some day 某一天；有朝一日(多用于將來時)another day 改天(表示近期將來的某一天)the other days 其他幾天(某范圍內(nèi)的幾天)即學即用the other day, when jogging along the shore, i witnessed a giant awesome shark with sharp teeth.不久前的一天，當我沿著海岸慢跑時，我目睹了一條長著鋒利牙齒的可怕的大鯊魚。one

39、 day i went (go) to see my first teacher, but he happened to be out.有一天，我去看我的啟蒙老師，可碰巧他出去了。some day you'll be bound to_pay (pay) for what you have done.總有一天你要為你的行為而付出代價的。3 (教材p30)tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food.湯貝告訴我說，罐子加熱是為了把里面的殘菜剩飯燒干。dry out完全變干；干透dry up 干涸(指河

40、流、湖泊等無水了)即學即用don't leave the bread on the table; it will dry out.不要把面包放在桌子上，它會干掉的。as the river dried up,_a lot of fish in the depths died, and the land around dried out.由于河流干涸，河水深處的許多魚都死了，而且周圍的土地也干透了。1 but last weekend another teacher， jenny， and i did visit a village which is the home of one of

41、 the boys， tombe.不過，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的教師真的去訪問了一個村莊，那是其中一個男孩湯貝的家。(1)did visit.屬于“do/does/did動詞原形”構(gòu)成的強調(diào)句型。he does know the place well.他的確很熟悉這個地方。(2)這種強調(diào)句只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時，且只對肯定的謂語動詞進行強調(diào)，不用于否定句和疑問句。he did_come here yesterday.他昨天的確來過這里。do write to me when you get there.你到那兒后務必給我來信。2 we walked for two and a half

42、hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.我們步行了兩個半小時才到達那里先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一個陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。句中from where引導定語從句，相當于and from here/there。she climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view

43、 of the whole town.她登上山頂，從山頂上她可以一覽全鎮(zhèn)的風光。名師點津from which中的which指的是一個地點名詞；from where中的where指的是一個地點狀語。china is the birthplace of kites，from which kite flying spread to japan, korea, thailand and india.中國是風箏的故鄉(xiāng)，從這里放風箏傳到了日本、朝鮮、泰國和印度。alice stood at the window, from where she could watch her classmates play

44、ing football.艾麗絲站在窗戶旁邊，從那里她可以觀看同學們踢足球。.單詞拼寫1i don't think his words are relevant (相關(guān)的) to our discussion.2it took mary only a fortnight (兩星期) to adjust to the life in this new school.3thanks to the waitress' excellent arrangement(s) (安排), i'm feeling so good sitting at this table.4beside

45、s, we need friends to share our joys and sorrows, otherwise (否則) we will feel lonely.5it's my privilege (優(yōu)先權(quán)) to have such an opportunity to live with your family.6my english teacher asked us to choose a topic, make a weekly (每周的) plan and tell the class about it.7our class are going to visit po

46、or children in a remote (遙遠的) mountainous area this weekend.8computers have reduced the amount of paperwork (文書工作) in offices considerably.9mr smith tried to adjust (調(diào)整) his schedule to leave some time for his son's graduation ceremony.10the farmer representatives should have the right to partic

47、ipate (參與) in discussion about their future.選詞填空dry up， get through， dry out， participate in， make a difference， hear from， come across， be dying to， the other day， adjust to1don't leave the vegetable on the table for a long time, or it will dry_out.2faced with challenges, you should believe you

48、r courage is what makes_a_difference.3the river dried_up in the late summer, so we could go across it easily.4the_other_day,_i was invited to my friend sam's home for dinner.5the man was so fat that he couldn't get_through the door.6i came_across this old photograph when looking for a book y

49、esterday.7i heard_from your mom that you are planning to drop out of school, and i have been constantly worried about you.8participating_in this club helps us to learn more about drama, and develop our self­confidence and cultural qualities as well.9mike is_dying_to apply for a new job, but he is unconfident of himself.10it's natural to have difficulty adjusting_to a new culture.補全句子1students in our school are encouraged to participate_in/take_part_in_more_activities (參加更多的活動) after class in order to broaden their knowledge.2mr black is trying to offer all the details which_a