1、一、 that 和 which 的專用場合【疑難點睛】關系代詞 that 與 which 均可指物,作主語或賓語, 一般情況下可互換,但又有各自的專用場合:1. 在下列情況下,只能用 that 引導定語從句:(1 被定語從句修飾的詞語前面有:形容詞最高級或序數詞; all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, just等。如:The park is the cleanest park that you can imagine. 這個 公園是你能想象到的最干凈的公園。(2 被定語從

2、句修飾的詞是不定代詞 all, anything, everything, something, nothing 等。如:All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已經做了。(3 一個定語從句同時修飾指人的詞和指物的詞。如:Can you tell me the persons and places that youd like to visit? 能告訴我你想拜訪的人和想參觀的地方嗎?(4 由 which 和 who 等疑問詞引導的疑問句中定語從句用 that 引 導。如:Which is the computer that you want to us

3、e? 哪一臺電腦是 你想用的?Who is the student that is on duty today? 哪個學生今天值 日?2. 在下列情況下,只能用 which 引導定語從句:(1 非限制性定語從句。如:Tom won the game, which made him very happy. 湯姆贏了比賽, 這讓他很高興。(2 作介詞的賓語并與介詞一起置于定語從句前面。如:The house in front of which stands a big tree is hers. 前 面有一棵大樹的房子是她的。(3 在由 that 引導的定語從句中, 若還有一個定語從句修飾指物 的

4、名詞,用 which 引導。如:He gave me a gift that had been bought from the shop which belongs to his uncle. 他送給我一件禮物,這件禮物是從他叔叔的 店里買的。(4 修飾指物的代詞 that 和 those 。如:What were those which he refused to accept? 他拒絕接受的 是什么?【高考鏈接】1. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, is named after his grandfather. (2010全國卷

5、IA. which B. whereC. what D. that 【 A 】【溫馨提示】 當關系代詞作定語從句中系動詞 be 的表語時,一般 用 that 引導。但若定語從句有逗號隔開 (為非限制性定語從句 時, 要用 which 引導。【高考鏈接】2. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. (2005湖北卷 A. who B. thatC. what D. Which 【 D 】二、“介詞 + which/whom”中介詞的確定方法【疑難點睛】 在關系代詞 which 和 whom 前面常常出現介詞,可按 照下面的辦法判斷用什么

6、介詞:1. 根據定語從句中及物動詞的基本句式可知慣用搭配的介詞。 若 被修飾的詞語能作該句式中介詞的賓語時,介詞即可確定。如: This is my friend for whom I want to buy a nice gift. (句 式“buy sth. for sb.”, sb. 為 friendThe pen with which I wrote a letter yesterday is lost now. (句式“write sth. with +工具”,工具為 pen 2. 根據定語從句中不及物動詞的基本句式可知慣用搭配的介詞。 若被修飾的詞語能作該句式中介詞的賓語時,介詞即

7、可確定。如: I want to see the person to whom you spoke a minute ago. (句 式“speak to sb.”3. 根據定語從句中形容詞的基本句式可知慣用搭配的介詞。 若被 修飾的詞語能作該句式中介詞的賓語時,介詞即可確定。如:In the bookshop , he saw a book in which he was interested.(句 式“be interested in sth.”4. 定語從句所修飾的詞語前面加上某一介詞后若能作定語從句 中所需要的時間狀語、 地點狀語、原因狀語或方式狀語時,介詞即可 確定。如:I stil

8、l remember my childhood, during which I often swam in the lake. (during my childhood作時間狀語 That is the table on which he did the experiments.(on the table作地點狀語 I dont know the reason for which he didnt tell me the truth. (for the reason作原因狀語 They told us a good way in which we are able to finish the

9、work. (in the way作方式狀語 【高考鏈接】1. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. (2009陜西卷 A. of which B. with whichC. about which D. into which 【 C 】2. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, we gave some bells and glasses. (2006湖南卷 A. to whi

10、ch B. to whomC. with whom D. with which 【 B 】3. We went through a period commu-nications were very difficult in the rural areas.(2008上海卷 A. which B. whoseC. in which D. with which 【 C 】【溫馨提示 1】關系代詞 which/whom前面常出現“名詞 + of” 表示“所屬關系”或“部分詞 + of”表示“部分與總體關系”的情 況。如:The old man lives in the house the windo

11、w of which was broken last night. 這位老人住的房子的窗戶玻璃昨天晚上被打破了。 David has two children, the younger of whom is a daughter. 大衛有兩個孩子,較小的那個是個女兒。There are five people in the room, all of whom are fans of that star. 房間里有五個人,他們都是那個明星的粉絲。【高考鏈接】4. The man pulled out a gold watch , were made of small diamonds. (200

12、8陜西卷 A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands ofD. the hands of which 【 D 】5. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010 浙江卷 A. whom C. them B. which D. those 【A】 【溫馨提示 2】當“部分詞 + of + which/whom”表示“部分與 整體關系”時

13、，部分詞可置于“of which/whom”后面。如： In Barcelona, the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women. 在巴塞羅那，中國隊獲得了 16 枚金牌，其 中 12 枚是女子獲得的。 三、關系代詞的省略與保留 【疑難點睛】關系代詞的省略與保留要注意以下幾點： 1. 關系代詞作定語從句中動詞的賓語時可以省；作介詞的賓語， 且該介詞在定語從句前面時不可省，在定語從句中時可省。如： He is the person (that/whom I need most. 他是我最需要的 人。 Jenn

14、y is the only person to whom I can turn. 詹妮是唯一我 可以求助的人。 The man (whom I talked with just now was Jim. 剛才和我談 話的那人是吉姆。 2. 在非限制性定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞不能省略。如： Mr. Green, whom you know, is the best teacher in our school. 格林先生，你認識他，是我們學校最好的老師。 3. 在 the same .as, the same.that 中，as, that 即使作 賓語，也不能省。如： I have boug

15、ht the same bicycle as you have (bought. 我買 了一輛和你的一樣的單車。 This is the same book that I read yesterday. 這和我昨天讀 的書是同一本書。 4. 當由 and, but, or 等連詞連接兩個或兩個以上的定語從句修 飾同一個先行詞且關系代詞在從句中作賓語時，第一個關系代詞可 省，但第二個及以后的不可省略。如： This is the book (which I read yesterday and which I find very interesting. 這是我昨天讀的那本書，我覺得很有趣。 5

16、. 在 there be 結構中出現定語從句， 或在定語從句中出現 there be 結構時，用作主語的關系代詞也可省略。如： There is a man downstairs (who wants to see you. 樓下有 個人想見你。 This is the best dictionary (that there is in the library. 這是圖書室里最好的詞典。 6. 當先行詞是 way，且在定語從句中作方式狀語，從句不缺主語 時，關系代詞可用 in which 或 that, 也可以不用。如： That was the way (in which/that she worked out the problem. 那就是她解決那個問題的方法。 7. 當先行詞是 time 時，關系代詞可用 when 或 that，也可省略。 如： The second time (that I saw him was in 1980. 我第二次見 到他是在 1980 年。 I dont know the exact time (when/that the sports meeting will take place. 我不知道運動會舉行的準確時間。 【高考鏈接】 1. Why does she always as