1、第2講非謂語動詞全國卷考情分析題型分類典題試做語法填空1. (2018 全國卷 I) You dont have to run fast or for long to_see(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying(die) early by running.2. (2018 全國卷 n )The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve (improve)

2、water quality.3. (2018 全國卷 m )I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged (challenge)4. (2018 全國卷 m )Once his message was delivered, he allowed m to_ stay (stay) and watch.5. (2017 全國卷 m) But unlike her school friends, 16-year-o

3、ld Sarah is not spending half-term resting(rest).題型分類命題解讀語法填空1 .考查非謂語動詞的句法功能（狀語、定語、賓語、補語、主語和 表語等），以考查主語、賓語、狀語居多；2 .考查固定搭配中的非謂語動詞。考點一 非謂語動詞的形式及意義先試做題組單句語法填空1. (2019 湖北武昌區高三調考)The Yangtze River, known(know) in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow e

4、ntirely within one country.2. (2019 玉溪月考)You lose weight for a while, only to gain(gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.3. (2019 湖南六校聯考)Of course, enjoying(enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a bi

5、g part in experiencing happiness.再解讀要點非謂語動詞主動語態被動語態意義不 定 式式to doto be done表示的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發生或在其后發生進行式to be doingX表示的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發生完成式to have doneto have been表示的動作發生在句中謂語動詞的動作之前done現 在 分 詞/ 動 名 詞式doingbeing done表示的動作與句中謂語動詞的動 作同時發生，或基本上同時發生完成式having donehavingbeen done表示的動作先于句中謂語動詞的動作發生過 去 分 詞式don

6、e與句中主語為邏輯上的被動關系，表兀成Having been fired by the company, the man now has difficulties in supportinghis family.被公司解雇了，這位男士難以養活他的家庭。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我們準備在月球上長住之前，還有很多問題仍需要解決?？键c二非謂語動詞作狀語先試做題組單句語法填空1. (2019 廣東七校聯考)We went to a fast f

7、ood restaurant for dinner together. My husband went to the counterio_order(order) dishes and I stood with my parents.2. (2019 合肥檢測)Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and set regular rules, _making(make) it easier for people to learn and master.3. (2019 福州模擬)With my eyes tightly close

8、d(close), I dived in and made my way to the other end.再解讀要點1 不定式作狀語（1）作目的狀語，可用so as to/ in order to替換，但so as to 一般不可置于旬首，意為“為了；想要”。（2016 W匕京卷）To make it easier to get in touch with us , youd better keep this card at hand.為了便于聯系我們，你最好將這張卡片放在身邊。（2）作結果狀語，常表示出乎意料的結果，常用于下列結構中：only to do；enough to do（足夠做）

9、；tooto do（太而不能）；so/suchasto（如此以至于）等。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky湯姆乘出租車去了機場，結果發現他要乘坐的飛機已飛入高空。（3）作原因狀語，常用在“主語+系動詞+形容詞+to do”結構中。這類形容詞有：easy，difficult ，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important， impossible， dangerous， surprised， astonished， d

10、elighted， disappointed 等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我們吃驚的是，這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。易錯提示語法填空和短文改錯中?？疾椤爸髡Z+ be+形容詞+不定式 ” 結構 ， 句子的主語和不定式構成邏輯上的動賓關系， 且此時不定式通常用主動形式表示被動意義。另外需注意的是在該結構中， 不定式中的動詞必須是及物動詞；若為不及物動詞， 則要在其后加上適當的介詞， 使之構成及物動詞短語。2 分詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語?，F在分詞作狀語

11、時，現在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的主動關系。過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的被動關系。Ordered over a week ago the books are expected to arrive any time now&些書是一個多星期以前訂購的，現在有望隨時到貨。Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars象古代的船員一樣，鳥類可以利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。名師點津 部分過去分詞作狀語時不表示被動， 也不表完成， 而表示一種狀態。常見

12、的有：located （坐落于），lost（迷路的），seated（著的），hidden（躲著 的），lost/absorbed/buried in（沉溺于），dressed in（穿著），tired of（厭煩的），faced with（面對著）。Absorbed in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.由于專心繪畫，約翰沒有注意到夜幕正在降臨。3 .獨立成分作狀語有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立 成分。?？嫉挠校篻enerally/frankly/roughly/strictly speakin

13、g , talking of, speaking of, judging from/by , taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank, to tell（you）the truth, to be honest to make things worse 等。Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.從口音判斷，他是香港人。To tell you the truth , I am a little tired.說實話，我有點累。4 .獨立主格結構非謂語動詞

14、作狀語時，它的邏輯主語應和句子主語保持一致。但有時非謂語 動詞帶有自己的邏輯主語，在句子中作狀語，我們稱之為獨立主格結構。（1）獨立主格結構的特點：獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同， 它獨立存在。獨立主格結構中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞或不定式 是邏輯上的主動或被動關系。獨立主格結構一般用逗號與句子分開。（2）獨立主格結構的構成：名詞/代詞+分詞；名詞/代詞+不定式；with/without +名詞/代詞+分詞/不定式。The test finished （ = When the test was finished）, we began our holiday考試結 束后，我們就

15、開始放假了?？键c三非謂語動詞作定語先試做題組單句語法填空1. （2019 湖北八校第一次聯考）No one can ignore the rich culture doiing（date） back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed.2. (2019 洛陽統考)The 15-year-old boy from Oakland has fascinated audience in the U . S. and China with his

16、 ability to sing(sing) pitch-perfect Mandarin (普通話) and perform the ancient Chinese art form.3. (2019 長治五校一聯)With a puzzled(puzzle)100k on my face, I pointed to myself and said, “Me? ”4. (2019 重慶聯考)I felt like an idiot. I should not have left without charging my cell phone. The battery was dead and

17、I was alone without any way to contact(contact) my family.再解讀要點5 .不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將來的動作。不定式與其所 修飾的詞之間往往是動賓關系，若該不定式是不及物動詞，其后應有必要的介詞。Suddenly a good idea occurred to her; but she couldnt find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一個好主意，但是她找不到紙把它寫下來。(2)序數詞，形容詞最高級，the last, the only等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/ 代詞后，常

18、用不定式作定語。He is always the first to arrive at the school andthe last to leave the school.他總是第一個到校，最后一個離校。(3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時，常用不定式作定語。常見名詞：ability , chance,idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增強意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習慣。The a

19、bility to express an idea is as important as the idea itsel俵達觀點的能力 與觀點本身同等重要。6 .分詞作定語(1)作定語的及物動詞的分詞形式有：現在分詞、“ being+過去分詞”、過 去分詞。當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動關系時， 用現在分詞；當被修飾的名 詞與分詞之間為被動關系且表示正在進行時，用“ being +過去分詞”；當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關系且表完成時，用過去分詞(2)作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式為：現在分詞和過去分詞?，F在分詞表 示動作正在進行；過去分詞只表示動作已完成，不表被動。To return to t

20、he problem of water pollution , Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.為了再討論一下水污染的問題，我想讓大家看一項2012年在澳大利亞進行的研究。Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上，有幾百萬人觀看了開幕式的電視直播。名師點津非謂語動詞作定語的解題思路表示被動、完成用過去分詞(done);表示主動、進行用現在分詞(doing)；表 示被動、進

21、行用being dong表示主動、尚未進行用to do；表示被動的動作尚未 進行用to be dona試比較：The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.Today there are more airplanescarrying more people than ever before in the sky.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company. The questionto be discussed at tomorrows meeting

22、 is very important.考點四非謂語動詞作賓語先試做題組單句語法填空1. (2019 龍巖期中)Very often, opportunities come quietly and go by without being_noliced(notice).2. (2019 湖北八校聯考)One learns a language by making mistakes and correcting(correct) them.3. (2019 長治一聯)I remembered to_lock(lock) the door before I left the office, but

23、forgot to turn off the lights.再解讀要點1 .只接不定式作賓語的動詞： agree, intend, plan, demand, promise, prepare,decide， refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail （ 未能），pretend，manage，determine，beg， arrange， threaten， claim， hesitate， wait， happen （碰巧）等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaura， ntwaiting to be

24、 served .她坐在餐館里的一張小桌子旁等著被服務。2 .只接動名詞作賓語的動詞及短語：admit, avoid, consider, escape嫄開）， imagine， mind， miss， practise， sugges，t feel like， give up， put off， object to， look forward to 等。 此外， have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth. ； have fun （in） doing sth等句型中也用動名詞作賓語。I avoided mentioning the subject in ca

25、se he should be offended我回避提及這個話題，以免冒犯他。Its quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎？3接不定式與動名詞作賓語意義不同的動詞：forget to do sth忘記去做某事（未做）forget doing sth忘記做過某事（已做）regret to do sth對即將做的事表示遺憾（未做）regret doing sth對做過的事表示后悔（已做）remember to do sth記得去做某事（未做）remember doing sth記得做過某事（已做）try to

26、 do sth盡力去做某事try doing sth.嘗試做某事go on to do sth繼續做另一件事go on doing sth繼續做原來做的事mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing sth意味著做某事cant help （to） do sth.不能幫助做某事cant help doing sth情不自禁地做某事I remembered to lock the door before I left the office， but forgot to turn off the lights.我離開辦公室之前記得關門卻忘記關燈了。 That would mean wa

27、sting a lot of labour.那將意味著浪費許多勞動力。 Really? I dont mean to waste any labour.是嗎？我并沒打算浪費勞動力。Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop buying the groceries if I found out?她是擔憂如果我發現這件事情我的反應還是擔憂我不再給她買食品雜貨 呢？易錯提示(1)動詞want, need, require作“需要”講時，其后要用v.-ing 形式的主動形式或 不定式的被動形式作賓語。與此用法相同的動詞 還

28、有 deserve 值得)。(2)不定式作動詞(短語)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teachi, advise, find out 等的賓語時，前面常帶弓I導詞 how, what, whether, where, when, who 等。(3)介詞后一般要接v.-ing形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語， 若前有實義動詞do,不定式要省略to?？键c五非謂語動詞作賓補先試做題組單句語法填空1. (2019 濟寧二模)Let those in need understand(und

29、erstand) that we will go all out to help them.2. (2019 龍口一模)When we saw the road blocked(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.3. (2019 黃岡一模)The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed(develop) after great effort.4. (2019 成者B診斷)To his surprise, Jack found his son

30、 dressed(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.再解讀要點1.不定式作賓補不定式作賓補時，賓語和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關系，不定式表將要發 出的主動動作。常接不定式作賓補的動詞(短語)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage， expect， forbid， force， intend， invite， order， persuade， prefer， require， remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。If we expect p

31、eople to give up the habit of driving ， we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我們期望人們放棄開車的習慣，我們必須給他們可以依賴的選擇。Having finished her project， she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.完成項目之后，她被學校邀請去給新生講話。(1)有些動詞，如think， consider， believe， suppose， feel， find ， understand等后常用

32、to be作賓補或主補。Chinese people areconsidered to be the most hard-working people in the world.中國人被認為是世界上最勤勞的人民。(2) 在 sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought to do/to have done結構中，不定式用作主語補足語。The president was reported to have visited China.據報道，那位總統已經訪問了中國。2 分詞作賓補(1)現在分詞作賓補時，動詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系

33、，且強調正在進行的主動動作。可接現在分詞作賓補的常見動詞：感官動詞(see， watch，observe, notice, hear, listen, feel),使役動詞(have, get), find , leave, keep, catch 等。Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?聽！你聽到有人正在呼喊救命嗎？(2)過去分詞作賓補時，動詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，且表示被動動作。 可接過去分詞作賓補的常見動詞：感官動詞(see， watch， observe， notice，hear, listen, feel),使役動詞(h

34、ave, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。Back from his two-year medical service in Africa， Dr.Lee was very happy tosee his mother taken good care of at home.李博士在非洲進行了兩年的醫療服務，回 來后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好他很高興。(3)使役動詞have, get后接非謂語動詞作補語的異同點： have sth.dongget sth.done讓別人做某事；have sb./sth.doing讓一直做某事；getsth./sb.do

35、ing 使 開始做某事； have sb.do sth尸 get sb.to do sth.讓某人做某 事。Before driving into the city , you are required toget your car washed .在開車進 城之前，你需要洗洗車。(4)with的復合結構為：with +賓語+ doing表示主動，說明動作正在發生 或經常發生；with +賓語+ done表示被動或完成；with +賓語+ to do表示將 要發生的動作。The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with

36、 their pet dog following them .這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟 著。With such a short time left before the deadline it doesnt seem likely that John will finish the job.截止日期之前只剩下很短的時間，約翰似乎不可能完成工作了。With a lot of work to do , she wasnt allowed to leave her office由于有許多工 作要做，她不被允許離開辦公室?？键c六非謂語動詞作主語和表語先試做題組單句語法填

37、空1. (2019 貴州適應性考試)When you meet people from different cultures, it is important to_understand(understand) what you can and cannot do.2. (2019 河南八市重點高中二次質檢 )I felt hopeless and alone, and more depressed(depress) than I knew was possible.3. (2019 單日城二模)Understanding(understand)your own needs and style

38、s of communication is as important as learning to convey your affections and emotions.再解讀要點1 .不定式作主語和表語般表示具體某一次的動作。若不定式太長，常用it(1)不定式作主語時，- 作形式主語而將不定式后置No matter how bright a talker you are， there are times when its betterto remain silent.不論你多么能說會道，有些時候保持沉默會更好。(2)不定式作表語時，表示預定要發生的動作；當主語是aim, purpose,i

39、dea, plan, wish, decision, choice等詞時，常用不定式作表語；主語為 what 引導的名詞性從句時，表語多用不定式。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是將來當一名醫生。What I want to do most in senior high isto improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水平。2 動名詞作主語和表語(1)動名詞作主語常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it 作形式主語，把作真正主語的動名詞短語放在句末。常用于固定句型：Its a waste of time d

40、oing.；Its no use/good doing.；. It is useless doing.；. There is no point doing.等。Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.直面你的問題而不是逃避它們，是解決這些問題最好的方法。Its no use complaining without taking action.不采取行動而只是抱怨是沒用的。(2)動名詞作表語時相當于名詞，用于解釋主語的內容，表語

41、和主語常?？梢曰Q位置。My job is cleaning the house three times a week(= Cleaning the house three times a week is my job)我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。(3)remain 作系動詞時，意為“仍然是”時，后可接現在分詞或過去分詞作表語；但作不及物動詞時，意為“尚待；留待”時，后常接 to be doneSheremained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down!然我們三 番五次地請她坐下，但她還是站著。It remains to b

42、e seen whether the newly-formed committees policy can be put into practice.新成立的委員會提出的方針能否實行還有待觀察。易錯提示不定式和動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞都用單數，這是短文改錯 中?？嫉恼Z法點。I .單句語法填空1. Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook (cook) a meal.2. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to_catch (catch).3. T

43、he national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.4. The park was full of people, enjoying(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.5. I was the first Western TV reporter permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in

44、the wild.6. Though disappointed(disappoint) to know he wouldnt get the job after the interview, Frank thanked us politely.7. When Mom came in, he just pretended to_be sleeping(sleep)8. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier to_break(break) into small pieces.9. Having_fini

45、shed (finish) the painting intended to be a gift for his girlfriend, he had a deep sigh of relief.10. Being_exposed(expose) to as much English as possible is a good way to learn English well.H .語法填空(2019 安徽百所重點高中二模)Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry 1.(write) in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditionalforms and close 2.(connect) with particular historical periods， such as thepoetry of the Tang Dynasty.Its existence 3.(document) at least as early asthe p