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1、2020年中考英語復習之重點核心詞匯詳解專題十八U , V , W, Y字部1. understandHZDv.懂得,理解,明白;了解,知道;諒解,體諒詞形變化: 過去式 understood, 過去分詞 understood 用法:make oneself understood清楚表達自己的意思; understand+ that/wh-從句。例如:I'm not very good at German, but I can make myself understood.我德語不太好,不過我能說清楚自己的意思。 You don ' t need to understand h
2、ow computers work to be able to use them.要使用計算機不需要非得搞懂它的工 作原理。詞性轉換:understanding adj.了解的額,有理解力的;n.諒解,理解;understandable adj.可以理解的反義詞: misunderstand v.誤解,誤會工 iLTiMi(2019 , d匕京卷, 閱讀 C) To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. 2. useHHEDv.&n.利用,使用,應用 j j; r-
3、AarW關聯詞組:make (full/good) use of (充分)使用,利用;be in use在使用中;be of use (to sb.)(對某人)有用; for use 供使用;easy to use 使用方便;It' s no use doing sth.某事沒用動詞用法:常用結構有 use sth. as sth把某物用作;use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事;use sth. for (doing) sth.為(做)某事使用某物。例如:My parents use the house as a holiday home.我父母把這房子用作度假屋。Mos
4、t people now use their cars to go shopping. 現在大多數人開車去購物。They were using animals for scientific tests. 他們用動物做科學實驗。 名詞用法:可數名詞,表示“用途,用處”。例如:Robots have many different uses in modern industry.機器人在現代工業中有多種不同用途。0不可數名詞,表示“用,使用”,指用的動作,僅以單數形式出現;其后通常接介詞of。例如:the increasing use of computers in education 電月商在教育
5、領域中越來越多的使用詞性轉換:used adj.二手的,使用過白習慣的;usable adj.可用的;useful adj.有用的,有益的,有幫助的;useless adj.無用的;usage n.使用;用法;user n.用戶,使用者工工不石,(2019,山東卷,單項填空)20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.A. althoughB
6、. becauseC. if3. usual | E;比以adj.通常的.平常的,尋常的關聯詞組:as usual像往常一樣,照例;usual practice慣例,通常辦法用法:It is usual (for sb./sth.) (to do sth.)(某人)通常(做某事); longer/higher/worse than usual 比平時長/高/差。例如:It is usual to start a speech by thanking everybody for coming. 講話前先感謝大家光臨,這是慣例。He came home later than usual.他回家比平
7、時晚了些。詞性轉換:usually adv.通常,經常近義詞:normal adj.正常的,一般的工(2019,江蘇卷,閱讀表達)I find it very easy to lose myself in my diary when I am away from my usual activities.4. value|七陽,n.價值:益處關聯詞組:market value市場價值;economic value經濟價值;social value社會價值用法:表示“價值”,與“錢”相關,相當于 cost;后跟介詞of。例如:to go up/rise/increase in value 升/增值
8、;to go down/fall/drop in value 貶值表示“重要性,用/益處”,相當于 benefit,只作不可數名詞;be of great/little value很/沒有價值。例如: His research has been of little practical value.他的研究沒有什么實用價值。詞性轉換:valuable adj.有價值的;貴重的;n.貴重物品工gma(2019,江蘇卷,填空)45. The Book of Poetry, the earliest collection of poems, is of great value in Chinese (
9、歷史).5. visit233v.&n.參觀,游覽;訪問,拜訪,看望動詞用法:visit+某地,表示“參觀,游覽";visit+某人,表示“拜訪,看望,訪問”。例如:Which cities did you visit in Spain?你在西班牙去了哪些城市?Eric went to Seattle to visit his cousins. 埃里克到西雅圖去看望他的表兄弟。名詞用法:pay a visit to sb./sth.參觀/拜訪。例如:If you have time, pay a visit to the local museum. 你若有空,參觀一下當地的博
10、物館。關聯單詞:visitor n.訪問者;參觀者工上不齒1(2019,北京卷,單項填空)5.1 If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.A. will book B. bookedC. have bookedD. was booking6. voiceUSIESn.說話聲;嗓音用法:特指唱歌的“聲音、音質”。例如:Sophie's got a lovely singing voice.索菲有一副悅耳的歌喉。C2表示“說話聲,嗓音";常用搭配如 speak in a deep/sof
11、t/loud/quiet voice低沉地說、輕柔地說、大聲地說、 輕聲地說;raise/lower your voice提高/壓低嗓門;keep one' soice down說話輕一些。例如:"The police are here," she said in a low voice.“警察在這兒,“她低聲說。還可喻指“意見,呼聲”,或“發言權,表達意見的權利”;其后常接in sth.o例如:Governments need to listen to the voice of people.政府需要傾聽民眾的呼聲。詞性轉換:voiceless adj.無聲的;v
12、oiced adj.有聲的;濁音的(2019,江蘇卷,單項填空) 9.Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear youA. quicklyB. happilyC. slowlyD. clearly7. waitX遼v.等(待),等候keep sb. waiting讓某人等待關聯詞組:can' t wait to do sth!不及待做某事;wait and see走著瞧;用法:CD wait接賓語時通常先接 for; wait (for sb./sth.) to do sth.等待()做某事。例如:I sat waiting
13、patiently for the party to end. 我耐心地坐著等待聚會結束。Are you waiting to use the phone? 你在等著用電話嗎?口語中常用 wait a minute/second/moment表示"等一下;等等“。例如:Wait a moment, just let me think. 等一下, 讓我想想。(2019,北京卷,單項填空)1 .Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can wait to see ' t.A. her B. him C. it D. them8. warm |工Z
14、EDadj.暖和的,溫暖的;熱情的 用法:本義與溫度相關,可形容事物本事溫度適中;可形容身體感到溫暖;可形容衣服或建筑物保暖、防寒;常和keep/stay搭配使用。例如:Here, put on your nice warm coat. 來,穿上你舒適暖和的大衣。Make sure you keep warm! 一定要穿暖和點!喻指“熱情的,熱忱的",相當于 friendly。例如:Please give a warm welcome to our special guest. 請熱烈歡迎我們的特邀嘉賓。詞性轉換:warmth n.溫暖,暖和;warmly adv.溫暖地;熱情地反義
15、詞:cool adj.涼(爽)的:注意其近義詞cold (寒冷的)通常與 hot (炎熱的)相對7 口二 Ml(2019, 北京卷,閱讀 A) My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm -hearted.9. warnI出處v.警告,提醒,告誡;預先通知用法:warn sb. about/against sth.就某事警告某人;warn (sb.) of sth.警告某人某事; warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人(不)做某事。 warn sb. (that/wh-從句)。例如:He warned
16、 us against thieves.他提醒我們要提防小偷。They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone. 他們警告他獨自航行的重重危險。I warned you not to walk home alone. 我告誡過你不要一個人走路回家。We warned them that there was a tiger in the woods.我們提醒他們,林子里有一只老虎。詞性轉換:warningn.警告;預兆,預告玉正二:后,(2019, 湖南卷, 語篇補全)In some places, fast currents (急流) can sw
17、eep swimmers away without warning .10. wasteHZDv.浪費;n.浪費;廢棄物動詞用法:waste sth. on sb./sth.在上浪費。例如:Don't waste your time on computer games!別把時間浪費在電腦游戲上!名詞用法:。表示"浪費",常用作單數形式,其后通常跟介詞of;常用于短語 be a waste of time/money/effort浪費時間/錢/精力。例如:We should never have gone- it was a total waste of time.我
18、們真不該去那純粹是浪費時間。表示“廢料,廢棄物,垃圾”,不可數名詞,但可以用wastes形式。例如:They do not know what to do with the waste. 他們不知道該怎樣處理這些廢物。詞性轉換:wasteful adj.浪費的,不經濟的; wastefullyadv.浪費地;揮霍地工工牙齒1(2019, 閱讀卷,閱讀 C) Every year, lots of plastic waste goes into the ocean.11. watch工0v.觀看,注釋;當心,注意;n.看守;監視;手表,表動詞用法:。與“看”相關,表示“觀看,注視,觀察"
19、;;watch ()with interest/amusement饒有興致地看;watch sb./sth.do/doing sth.看著某人做某事(do和doing區別同see) ; watch+ wh-從句。例如:I watched him go, then went home.我看著他離去,然后回了家。She watched the kids playing in the room. 她看著孩子們在房間里玩。Watch what I do, then you try.你注意看我的動作,然后試著做。與“小心,留意”相關,表示“留心,注意(某事);照看,照顧;關注";watch o
20、ut小心,留意;watchoneself 當心;watch+ that/wh-從句。例如:Could you watch my bags for me while I buy a paper? 我去買份報紙,你能替我照看一下我的包嗎?Hey, watch where you're going! 嘿, 瞧著點路!名詞用法:。取動詞相關含義,意為“注視,監視;看守;值班”等;其后常接介詞on/over; be on watch值班。例如:The police kept a close watch on our activities. 警察密切監視著我們的活動。Who's on wa
21、tch tonight? 今晚誰值班?表示“表,手表;懷表”。例如:She kept looking anxiously at her watch. 她焦急不安地一個勁兒看表。詞性轉換:watchful adj.注意的,警惕的; watchfullyadv警惕地;watcher n.觀察者;看守人工工不石,(2019,浙江卷,完形)One evening Charlie happened to be in the theatre 5 his mother singing on stage.5. A. feeling B. keeping C. realizing D. watching12.
22、weakI產碓adj.差的,弱的;不牢固的用法:C1指身體,表示“虛弱的,不強壯的"; too weak to do sth.太虛弱而不能做某事。例如: She's too weak to feed herself.她虛弱得吃不動東西。 指物體,表示“不牢固的,易破的,已損壞的",如 a weak bridge不牢固的橋 指性格,表示“軟弱的,意志薄弱的”,含有貶義。例如: Her husband is a weak man.她的丈夫是個懦弱的男人。C4形容缺少power,表示“無權力的,無影響力的"。如 weak leader/ruler/king軟弱的
23、領袖/統治者/國王 詞性轉換: weakly adv.虛弱地,無力地;軟弱地;weakness n.弱點;軟弱; weaken v.(使)變弱反義詞:strong adj.強壯的(2019,山東卷,單項填空)22. Ants are pretty small. You might think that they be rather weak. But what you might not know isthat ants are actually very strong for their size.A. needB. can'tC. must13. wealth RZEQn.財產,財
24、富;富有 g , tzteG 用法:不可數名詞;可用于 a wealth of sth.中,表示“大量的/豐富的某物”。例如: The new manager brings a great wealth of experience to the job. 新任經理為這項工作帶來了豐富的經驗。 詞性轉換:wealthy=rich adj.富有的,充分的; wealthilyadv豐富地;富有地1鎏二局I(2019, 湖北卷,閱讀 B) Once upon a time, a wealthy old man lived alone in a big house. 14. wearHEDv.穿,戴;
25、磨損 詞形變化:過去式 wore,過去分詞 worn 關聯詞組:wear away磨損,消磨,流逝 用法:可指“穿戴/佩戴”衣服或飾物,也可指“蓄留”須發。例如: She wears her hair long.她梳著長發。熟詞僻義:wear還可以表示“磨損,消耗,用舊”,通常與介詞 out搭配使用;wear (sth.) out (使)磨損; 用壞;wear sb./oneself out使疲乏,使筋疲力盡;其過去分詞形式worn out比較常見,worn-out可以放在名詞前作定語。例如:He wore out two pairs of shoes last year. 去年他穿壞了兩雙鞋
26、。You'll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard.你要是繼續這樣拼命工作,身體會吃不消的。These shoes are worn out.這雙鞋破得不能再穿了。a pair of old worn-out walking shoes 雙穿破了 的舊步行鞋 Can we sit down? I'm worn out.我們能坐下嗎?我都累壞了。 詞性轉換:worn adj.疲倦的;用舊的; wearable adj.可穿戴的 I現孰(2019, 浙江卷,完形) I listened to the music she
27、 listened to, wore the clothes she wore.15. weighI二迂 v.稱的重量;重(若干);認真考慮,權衡用法:作連系動詞,表示“重(若干),重量是”,后面接具體的重量。例如:Do you know how much it weighs? 你知道它的重量嗎?作實義動詞,表示“稱的重量”。例如:He weighed some potatoes on the scales.他用秤稱了些 土豆。熟詞僻義:還可表示“認真考慮,權衡(某事)”,常用于 weigh sth. against sth.在之間權衡。例如:We have to weigh the bene
28、fits against the costs.我們必須把好處和費用放在一起進行權衡。詞性轉換:weight n.重量;weighty adj.重大;重大的(2019,安徽卷,閱讀 B) Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool.16. wholeadj.整個的,全部的;n.整體;整個事物關聯詞組: whole life 一生;in the whole world 普天之下;the whole day 整天形容詞用法:僅用于名詞前;the who
29、le school/country/village 等表示“全校/全國/全村等的人”。例如:The whole town came out for the celebration. 全鎮人都出來慶祝了。名詞用法:主要用于一些短語中,如: on the whole總的看來,總體而言;as a whole整個來看(表示所有部 分都已考慮到)。例如:On the whole, I thought the film was pretty good.總的來說,我認為這部電影很不錯。The meeting will be great for our city and for the country as
30、a whole.這次會晤對我們城市乃至整個國家都將是意義重大的。詞性轉換:wholly adv.完全地,全部近義詞:full/complete adj.完全的,全部的(2019,浙江卷,語法填空)However, as soon as he started eating, his mouth began 54(burn), his eyes began to water, and his wholeface became as red 55 the fruit.17. win3v.&n.獲勝,贏得詞形變化:過去式 won,過去分詞 won用法:可指在競賽、游戲、選舉、戰爭等中“獲勝,贏
31、”,也可指“贏得、獲得”獎品;可作及物動詞直接跟賓語,也可不及物; win at在 中獲勝; win against sb.贏了某人;win by贏了(多少分)。例如:I never win at cards. 我打牌從來不贏。We won by just one point. 我們只贏了一分。win sb. ' s hearts導某人的心;win sb. ' s表示通過努力或憑能力“獲得、取得(某物)”。常見搭配如support/trust贏得某人的支持/信任;win sth. from sb.從某人處獲得某物。例如: I' mtrying to win suppor
32、t from my parents.我在努力爭取父母親的支持。關聯單詞:winner=victor n.勝利者;victoryn.勝禾反義詞:lose v.失敗;丟失;失去(2019,北京卷,閱讀 B) Sally wasn ' t worried abwhether she would win in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.18. wiseu霽印adj.聰明的,英明的,有見識的用法:可用來形容決定、意見、行動或選擇等“明智的,合理恰當的”,也可用來形容人“
33、英明的,有智慧的";wise后面常接to do sth.。例如:You were wise not to go.你沒有去是明智的。She has the air of a wise woman. 她有才女的氣質。詞性轉換:wisely adv.明智地,聰明地; wisdom n.智慧,才智;明智近義詞:smart/clever adj.聰明的工工不石,(2019 年,江蘇卷,閱讀 D) The king of my own country, the wise King Solomon, likes this bright purple better than any other co
34、lor.19. wishRHEDv.&n.愿望,祝愿;希望,想要;意愿關聯詞組:against sb.' s wishes反某人的意愿;make a wish許愿;wish list愿望清單動詞用法:。表示“祝(愿)”,指祝某人好運、幸福等;wish sb. sth.祝某人某事;wish sb. well祝某人順利。例如:We wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!我們祝你圣誕快樂、新年幸福!My friends wished me well in my new job.朋友們祝我新工作順利。表示“希望;想擁有"
35、;,相當于 if only的含義,通常指不可能或可能性很小的事;作及物動詞時,其后 常接that從句,從句中的謂語動詞通常用過去式或者借助would/could等詞,be動詞用was或were,已發生的事用had done結構;作不及物動詞可用wish for sth.。例如:I wish they would explain things better. 我希望他們把事情解釋得更清楚I wish I were ten years younger. 我真希望自己年輕十歲。It was no use wishing for the impossible. 不可能的事情想也沒用。表示“想要,想做(
36、某事)",相當于 want或like ; wish to do sth.想要做某事;(just) as you wish (正) 如你所愿。例如:If you wish to discuss it further, please let me know. 如您想進步討論此事,請告知我。I°d like it to be ready by six. " Just as you wish, sir.""我希望 6 點之前準備好。”"聽您的,先生。”名詞用法:名詞 wish后面也可接to do sth.或for sth.;常用good/be
37、st wishes (for sb.)短語;口語或書信中常 用(with) best wishes表示"祝好"。例如:He had no wish to start a fight.他無意挑釁。She asked me to pass on her good wishes to all her friends.她請我向她所有的朋友轉達良好的祝愿。詞性轉換:wishful(ly)adj.渴望的,寄予希望的同義詞:hope v.希望(2019 年,山東卷,閱讀 C) He wanted to see if his wish had really come true.20. wo
38、nder|心;羔明v對疑惑,感到驚奇;想知道用法: wonder about/at sth.對某事感至U驚訝;wonder +wh-從句/if/whether 從句;I wonder/was wonderingif/whether在口語中還可用于禮貌地要求某事,意為“我不知道是否;不知可不可以”。例如:Sometimes I wonder about his behaviour.有時我對他的行為感到驚訝。I wonder how James is getting on.我想知道詹姆斯的近況。I was wondering if I could borrow your car?請問我能否借下你的
39、汽車?詞性轉換:wonderful(ly) adj.奇妙的,極好的;wonderland n.奇境,仙境,非常奇妙的(2019 年,山東卷,閱讀表達 A) Are you wondering what problems others have?21. worth瓦以adj.有的價值,值得的;n.價值錢;值得(做)某事; be (not) worth it (不)形容詞用法:通常和 be動詞連用,be worth (doing) sth.值 值得。例如:One of the pictures is worth 50,000.其中一巾I畫值 5 萬英鎊。The local museum is worth a visit. 當地這家博物館值得參觀。A lot of the small towns in the area are really worth visiting.這個地區的許多小鎮確實值得去看一看。名詞用法:本義指金錢上的“價值",可喻指"意義,作用,重要性”;常用于ten pounds'/$500 worth of sth. 這樣的結構,表示“價值 10英鎊/500美元的東西”。例如:The new computer system has al
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