1、Unit 2 The Olympic Games 第四節(jié)完形填空題常見問題與解決方法完形填空是學生最犯怵的題型之一，由于文章的殘缺性和不連貫性使得很多學生難以正確理解文章的內(nèi)容，所以導致大量失分。根據(jù)完形填空測試特點，閱卷老師無論是在校研究生或老師，都非常一致地認為，在做完形填空時，學生非常容易出現(xiàn)的錯誤如下：問題一：沒有注意上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，而只拘泥于個別詞句的意思。問題二：基礎(chǔ)知識不牢固，對同義詞、近義詞的辨析能力不強，以及對一詞多義掌握不全面。問題三：文章的意思無法準確掌握，把握不好文章主旨大意而大量失分。下面我來一一講解：問題一：沒有注意上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，而只拘泥于個別詞句的意思問題描

2、述與分析完形填空出題的理論依據(jù)是，人類在閱讀的時候，由于閱讀思維的慣性，即使信息殘缺也可以得到完整的理解，但是因為個別學生的思維習慣并沒有得到很好地養(yǎng)成，所以有時太局限于個別詞句，而沒有上下聯(lián)系，造成理解的偏誤，因而失分。典例精析與診斷【例1】 (2009·全國卷)It was always thought that Treasure Island was the product of Robert Louis Stevensons imagination. _36_， recent research has found the true story of this exciting

3、 work.Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived _37_ for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a _38_. With him were his American wife Fanny and his son _39_.Each morning Stevenson would take them out for a long _40_ over the hills. They had been _41_ this for several days before the weather sudden

4、ly took a turn for the worse. Kept indoors by the heavy rain Lloyd felt the days _42_. To keep the boy happy Robert asked the boy to do some _43_.One morning, the boy came to Robert with a beautiful map of an island. Robert _44_ that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of _45_. “Whats that

5、？” he asked. “Thats the _46_ treasure，” said the boy. Robert suddenly _47_ something of an adventure story in the boys _48_. While the rain was pouring, Robert sat down by the fire to write a story. He would make the _49_ a twelve­year­old boy, just like Lloyd. But who would be the pirate(

6、海盜)?Robert had a good friend named Henry, who walked around with the _50_ of a wooden leg. Robert had always wanted to _51_ such a man in a story. _52_ Long John Silver, the pirate with a wooden leg, was _53_.So, thanks to a _54_ September in Scotland, a friend with a wooden leg, and the imagination

7、 of a twelve­year­old boy, we have one of the greatest _55_ stories in the English language.36A.However BTherefore CBesides DFinally37A.alone Bnext door Cat home Dabroad38A.meeting Bstory Choliday Djob39A.Lloyd BRobert CHenley DJohn40A.talk Brest Cwalk Dgame41A.attempting Bmissing Cplannin

8、g Denjoying42A.quiet Bdull Cbusy Dcold43A.cleaning Bwriting Cdrawing Dexercising【答案解析】36選擇A。句意為：人們一直認為金銀島一書是史蒂文森憑空想象出來的。然而最近的一項研究披露了這部作品誕生的一些細節(jié)。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應選however。37選擇D。前句的a Scotsman和下句returned to Scotland暗示，羅伯特·史蒂文森是蘇格蘭人，長期在國外生活。38選擇C。根據(jù)第三段中第一句介紹他們每天早上爬山游玩，可判斷他們一起回國時是為了度假。39選擇A。根據(jù)42前面的Lloyd felt

9、 the days.可判斷史蒂文森的兒子名為Lloyd(勞埃德)。40選擇C。當時的時間是1881年、地點是over the hills，因此他們?nèi)酥荒苁窃谏介g漫步，因此填walk。41選擇D。由于他們在度假，因此從縱情山水中得到極大的快樂，因此填enjoying。42選擇B。上句Kept indoors by the heavy rain暗示在下雨天待在旅館很乏味，故填dull。43選擇C。下段中談到兒子把他畫的畫給父親看，因此可判斷父親讓兒子作畫消磨時光，故填drawing。【誤點診斷】 閱卷老師分析容易出錯的是37，此題需要上下聯(lián)系，而不能孤立地看此題。【例2】 (2009·

10、北京卷)There was only one way to get money, and that was to _42_ it. He would have to find a job. _43_ who would hire him and what could he do? He decided to ask Mr. Clay for advice, who usually had _44_ on most things.“Well, you can start right here，” said Mr. Clay. “My windows need cleaning and my ca

11、r needs washing.”That was the _45_ of Jamess odd­job(零工) business. For three months he worked every day after finishing his homework. He was amazed by the _46_ of jobs that people found for him to do. He took dogs and babies for walks, cleared out cupboards, and mended books. He lost the _47_ o

12、f cars he washed and windows he cleaned, but the _48_ increased and he knew that he would soon have _49_ for the bicycle he longed for.42A.borrow Bearn Craise Dcollect43A.Or BSo CFor DBut44A.decisions Bexperience Copinions Dknowledge45A.beginning Bintroduction Crequirement Dopening46A.similarity Bqu

13、ality Csuitability Dvariety47A.brand Bnumber Csize Dtype48A.effort Bpressure Cmoney Dtrouble49A.all Benough Cmuch Dsome【答案解析】42選擇B。從下文他為別人干活，可以看出他能弄到錢的唯一辦法是自己去掙錢。earn“掙，賺”；borrow“借”；raise“籌借；籌集”；collect“募捐”。所以B項正確。43選擇D。他想賺錢購買心儀已久的那輛自行車，“但是”又不知道誰會雇用他，也不知道自己能做什么。44選擇C。根據(jù)本句前半句中提到的advice一詞可知他對大部分事情都有自己

14、的“見解”。45選擇A。根據(jù)上一段中Mr. Clay所說的話可知James的零工生涯“開始”了。opening多用來表示大型活動的開張，因此不太恰當。46選擇D。根據(jù)下一句中的內(nèi)容可知人們給他提供的工作“各種各樣”。前三項分別表示“相似”、“質(zhì)量”、“適合”，都與下一句中的內(nèi)容不符。47選擇B。他忘記了沖洗的車輛和清洗的窗戶的“數(shù)字”，言外之意是他的打工生涯很辛苦且而且很忙碌。48選擇C。他打工的目的就是為了掙錢，進而購買那輛自行車，所以此處表示的是他的“錢”越來越多。49選擇B。他知道他很快就有“足夠”的錢購買那輛渴望已久的自行車。【誤點診斷】 老師們都認為44和45題易錯，因為44題中每個

15、選項都可以搭配，但聯(lián)系一下前面的advice可得到正確答案。45題也需要聯(lián)系上段Mr.Clay所說的話方能得到正確答案。解決方案與指南(1)完形填空題的文章是一篇具有完整語言信息的短文，其段與段、句與句、甚至詞與詞之間都有不可分割的聯(lián)系，所以考生在選擇答案時不要只注意空格所在的短語、句子或段落，還要從上下文中尋找相關(guān)的提示信息。(2)考生在做題時有時會遇到幾處答案難以確定，考生在推敲疑點時要緊扣文意，從全篇的角度尋找線索，應該把答案填入后使句意與上下文一致，避免只注意搭配而忽視語意的現(xiàn)象。直擊高考與警示完形填空在出題時有這樣一條原則：去掉20個空格后不會影響考生對文章大意的了解。所以，考生在正

16、式填空前，大可不必為理解上的障礙而省略了這至關(guān)重要的一步。而做題時的全面性觀察，全局性思考是非常重要的。并在隨后的閱讀中，不斷修正，以求與原文一致。問題二：基礎(chǔ)知識不牢固，對同義詞、近義詞的辨析能力不強，以及對一詞多義掌握不全面問題描述與分析完形填空中的語法考查已經(jīng)被淡化，但是同義詞(組)、近義詞(組)的考查被加強，有些學生由于在平時學習時的積累不夠，對易混詞(組)的分辨力低，導致看每個選項都似是而非，有時甚至出現(xiàn)直接蒙答案的現(xiàn)象。典例精析與診斷【例1】 (2009·天津卷)The first time I remember noticing the crossing guard w

17、as when he waved to me as I drove my son to school. He _16_ me with a puzzleall because he waved to me like someone does _17_ seeing a close friend. A big, _18_ smile accompanied his wave. For the next few days I tried to _19_ his face to see if I knew him. I didnt. Perhaps he had _20_ me for someon

18、e else. By the time I contented myself with the _21_ that he and I were strangers, we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends.Then one day the _22_ was solved. As I _23_ the school he was standing in the middle of the road _24_ his stop sign. I was in line behind four cars. _2

19、5_ the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk, he lowered his sign and let the cars _26_. To the first he waved and _27_ in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days. The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply. The second car got the same _28_ from

20、 the crossing guard, and the driver, a stiff­looking(表情刻板的) businessman, gave a brief, almost _29_ wave back. Each following car of kids on their way to school _30_ more heartily.Every morning I continued to watch the man with _31_. So far I havent seen anyone _32_ to wave back. I find it inter

21、esting that one person can make such a(n) _33_ to so many peoples lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. His _34_ armed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the _35_ of the whole neighbourhood.16A.hit BdisappointedCpresented Dbored17A.on

22、Bfrom Cduring Dabout18A.false Bshy Capologetic Dbright19A.research Bstudy Crecognize Dexplore20A.praised Bblamed Cmistaken Drespected21A.conclusion Bdescription Cevaluation Dintroduction22A.argument BdisagreementCmystery Dtask23A.visited Bapproached Cpassed Dleft24A.drawing back Bputting onChanding

23、in Dholding out25A.Once BBefore CUnless DWhile26A.in Bthrough Cout Ddown27A.cried Bcheered Csmiled Dgestured28A.idea Breply Cnotice Dgreeting29A.awkward Bangry Celegant Dpatient30A.came Bresponded Churried Dappeared31A.surprise Bfrustration Cinterest Ddoubt32A.fail Btry Cwish Dbother33A.offer Bsacri

24、fice Cpromise Ddifference34A.effectiveness BcheerfulnessCcarefulness Dseriousness35A.trends BobservationsCregulations Dfeelings【答案解析】16選擇C。本題考查詞語在具體語境中的辨析。本句是指那位協(xié)管員像老朋友一樣向我揮手，給我?guī)砹死Щ蟆resent呈現(xiàn)。17選擇A。本題考查介詞在具體語境中的辨析。從上下文來看，該協(xié)管員的揮手讓我感覺是遇上了很親密的朋友。on表示：在時候；之后立即。如：on arriving home剛到家就18選擇D。本題考查形容詞在具體語境中的

25、辨析。他讓我困惑，是因為他揮手的同時還在快樂地微笑著。此空格處應用一個褒義詞。19選擇B。本題考查詞語在具體語境中的辨析。study注意看，打量，觀察，She studied his face with interest.她很有興趣地打量著他的面孔。20選擇C。考查詞組搭配。mistake.for把誤認為。21選擇A。本題考查名詞在具體語境中的辨析。經(jīng)過長時間的觀察，顯然我得出了一個結(jié)論。22選擇C。考查對下文語境的理解。由下文可知，作者通過觀察，弄清了這件“神秘的事，難以理解的事物”。23選擇B。考查對上下文語境的理解。由上下文可知，他是指揮校門口的交通，讓學生安全過馬路的，故當我開車接近校

26、門口時，用approach。24選擇D。本題考查動詞短語在具體語境中的辨析。hold out伸出。他站在路中間伸出“停”的牌子。在draw back往回跑；退卻；縮回；put on把放在上；穿上，戴上；裝出，假裝；增加(體重、肌肉、價錢、速度等)，添上；上演(戲劇等)。hand in交上，遞交，呈送。25選擇A。本題考查連詞在具體語境中的辨析。該協(xié)管員的任務就是讓學生走到人行道安全之處，故學生們“一旦”走到安全處，就會放行過往車輛。26選擇B。本題考查介詞在具體語境中的辨析。let through放行，讓通過，如：Open the gate and let the crowd through.

27、把大門打開，讓人們過去。27選擇C。考查對上下文語境的理解。由本句中in just the same way以及上文可知，他沖著這位司機微笑。28選擇D。考查對上文語境的理解。對應上文的smile。29選擇A。考查對上下文語境的理解。這位司機神情刻板，但在這位協(xié)管員的問候下，也受到感染略略揮了揮手，方式有點尷尬笨拙。awkward(動作或表情)笨拙的；難看的；粗野的。30選擇B。考查對上下文語境的理解。隨后每輛車子上的孩子都報以更熱誠的反應。31選擇C。考查對上文語境的理解。作者觀察如此仔細，一定是饒有興趣地觀察著這位協(xié)管員的。32選擇A。本題考查動詞在具體語境中的辨析。由上下文可知，在這位協(xié)

28、管員的熱情獨特的指揮下，幾乎沒有哪位司機會不回以揮手的。fail to do未能33選擇D。考查詞組搭配。make a difference to對產(chǎn)生重大影響，很重要。協(xié)管員的原本很簡單的一些動作改變了許多人的生活，讓人們非常開心。34選擇B。考查對上下文語境的理解。他讓人們從一大早就有了一個開心的心境。cheerfulness高興，快樂。35選擇D。考查對上文語境的理解。綜合全文內(nèi)容，這位協(xié)管員友好的揮手和微笑的笑臉讓整個街區(qū)的人都改變了，變得情緒好了。【誤點診斷】 2009年天津卷完形考查的重點是詞或詞組在具體語境中的辨析，易錯題為22,24,33,34和35，考查的為高級詞匯或相似短語

29、，要求考生在平時必須準確把握詞或詞組的意義。解決方案與指南考生在平時學習詞匯、短語時，要特別注意一詞多義的現(xiàn)象，掌握其本義和引申義，同時在平時學習備考中，要注意將英語單詞以及一些固定詞組根據(jù)其意義或結(jié)構(gòu)進行分類，成組的記憶，可提高英語學習效率，這樣就可以把學過的單詞或短語條理化、系統(tǒng)化，提高運用單詞、短語的準確率。直擊高考與警示單詞是英語中最小的單位，但是卻承載和組合著所有英文的表達信息，考生在平時注意積累，牢固準確地分辨相近詞語的準確含義，并在高考中運用，學會在具體的語境中靈活運用詞匯。問題三：文章的意思無法準確掌握，把握不好文章主旨大意而大量失分問題描述與分析完形填空的文章體裁常為夾敘夾議

30、，所以文章中的轉(zhuǎn)折點常出現(xiàn)在文中偏后的位置，有些考生由于沒有足夠重視或能力不夠而對文章的主旨大意產(chǎn)生誤解，出現(xiàn)一連串的偏頗，造成大量失分。典例精析與診斷【例1】 (2009·重慶卷)People often fall ill because of me. _36_ they can hardly blame me；it is largely their own _37_. A tired person may get _38_， especially when he goes to crowded places with polluted air. A sudden change i

31、n _39_ is another factor. In hot summer, people turn on the air­conditioner upon returning home. They will catch a cold easily.My latest victim is an energetic student. After school, he played football hard for two hours. Though _40_， he still went to the cinema. Then he got back home and took

32、a cold shower immediately.I seized this golden chance to _41_ him. He reacted, trying to _42_ me, but I was already _43_ deep in his throat. He kept sneezing(打噴嚏) and his nose was running. _44_ he put on some warm clothes, it didnt work, for there were too many of us. Besides, his sore throat kept _

33、45_ him, and he developed a cough to force me and my family out, but _46_.The next day he couldnt go to _47_. He had lost his appetite and was not as _48_ as before. His mother made him orange juice every few hours for more vitamin C, which would help his _49_.For two days he was _50_ by his mother.

34、 As he rested more, his defense strengthened and I began to feel the _51_. I knew I had to _52_ him before long. But I am not the one who gives up easily, and I made every effort to fight back. _53_， it was my turn to feel _54_ now, for his defense system was starting an all­out attack against

35、me. I became _55_ and finally my time was over.Do you know what I am?36A.Therefore BBesidesCHowever DThen37A.business BresponsibilityCexcuse Dfault38A.punished Bblamed Ccaught Dkilled39A.temperature BseasonCplace Dcondition40A.excited Bhurt Clate Dtired41A.injure Bbother Cattack Ddestroy42A.get on w

36、ith Bget rid ofCput up with Dtake hold of43A.reproducing BwaitingChiding Ddisappearing44A.Since BOnce CWhether DAlthough45A.reminding BupsettingCcomforting Dinfluencing46A.escaped BsucceededCregretted Dfailed47A.bed Bwork Cschool Dhospital48A.peaceful Bafraid Cactive Dhappy49A.recovery BdevelopmentC

37、study Daffected50A.protected Bnursed Cscolded Dafected51A.loss Boperation Cpressure Dmovement52A.leave Bcatch Cforget Dbeat53A.Uncertainly BUnsuccessfullyCUnusually DUnfortunately54A.painful BdisappointedCnervous Dashamed55A.bigger Bweaker Csmaller Dstronger【答案解析】36選擇C。前后兩句話是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，即人們經(jīng)常會因我而生病，可是他們卻又不

38、能批評我。37選擇D。因為是他們自己的責任，所以他們不能批評我。根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，只有D項符合語境。38選擇C。get caught的本義是“被抓住；被困住”，在這里的意思是：疲勞的人容易被感冒病毒困住，即容易患感冒。39選擇A。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話可知，本題應該選A，即氣溫的突然變化，會導致人感冒。40選擇D。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，這個學生已經(jīng)踢了兩個小時的球了，當然應該很累了。因此D項合理。41選擇C。injure表示“傷害，損害”；bother表示“打擾”；attack表示“攻擊，進攻”；destroy表示“破壞，毀滅”。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，顯然C項正確，即趁機攻擊這個學生。42選擇B。ge

39、t rid of表示“擺脫；消除”，即這個學生想要擺脫感冒。其他幾個選項不合語境。get on with表示“和相處”；put up with表示“容忍；忍受”；take hold of表示“抓住”。43選擇A。reproduce表示“再生；繁殖”。44選擇D。這句話的意思是：雖然他穿上了一些暖和的衣服，可是沒有用。其他選項不合語境。45選擇B。嗓子疼痛讓他很是不安。46選擇D。即他沒有成功地將感冒病毒驅(qū)除。47選擇C。根據(jù)上文可知，這是個孩子，因此本題選C，即他不能上學了。48選擇C。即不像以前那樣活潑有精神了上文提到這個孩子喜歡活動。49選擇A。他媽媽給他補充維生素C是為了幫助他恢復身體健

40、康。其他選項不合題意development表示“發(fā)展”；study表示“學習”；growth表示“生長”。50選擇B。nurse表示“護理；看護”，即孩子兩天時間一直由他的媽媽照顧他。51選擇C。loss表示“損失”；operation表示“手術(shù)”；pressure表示“壓力”；movement表示“運動”。根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，顯然C項正確，即“我”感到了壓力，根據(jù)前面的his defense strengthened可推知答案。52選擇A。即不久就必須要離開這個學生了。53選擇D。根據(jù)前面一句話可知“我”想要努力地還擊，可不幸的是，現(xiàn)在應該輪到“我”感到痛苦了(就像上面提到的孩子的痛苦一樣)。54選擇A。即現(xiàn)在輪到“我”感到很痛苦了。55選擇B。根據(jù)后面的finally my time was over可知，B項正確，即“我”變得越來越虛弱了。【誤點診斷】 根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文是以感冒病毒的口吻寫的一篇文章。這