1、現在完成時精講和專練I. 定義：表示過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，也可以表示過去已經開始，一直延續到現在的動作或狀態II. 現在完成時的結構肯定句：have/has+ done (過去分詞) 否定句：主語+have/has+not+ done (過去分詞)+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+ done (過去分詞)+其他.簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成時不能與for，since等表示一段時

2、間的詞連用。用來持續的動作或狀態或表過去重復的動作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自從）或for（經歷）引導的詞語連用。如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。III. 現在完成時的標志1.現在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現在仍有影響, 現在完成時通常和，ever, never, twice（once）, so far（到目前為止）, since，for，in the past/last few years（在過去幾年） , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑問句）, jus

3、t(剛剛), before（以前）, recently（近來） 等詞連用說明：already與yet都有“已經”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他們已經離開了,也就是說現在他們人不在這里)I have had my lunch. (我已經吃過午飯了,也就是說我現在不餓)I cant f

4、ind my watch now. I think I have already lost it.2.過去已經開始的動作一直延續到現在, 甚至有可能繼續延續下去,我們可以從動作“延續”的特性和“時間”點段的區分入手。for+時段 since+過去一個時間點（過去 從句）為標志注意： 1)現在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能與when連用IV. 現在完成時的用法A表示過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，強調對現在造成的影想或結果）。例如： The car has arrived.車子來了

5、。（結果：車子已在門口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。（結果：窗戶仍破著）B. 表示過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在（包括“現在”在內）的一段時間的狀語連用,如for+時間段、since+過去的時間點、疑問詞how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在這個工廠工作已經五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自從2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中國。 How

6、 long have you been here? 你來這里多久了？ 注意：此種用法中表示持續動作或狀態的動詞必須是延續性動詞（否定句除外）。例如： (1)這本書我已經買了三個月了。 錯誤：I have bought the book for three months. 正確：I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥參軍多長時間了？ 錯誤：How long has your brother joined the army? 正確：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?延

7、續性動詞與非延續性動詞之間的轉換 9leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be over fall ill -be illget up-be up catch a cold - have a cold put on wearcome/become/go - be here fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) get to know - know join-be a member of . (成

8、為的一員) open -be openclose -be closed用相應的延續性動詞替換短暫性動詞，句中謂語動詞用現在完成時，時間狀語為“for時間段”或“since時間點”。如：He has been in the Green China for three years.He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“綠色中國”已經三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years.He joined the Party

9、2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示時間段的短語有:for+一段時間(for 2 years), since+從句(since he came here), since+時間點名詞( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。V. 現在完成時態與一般過去時態的區別 1一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，

10、強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強調動作發生的時間是yesterday 。）I have seen this film.（強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）2一般過去時和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：ago, last week/.In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday .Then(那時),that day, one day, once(從前)現在完成時常和recently（近來），ever, n

11、ever, twice, so far（到目前為止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑問句）, just(剛剛), before（以前）連用。現在完成時不與表示過去的時間狀語連用。現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. VI. 比較since和forsince 后接時間點， for后接時間段，試比較：I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have l

12、ived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.VII. 比較 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to.表示“曾去過某地，已經從那里回來了”，可以和ever、never、twice等連用。have(has) gone to表示“已經去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達那里還沒有回來”。have(has) been in 表示“

13、在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾經)到/去過上海.(但他人現在肯定不是在上海而是回來了)He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經去上海了.(也許剛動身出發,也許已經到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經有三天了 語法練習I. 延續性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉化1. He died

14、 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago.He _here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The ligh

15、t _for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a ye

16、ar. He _ the army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. II. 單項選擇。( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _？. Just . ago .before .a moment ago( )3. How long have you _ here ? About two months . been .

17、gone . come . arrived( )4. Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better. changed; better ( )5. _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished.Have; done; have finished . will; do; f

18、inish( )6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. will see . have seen . saw .see( )8. These farmers have been to the United States .Really? When _ there ?. will they go .did they go . do they go . have they g

19、one ( )9. Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying( )10. His father _ the Party since 1998 .joined . has joined . was in . has been in( )11. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have

20、 become . have made( )12. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?. already .never .ever . still( )13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began( )14. It _ ten years since he left the army . Is . has . will . was( )15. Miss Green isn't in the office. She_ to t

21、he library.has gone . went .will go . has been( )16. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been( )17. The students have cleaned the classroom, _?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they( )18. has Mr. White been a member of Greener China sinc

22、e he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )19. His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型轉換。1、He has never surfed, _ ?（改成附加疑問句） 2、They have been here since 2001. (提問) _ hav

23、e they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) （動詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉換) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Green left an hour ago. (同義句轉換)Miss Green _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party thr

24、ee years _ .句型轉換：1. He has already gone home. He _ _ home _. (否定句) _ he _ home _? (疑問句)2. He has lunch at home. He _ _ lunch at home. (否定句) _ he _ lunch at home? (疑問句)3. He has been there twice. _ _ _ _ he been there? (劃線提問)4. I have lunch at school. _ _ you _ lunch. (劃線提問)5、They have been here sinc

25、e 2000.  (對劃線部分提問)                        have they been here?6、The old man _ last year. He               

26、0;   for a year. (die) （動詞填空）7、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉換)   his factory               _ for twenty years.8、Miss Gao left an hour ago.  (同義句轉換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.9、Her mothe

27、r has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _.10、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉換)    _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.11、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個句子合并成一個句子)   _

28、三、漢譯英。1、他昨天收到一封信。_2、我父親以前到過長城。_4、她去過上海。_5、他這些天上哪兒去了？_現在完成時練習 ：一、 單項選擇。10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in

29、D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away22. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. h

30、ave joined C. have been in23.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened24.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become26.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over

31、27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept32.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had

32、 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take40.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep二、 句型轉換。1、He has never surfed, _?（改成反意疑問句） 4、This fac

33、tory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉換) This factory _ for twenty years.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.一、用過去時或現在完成時填空：1. “_ you _ (h

34、ave) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your

35、father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11.Have you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where_ you _(buy) it?” “ I _(buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”二、用since和for填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 1999 5._ yesterday 6.