1、in advance事先；提前 on purpose故意adjust to （使）適應于，把調節到apply for 申請，請求assign to指派，選派attempt at企圖，努力attribute to把歸因于，歸咎于 benefit from 受益，獲益belong to 屬于burst out + v-ing爆發，突然發作catch up with 趕上 combine with 結合，聯合，化合 concentrate on 集中，專心cope with 對付，應付 count on dedicate to奉獻，把用在 differ from 不同 equip with裝備，配備

2、 figure out計算岀；領會到 focus on （使）聚焦，（使）集中倚靠，指望deal with處理，論述，涉及depend on/upon依靠，信賴，取決于engage in使從奮于，使忙于exchange for交換，調換，兌換 find out查明，發現 hear of/about 聽到hear from收到的（來信）can/could not help + v-ing 禁不住，忍不住 hinder from 阻止，妨礙involve in 卷入,陷入；牽涉，包含leave behind留卜，忘記帶major in主修，專攻object to反對，不贊成persist in堅持

3、不懈,執意;持續point out扌旨出respond to響應，回答plunge into縱身投入，跳入；猛沖； remind sb. of sth.使想起remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事resort to求助；訴諸于，采取，憑借result in導致，結果是select from挑選，選擇 separate from （使）分離；（使）分開settle down定居；解決，調停share with分與，分派，分配，分享，共用specialize in擅長于，專門研究，專攻suffer from忍受，遭受；使痛苦，患病；switch off切斷，（用開關）關掉swit

4、ch on接通，（用開關）開起affect v.影響,傳染，感動effort n.努力 effect n.結果，影響effective adj.有效的；卓有成效apply v.申請application n.申請書 applicant n.申請人 aware adj.意識到的，知道的 unaware adj.沒有意識到的（反義詞）appreciate v.欣賞，感謝,正確評價appreciation n.欣賞,感謝benefit n.益處，好處v.有益于，受益 campus n.（大學）校園candidate n.候選人，報考者,申請者capable adj.有能力的，能干的 career n

5、.職業，生涯，經歷case n.案例，情況，事實，病例 challenge n.挑戰，艱巨任務v.挑戰，要求試 common adj.共同的character n.性格chase v./n.追逐，追求，尋覓contract v.收縮，縮小n.合同，契約cheat v./n.欺騙，作弊，騙子，欺騙行為check v./n.檢查，核對n.支票circumstance n.情況，形勢，境遇complain v.抱怨，申訴 complaint n.抱怨，申訴，疾病compete v.競爭，比賽competition n.比賽，競爭competitive adj.競爭激烈的；充滿競爭的convenien

6、t adj.方便的，舒適的convenience n.便利，方便，公共廁所create v.創造，產生credit n.信貸，信任v.信任crisis n.危機，決定性時刻，轉折點（pl.crises）critical adj.決定性的，批判的，危急的criticize/-ise v.批評，評論，指責cultivate v.栽培，培養，耕作culture n.文化，教養curiosity n.好奇心custom n.習慣，風俗customer n.顧客direction n.方向，方位 disappear v.不見，消失 disaster n.災難，大禍discourage v.使氣餒,阻礙e

7、motion n.情感，激情，情緒 emphasis v./n.強調，重點encourage v.鼓勵,激勵enforce v.實施，生效，強迫，執行，加強 enlarge v.擴大，擴展，詳述ensure v.保證，擔保，確定enable v.是能夠，使有能力enrich v.使豐富專升本考試日近，為了滿足大家的要求，同吋實現自己在課堂上的承諾，現在把專升本 語法部分的命題趨勢和解題關鍵整理出來，以期助你們在考試中更有把握的得到該得到 的分數。注意：本文僅為個人非官方非權威預測，與任何機構和個人無關。木文旨在點擊重點，以及針對重點“授人以漁匕因此，煩請不要問我能不能“押中"原題。請

8、結合我去年發表的日志硝煙更濃升木復習中的重點一文系統復習，充分 備戰！語法很重要，但不是全部，專升本復習要全面進行，每一塊都要合理安排時間不斷深化!來到這里看到文章的，都請留下你的腳印。根據過去九年升本考試的考查重點，結合近幾年（尤其是0608年）考察的熱門知識 點，可把2010年專升本語法的考察的熱點鎖定在以下兒塊：非謂語動詞、虛擬語氣、倒 裝結構、定語從句、名詞性從句（特別是主語從句和同位語從句）、時態和語態的結合 考察。一、非謂語動詞需要掌握的非謂語動詞的三種形式：to dov-ingdone動詞不定式現在分詞過去分詞1.表目地1.主動,一般的1 完成，被動的2將來”要做”2.主動，正在

9、進行的2.主動,完成的這里面考察的熱點乂以現在分詞作賓語，主動形式表被動意義，省略（o的動詞不定式, 不定式作賓語，分詞作狀語（動詞不定式）以及幾個慣用結構為熱點。非謂語動詞作賓語:后面必須跟 v-ing 的動詞：avoid/cnjoy/dcny/finish/mind/prcfcr. .to等后面必須跟 to do 的動詞：pretend/tend/promise/refuse/fail/manage/hope 等真題范例：1. i don't mindout for a walk in such a bad weather.a. to go b. going c. go d. we

10、nt2.1 don't understand why he pretendedin the garden.a. to see me not b. not to see me c. not seeing me d. seeing me not分詞作狀語的考察：(這類題的特點是句中有逗號和主句隔開，答案都含有非謂語的形 式)解題關鍵：先找到主句的主語，結合所給答案，判斷主語和從句(含有空格的通常是從 句)的關系是主動還是被動，1. _from space, our earth, with water covcring70% of its surface, appears as a &quo

11、t;blueplanet".(09.32)a. seen b. seeing c. to be seen d. having seen2. more time, the scientists will be able to work out a good solution to theproblem.(06.14)a. given b. giving c. to give d. be given3. finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.a. having not been b. being not c. n

12、ot having d. having not本文所有真題都不再寫答案，也請不要問我答案你能看到這篇文章說明上過我的課, 如果上過我的課還解不出來題，你現在馬上要做的只有三件事深深的自我檢討；瘋 狂的翻動書頁；向身邊比你牛的同學請教。習慣用法的考察： it is no good/use doing sth. 例:it is no use crying over spilt milk.后悔沒有用. there is no point/use/good (in) doing sth.干某事沒必要/意義/用處a have a difficulty/trouble/problem/good time/

13、hard time +(in) doing sth二、虛擬語氣的考察：虛擬語氣的考察點近幾年變化不大，主要集中在對過去的虛擬（結合倒裝結構考察）虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should,或had,可將if省略,再把were, should或had移到從句句首,實行倒裝。, your advice yesterday, i would have missed the train. (04.06)a. had i not taken b. if i didn't takec. if i haven't taken d. provided i didnft take另外一

14、個考試熱點就是虛擬語氣在從句中的考察，即在表示建議，要求，命令等意思的動詞(request, require, demand, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, command，order , desire, insistj后面禹從旬中，謂語動詞用should+易貝原形(should可以省略，that不能省略)our director suggested that the newsat once.a. announce b. would announce c be announced d. should announce另外，還有幾個固定的結構，如 it

15、 is high/about time that/ would rather 的用法wish的用法/ lest/for fear that引導的結構以及 must have done/cant have done/ should have done/ shouldn't have done/need have done 等1 .it's high timeabout the traffic problem. (08.08)a. something was done b. something is donec anything will be done d nothing to

16、be done2. i would rather youto the party with her. (06.29)a. go b. went c will go d. has gone3.1 gave her my telephone number lest sheher way to my home.a. had forgotten b. forgot c. should forget d would have forgotten(請務必參考上課所記筆記，把這一部分知識點結合精講過的例題弄透！) 三、定語從句的考察: 這幾年似乎有_個必考的焦點，就是對井限定性定語從句的反復考察，尤其是其中

17、 which/as來代指前面整個句子的用法。除此之外還有關系代詞tha(使用亦特殊先行詞 all/the only等詞之后的考察;介詞+關系代詞的考察。(還是要結合筆記針對這幾塊好好 復習啊)1 she has fallen in love with jack,i find hard to imagine. (09.28)a. who b. that c. whom d. which2. the sun heats the earth,makes it possible for plants to grow. (06.31)a. that b. where c. which d. what3.

18、 allis a continuous supply of fuel. (08.37)a. what is neededb. the thing neededc that is neededd. for their needs4. is this the houseshakespeare was born? (09.09 )a. which b. in that c. in which d. at which四、主語從句：主語從句考察的關鍵點就在兒個特殊詞在句首引導的主語從句，集中在 who/whoever/whatever/whether 等詞引導的主語從句。1. leaves the ro

19、omlast ought toturn off the lights-(09.10)a. anyoneb. the personc. whoeverd. who2. his dream of going to collegewill cometrue is uncertain. (08.04)a. thatb.whether c. ifd. even if3. you ought to do is to see a doctor. (07.35)a. how b. what c. which d. that五、倒裝結構最近幾年考察最多的就是部分倒裝，部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝

20、 至主語之前，構成的正確結構應是：助動詞/情態動詞/be動詞+主語+實義動詞no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely,at no time, in no way, in no case, by no means, on no account, no longer, not until.1. not until ten o'clockit was too late to return.(03.04)a. they realized b. they did realize c did they realize d. realized

21、they2. seldomin such a rude way.(07.31)a. we have been treatedb. have we been treatedc. we have treatedd have we treated3. littlethat the police are about to arrest him.a. does he know b. he doesn't know c. he knows d. he didn't know除此之外，only置于句首的倒裝；讓步狀語從句的倒裝也在考察的范圍：1 only when we came back

22、home,hat my watch was missing. (06.13)a. did i find b. i found c. i had found d. had 1 found2. , water resources have been severely wasted or polluted. (09.31)a. they are scarce b. scarce they arec scarce as they are d. as scarce they are3. greatthe difficulties are, we must do our best to succeed.

23、(06.25)a while b. as c. although d. however六、時態和語態的考察吋態除了在09年沒有選擇題專門考察，以前每年都有專門的考察，在備考中不能忽視, 但考察的重點，集中在完成吋態：1.1 have been to the west lake three times 1970.a. since b until c. from d. after2. john and ifriends for eight years. we first got to know each other at a christmasparty. but weeach other a c

24、ouple of times before that.a. had been; have seen b. have been; have seenc. had been; had seen d. have been; had seen3. by the time you arrive in lon don, wein europe for two weeks.a shall stay b have stayed c will have stayed dhave been staying4. i. the studentstheir classroom when the visitors arr

25、ived.a have cleaned b. had cleanedc. was cleanedd. have been cleaned5. some of the apples were rotten before reaching the market andaway.a. could be thrownb. had to be thrownc. could throwd. had to throw第五題答案：b蘋果作主語，只能用被動，從含有被動結構的ab里選擇，由該句句意判斷是蘋果在上市前腐爛，因此選擇“不得不''的選項。be absent from缺席,不在be abs

26、orbed in全神貫注于近：be lost in；be concentrated on；be focused on考慮進去o account(=consideration)把 ahead of time 提前confess to a crime 承認罪行have confidence in 對有信心be confident of 有信心confidential 機密的o consideration(二o account)考慮到,把考慮進去considerate(=thoughtful of the needs)體貼的，考慮他人需要的， cons

27、iderable相當大的，值得考慮的contrast.with.把與相對(對照)in contrast to/with 和形成對比by contrast對比之下take sth. under control(被)控制住out of control無法控制be convenient to/for 對方便cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)應付，處理at all costs不惜任何代價at the cost of以為代價emerge from( = appear, become known)出現，暴露(問題，意見等)end up with

28、以而結束engage in 或 be engaged in 忙于，從事be equipped with 裝備有，裝有except( = but)除了有作用except for(=apart from)除以外 be good for 對有好處；對be good at擅長于;be good to 對好take.for granted(=assume to be true)把認為理所當然的be in the habit of 習慣于get (fall) into the habit of 養成了的習慣live from hand to mouth勉強度日，現掙現吃at heart( = in rea

29、lity)內心里，實際上in onel heart(of hear內心深處，事實上by heart( = by memory)熟記，背(誦) with all one*s heart全心全意地，真心實意be ignorant of(=lacking knowledge)對不了解，不知道make (leave)an impression on sb<=give sb.an impression 給留下印象make the most (use)of 充分利用 gift talentby nature天生的，生來 in nature本質上naturalname after用的名字命名而已non

30、e other than不是別人，正是 nothing but只有，不過it occurs to sb.that某人想到 all at once(=suddenly, now)立即，馬上once in a while(=occasionally)偶爾in order井井有條，處于良好狀態； out of order( = in bad condition)出毛病，發生故障 participate in( = take part in)參加be patient with 對耐心perform on the piano(=play the piano)演奏鋼琴persist in堅持，固執 in

31、person 親自，當面come to the point談主要問題there is no point in doing sth沒必要做某事 point out(=indicate, show)指出，指明 popular with/among大眾所喜愛的，擁戴point at(=indicate,direct attention)指著resort to訴諸于求助于 resort to force訴諸于武力respond to對反應，響應，對（藥）有效in response to(=as an answer to)回答，反應be responsible foi對負責，是造成原因result in

32、(=caus£)導致with the result that 其結果是in return(for)作為報答；以報答(for) get rid of擺脫,去掉，除去be in the right 正確的；in the wrong 錯誤的give rise to(=lead to)引起，導致的風險at the risk of( = with danger of)起見for the sake of( = for the good or advantage of)為了 be satisfied with 滿意on a large scale 大規模地on schedule按時，準時 ahea

33、d of schedule 提前；in advance 預先；behind schedule落后于計劃進度，晚于規定時間in search of 尋找；in honor of為了表示對敬意；in memory of 為了 紀念；in pursuit of 追求；on behalf of代表的利益;in favor of 贊成 in season 旺季in secret 秘密地；in private 私下be sorry about/for懊悔的，后悔的，難過的specialize in專門研究，專攻in spite of(=despite)盡管stick to粘著，堅持stick to one

34、's friend 忠于朋友stick at(=continue to work hard at)繼續勤奮地致力于；stick at one*s books 勤奮讀書be strict with對嚴格要求be/go on strike 罷工suffer from患病；受苦痛be suitable for(=fit)適合的 be surprised at 對驚奇；take.by surprise 使驚奇； to one*s surprise 使某人驚奇in good taste大方，得體；(反意)in bad taste小家子氣in terms of(=vvith regard to；

35、respectively)按照，根據，在方面think of(=have the idea of)想到；(=consider)考慮；(=remember)想起 on second thoughts 經再三考慮之后at the thought of 一想到for the time being(=temporarily)暫時 in time (for)及時 on time 準時 at no time無論何時也不in on time(=very quickly)立即，馬上at times(=occasionally)間或，時常at all times(=always)始終，總是be in use (

36、=be used)被使用；be out of use(=be on longer used)不再被使用be used to+v-ing習慣于used to+動詞原形(過去常常做)in vain( = uselessly)徒勞 be in the way(=obstructive)礙事,阻礙 by way of( = by going through)經由，取道by the way(=in addition)順帶地(轉移話題)in no way無論怎樣也不in a way從某種程度上說 in a word 總之;against one's will 違心地,違背意愿地in other w

37、ords 換言之;have a word with sb談一談;have words with sb爭吵；hav the last word 有決定權 一時態1時間狀語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現在時代替將來時when, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately典型例題(1) he said he

38、me a present unless iin doing the experiment.a. had not given; had not succeededb. would not give; succeedc. will not give; succeedd. would not give; will succeed.答案b.在時間，條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時。本題有he said,故為過去 式。主句用將來時，故選b.此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時。2. 表示”意圖”、”打算”、”安排“、常用于人。常用詞為 come, go, start, arrive, leave, sta

39、y 等。 pm leaving tomorrow.are you staying here till next week?二非謂語動詞1 .感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel 等+ do表示動作的完整性，真實性；+doing表示動作的連續性，進行性2.獨立主格結構的特點：1）獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關系。3）獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。舉例：the test finished,

40、 we began our holiday.=when the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結束了，我們開始放假。weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。this done, we went home.工作完成后，我們才回家。he came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館該結構否定式：在非謂語動詞前加直接not （考的這可是內部教材上的原題!）200

41、9年專升本考試原題20.finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekenda. having not beenb. being notc. not having d. having not三虛擬語氣1 .it is （high） time that后面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用should加動詞原形，但should 不可省略。it is time that the children went to bed.it is high time that the children should go to bed.2. 虛擬條件句的從句部

42、分如果含有were, should,或had,可將if省略，再把were, should 或had移到從句句首，實行倒裝。were they here now, they could help us.=if they were here now, they could help us.had you come earlier, you would have met him =if you had come earlier, you would have met him.3. a.同現在事實相反的假設。 句型：條件從句主句一般過去時should( would) +動詞原形if they were

43、 here, they would help you.b表示于過去事實相反的假設。(在各類考試中，該結構常把had提前構成倒裝) 句型：條件從句主句過去完成時should(would) have+過去分詞if she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.2009 年專升本原題:30、everything would have been all right.a. he had been thereb. been here he hadd. had he been here主句should+動詞原形would +動詞原形c. here he ha

44、d beenc.表示對將來的假想句型：條件從句一般過去時 were+不定式 should+動詞原形if you succeeded, everything would be all right.if you should succeed, everything would be all right. if you were to succeed, everything would be all right.考點:虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應用 在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞后面的從句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insi

45、st, command, insist + (should) do 例:i suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.2009年原題:6. the teacher insisted that weour homework before 9:00 o，clocka. finished b. had finishedc finish d was finishing四倍數的表達a. 主語+謂語+倍數(分數)+ the size (amount, length.) of.the earth is 49 times the size of the

46、 moon. 地球是月球的 49 倍。（考察頻率最高的結構考試中出現該題型的話，特別注意：紅色部分單詞變化較多） b主語+謂語+倍數（或分數）+ as + adj. + asi have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。c.主語+謂語+倍數（分數）+形容詞（副詞）比較級+ thanthe grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年糧食產量增加8%o五強調結構常考的強調句結構是it引導的句子。it is （was）被強調部分+ that （who） +句子

47、其他部分。典型例題1）it was last nighti see the comet.a. the time b. when c. that d. which答案c.強調句的結構是：it +be +強調部分+ that （who） +主謂句。強調句的連詞只有兩個，that和whoo當強調的部分是人，且為句子的主語時，才用"who%其余用 thato2) it is ten yearsmiss green returned to canada.a. that b. when c. since d. as 答案c.考點是連詞用法。木題易誤選為a. that.其實木句不是強調句。若是，去

48、掉itbe. that還應是一個完整的句子。而本句去掉'it is.that1,只剩下ten years missgreen returned to canada.不成句。因此本句不是強調句。2009年專升本原題：15. it was at the music hallwe met each other for the first timea. when b. where c. which d. that（待續）（接著往下看嘍）1 介詞+關系詞（常用which,whom,whose ）1）介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）判斷該類題型時特別注意：所選介詞一定要和從

49、句中出現的動詞（考的最多）或形容 詞搭配成短語this is the house in which i lived two years ago.this is the house where i lived two years ago.2. as, which非限定性定語從句由as, which引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which 可代整個主句，相當于and this或and thato as 一般 放在句首，which在句中。as we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.the sun heats the earth, which

50、is very important to us.3. as的用法例 1. the same- as； such-as 中的 as 是一種固定 結構，和一樣。i have got into the same trouble as he (has). he is not the same man as he used to be.例2. as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有'正如as we know, smoking is harmful to one，s health.as is known, smoking is harmful to one，s health.4特殊句式（考題中常給出迷惑性

51、的選項anyone或who,除非它們一起出現，否則一定是用whoever）whoever spits in public will be punished here. （whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）5時間狀語從句中的when while as1）as, when引導短暫性動作的動詞。just as / just when / when i stopped my car, a man came up to me.或 whileo2）當從句的動作發生于主句動作之前，只能用when引導這個從句，不可用aswhen you have finished your work, yo

52、u may have a rest.3）從句表示”隨時間推移”連詞能用as,不用when或while。as the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。6主謂一致（你一定要拿到的一分） a.當主語后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的 短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。the teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.he as well a

53、s i wants to go boating.b當there be句型的主語是一系列事物吋，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。there is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.there are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.c. 當either. or.與neither. nor, 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一 致。如果句子是由here, there引導，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語 一致。either yo

54、u or she is to go.here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.d. 在一些短語，如many a金more than one所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數形 式。但由more than. of作主語吋，動詞應與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。many a person has read the novel.許多人都讀過這本書。more than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分z六十多的學生都來自這個 城市。7倒裝結構（歷年最常考的部分倒裝）部分倒裝是指：

55、將謂語的一部分，如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。（注意：正確選項中的選項通常是:情態動詞/助動詞/be動詞（倒裝部分）+主語+實義動 迥）（特別注意:考試時除了注意倒裝結構的形式正確外，述要注意時態！ ！）常考的倒裝情況：a. 句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until. 等。never have i seen such a performance.nowhere will you find the answer to this question.not until

56、 the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.當not until引出主從復合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。b. 否定詞開頭的部分倒裝not only.but also, hardly/scarcely. when, no sooner. thannot only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.no sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.c. only在句首要到裝only in this way, can you learn english well.only after being asked three t