1、介詞的用法與練習(xí)I. 介詞的種類1. 簡單介詞，常用的有 at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without, to, by, with, of,over, behind, up, after, against 等。2.復(fù)合介詞，如on to , along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。3. 介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系(1) 和動詞的搭配，如 agree with, ask for, belong to, keep away from, care about 等。(

2、2) 和形容詞的搭配，如 afraid of, angry with, different from, good at(3) 和名詞的搭配，如 answer to , key to, reason for, a visit to 等 .* 介詞后常跟人稱代詞的賓格和動詞的 ing 形式 。II. 某些介詞的意義與用法區(qū)別1. at, on, in(表時(shí)間 ) : at 表示時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)； in 表示一個(gè)時(shí)期； on 表示特殊日子A. at 后常接幾點(diǎn)幾分，天明，中午，日出，日落，開始等。如：at five o clock,at down, at noon, at midnight, at tha

3、t time/moment， at this time of dayB. in 后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季節(jié)，世紀(jì)等。如：in 2006, in May ， 2004 ， in the morning ， in the afternoon ， in the evening ， in the 21st century ， in three days ， in a week ，in spring 。* C. on 后跟某日，星期幾，某日的朝夕，節(jié)日等 ,即具體某一天極其早 中、晚 .on Sunday ， on a warm morning in April ， on a De

4、cember night ， ， on Christmas afternoon ，on October 1， 1949 ，on New Year s Day.*( 特別提示 ): 在 last, next, this, that, some, every等詞之前一律不用介詞2. between, among(表位置 ) “在 .之間”A. between 僅用于二者之間，如I msitting between Tom and Alice.B. among 用于三者或三者以上之間。如：He is the best among the students.3. beside, besides, ex

5、ceptbeside 意為 " 在 旁邊 " ，He sat beside me.besides意為 "除之外 ", 包括在內(nèi)。What do you want besides this?except 意為 " 除 之外 ", 不包括在內(nèi)They go to work in a week except Saturday.4. in the tree, on the treein the tree ,指動物或人等外來的東西在樹上，on the tree ,指果實(shí)或葉子等樹本身長出來的東西5. on the way, by the way

6、, in this wayon the way 指在路上 , on one s way to .by the way 指順便問一句in this way 用這樣的方法, in that way , in other way, in these ways6. across, through,和 past“通過 , 經(jīng)過” across從表面經(jīng)過 , 如 ,road, bridge, riverthrough 從內(nèi)部空間經(jīng)過 , 如: city, woods, forests, window, gatepast , 從旁邊經(jīng)過 .EX: Fill in the blanks withpast ,a

7、crossor through.1. We have to walk _the gate to go into the factory.2. When we went _the cinema,we saw a traffic accident.3. Look out _the window, please.4. Dont walk_the ice. Its dangerous.5. Suddenly, a young man ran _me.6. If you walk _the square, you will see the Sunflower Hotel.7. The river goe

8、s _the city.8. The old man can swim _the stream.9. I walked _him without saying hello.10. The army moved _the forests quietly.7. for , since,A. since 僅說明什么時(shí)候開始， , 后常跟一個(gè)具體的過去的時(shí)間 . B. for 表示某動作或情況持續(xù)多久 , 后常跟一段時(shí)間。He has studied the piano for 5 years.They have lived here since 1978.EX: Fill in the blanks

9、 with for or since.1. The little boy has been waiting _ two hours outside.2. He has taught here_ he graduated from the college.3. The man has worked in the company _ twenty years ago.4. Have you lived in China _ many years?5. Her grandma has been ill _a few months.8. in, after “ ”A . “in + 段時(shí)間 ”表示將來

10、的一段時(shí)間以后, 用在將來時(shí)態(tài)中., 常回答 how soon 的提問 .B. “ after+段時(shí)間 ”表示過去的一段時(shí)間以后, 相當(dāng)于一段時(shí)間 + laterMy mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after fifty minutes.= He arrived fiftyminutes later.EX: Fill in the blanks with in or after.1. They will leave for Guangzhou _ two hours.2. My father said that h

11、e would come back _ a week.3. _ three hous , they arrived at a small village.4. Will you be able to finish the task _ half an hour?5. Mr. Wang finally mastered how to work the machine _ ten days.9. by, with, in , on,A. by 以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具, 或跟 V-ing 形式 .B. with表示用工具 ,C. in表示用方式，用語言 (語調(diào)、顏色 ) 等D. on表示通過

12、媒介, on the telephone, on the radio, on TVEg:He learned Japanese by listening to the radio.We Chinese have meals with chopsticks.The novel is written in English.Ex: Fill in the blanks withby,with or in,on1. I sent the message to him _email.2. The pupils write _pencils.3. Do you know the meaning of wo

13、rd _Chinese ?4. The man climbed up to the tree _a ladder.5. They solved the problem _ communicating.6. The woman was crying _a low voice.7. The old man often gets news _the radio.8. We often cut things _a knife.9. He improved his writing skill _keeping diaries.10. My grandpa can sing some songs _Rus

14、sian.10 . 放在地點(diǎn)之前的介詞:at, in, onA. at (1) 表示在小地方 ; (2) 表示 “在 附近，旁邊 ” eg: at the door, at the table,B. in (1) 表示在大地方 ; (2) 表示 “在 范圍之內(nèi) ”。C. on表示毗鄰，接壤D. to表示在范圍外，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤III. 介詞的其他一些用法 .1.against, 靠著 , 反對，違背 , 對抗 .He was against the laws.2. as, 作為 . English is used as a mother language.3. at, 在 旁邊 , The b

15、oy is sitting at the door.4. but, 除了 . He has nothing but money.5. for., 為 ., 因?yàn)?., 至于 . He failed the exam for his carelessness.6. like, 象 , 如同 . He looks like my best friend.7.till, until, 直到 , 在 以前 . We didn t go home till five yesterday.8.with , 有，帶著 。 I d like some coffee with sugar.9. by, 在 .附

16、近They live by a river.10. 短語介詞 : thanks to, because of, in spite of, instead of, pass on to, with the help of一 . 選擇最佳答案 (表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的介詞 ).1. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday.2. What do you usually do _ Christmas?3. Mrs Brown worded in the west of Australia _ last summer?4. The first class

17、begins _ 8 oclock _ the morning.5. _the past two months he has been busy with his school work.6. _last Saturday, we had had two football matches with Class Two.7. We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.8. Mr Black will visit our new school building _ two days.9. _ the end of last spring Wang Hai

18、joined the army _ the end.A. At/atB. By/inC. In /atD. At /in10.We will have a football match _ this Saturday afternoon.A. onB. /C. inD. for11.He came to see you _ the evening of May 10 th .A. inB. atC. onD. for12.Im afraid I gave you a lot of trouble _ my stay here.A. inB. forC. duringD. on13.The si

19、nging group will have two performances _ October.A. afterB. sinceC. /D. for14.The supermarket is open _ midnight.A. atB. onC. tillD. /15.She didntgo to work _ that morning. She slept _ noon.A. / tillB. on tillC. at atD. / at16.He was ill _ a week, and _ the week he ate almost nothing .A. for/atB. fo

20、r/duringC. during/duringD. for/for17.Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A. in/inB. in/onC. from/toD. to/in18. Children get presents _ Christmas and _ their birthday. Granny is coming for lunch_ Christmas day.A. at/on/onB. on/on/onC. at/in/atD. in/on/in19._ New Years eve people usually don tgo to

21、 bed until midnight.A. AtB. OnC. ForD. In20.Tom and Paul usually watch TV _ weekends.A. atB. inC. forD. /21.Every day the old man takes these children home _ school.A. atB. toC. fromD. after22. Could you come to my office _ the day after tomorrow.A./B. onC. inD. at23.We had built three bridges over

22、the river _ the end of 1994.A. atB. onstC. forD. by24.Life will be better _ the 21century.A. atB. onC. forD. in25.Do you often work late _ night.A. atB. inC. forD. during二 . 選擇最佳答案 (表示地點(diǎn)運(yùn)動方向的介詞 ).1. I had a new card, and I didn twrite _.2. There is a bridge _ the river.3. He said that he would meet

23、us _ the cinema.4. There is a book store_ the street corner.5. From the top of the teaching building we saw the lake _ us.6. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.7. It was written _ page 20.8. My house is _ the two buildings, so we get little sunshine during the day.9. Lucy is waiting _ No.3 bu

24、s stop _ her father.A. for/forB. for/atC. at/forD. at/at10.Donttalk so loud _ table.A. byB. onC. atD. beside11.Is there anything interesting _ today s newspaper?A. inB. onC. atD. /12.Cars and buses travel _ the road to the town.A. onB. alongC. inD. by13.Can you tell me who spoke _ the meeting ?A. at

25、B. alongC. inD. for14.My uncle lives _ 208 Smith Street.A. atB. onC. toD. with15.At last we reaches the village _ the hill.A. at the foot ofB. at footC. on foot ofD. in the foot from16.Shanghai is _ the east of China and Japan is _the east of China.A. to/toB. to /inC. in /toD. in /in17._ the end of

26、the street you can find the post office.A. ByB. AtC. OnD. In18.Do you often listen _the programmes _ the radio.A. to/ofB. to /inC. to/onD. on /to19.Please wait _the office . Don tcome in until you are called.A. inB. intoC. insideD. outside20.Are you going to leave Guangzhou _ Beijing?A. forB. toC. f

27、romD. in21.The whale has a nose _ the top of its head.A. atB. aboveC. overD. on22.You must go _ the bridge and then you will see the bank _ the left.A. over/onB. to /byC. to/onD. over/at23.There is a hole _ the wall.A. inB. atC. forD. towards24.Can you tell me the way _ Shanghai Zoo?A. toB. atC. for

28、D. towards25. Bill kicked the ball too hard , and it went _ the street _ one of Mr. Smithswindows.A. across/onB. through./onC. across/throughD. to / through三. 選擇最佳答案(注意與一些動詞搭配使用的介詞)1. Thank you _ your coming.2. He spent a long time _ the maths problem.3. Mr Li is going to help him _ his Chinese this

29、 afternoon.4. How much did you pay _ this book?5. Please translate the sentence _ English.6. The price of the computer has been reduced_ 5%.7. Please fill the bottle_ tea.8. The machines cut big pieces of metal _small pieces.9. Billy works hard at school and his teachers often praise him_ his hard w

30、ork.A. withB. atC. onD. for10.You must apologize _ her for your rudeness.A. toB. atC. onD. with11.I got angry and I threw a stone _him.A. toB. towardsC. atD. for12.You can borrow the book _ your school library.A. fromB. toC. forD. at13.I prefer coffee_ tea.A. overB. toC. forD. than14.Would you show

31、me _ your factory?A. toB. inC. atD. round15.Dontcatch me _ the arm. I have nothing to do _the matter.A. by/withB. on/withC. by/onD. on/on16.Help yourself_ some fish. It tastes very nice.A. withB. onC. inD. to17. Bill must deliver the newspapers_ people s houses_ all kinds of weather.A. to/inB. at/in

32、C. for/forD. to/for18.They haventdecided_ the date for the next meeting.A. forB. byC. inD. on19.Let me introduce her _ you.A. withB. onC. toD. for20.Li Ling fell _ his bicycle this morningA. onB. downC. offD. to21.I shouted_ her, but shi didn thear me.A. toB. atC. onD. for22.Tom has made friends_ ma

33、ny Chinese students.A. withB. toC. byD. among23.After school, I often learn singing and dancing _ hobbies.A. /B. onC. inD. for24.LI Ming fell ill this morning, so he asked _ leave.A. fromB. forC. onD. in25.I saw the man hit the boy _ the face.A. inB. onC. towardD. by四. 選擇最佳答案(注意介詞的習(xí)慣用法)1. Mr Li, sha

34、ll I write _ ink?2. Can you find out the answer_ these questions?3. _ his help, I passed the English test yesterday.4. Dontforget to bring your text book _ you.5. The people are waiting _ the bus, and they ate standing _ line.6. Can you sing this song _ English?7. Who is the boy _ blue trousers?8. He decided to get some medicine_ his cold.9. The babyssleeping. Dontspeak_ such a loud voice.A. withB. inC. onD. at10.The old woman over there is blind _ both eyes.A. onB. withC.