1、第四集語法填空核心考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)突破       連詞與介詞  語言學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)  ,【考向聚焦】歷年高考題中至少有一道題要考到連詞或介詞。介詞的考查形式多樣，除了單純考查介詞外，還常考查介詞與其他詞的搭配。此外，在定語從句中，也常考查“介詞關(guān)系代詞”的用法。有些介詞的考查頻率較高，如with，beyond。連詞考查較多的有：but和while，“祈使句and/or并列句”中的and和or；另外，for作為并列連詞的用法也是一考點(diǎn)。 對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P12用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或介詞填空1(201

2、3安徽，22)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest，look in your local library_a book about it.解析考查介詞。句意：在你去一個(gè)名勝旅行之前，在你當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館尋找一本關(guān)于它的書。本題關(guān)鍵在于認(rèn)識(shí)到動(dòng)詞look與選項(xiàng)中的介詞搭配構(gòu)成固定短語的時(shí)候，其中隔有短語in your local library。答案for2(2013福建，29)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always _ the way whe

3、never she tries to.解析考查介詞短語。句意：史密斯太太發(fā)現(xiàn)想收拾一下那些亂七八糟的東西有困難，因?yàn)槊慨?dāng)她想要做的時(shí)候她的那些孩子總是妨礙她。答案in3(2013湖北，30)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered_ chance a long lost antique Greek vase.解析考查短語辨析。此處表示“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)遺失多年的古希臘花瓶”。答案by4(2013北京，26)I have an appointment _ Dr.Smith，bu

4、t I need to change it.解析考查介詞。短語為have an appointment with sb，意為“與某人預(yù)約、約會(huì)”。答案with5(2013新課標(biāo)，11)A serious study of physics is impossible_some knowledge of mathematics.解析考查介詞。句意：如果沒有一點(diǎn)數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)，要認(rèn)真研究物理是不可能的。答案without6(2013新課標(biāo)，34)It was a real race_time to get the project done.Luckily，we made it.解析考查介詞。句意：為了完成

5、這項(xiàng)工程，這真是與時(shí)間的一次賽跑。答案against7(2013新課標(biāo)，32)There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery_another man，also intelligent，fails.解析考查并列連詞。根據(jù)句意，前后兩句話為兩種情況的對(duì)比“一個(gè)人會(huì)做出一個(gè)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)，而另一個(gè)人，也很聰明，但是失敗了”。并列連詞while表示對(duì)比。答案while8(2013重慶，23)It's not easy to change habits，_ with awareness and selfco

6、ntrol，it is possible.解析考查并列連詞。句意：改變習(xí)慣不易，但如果是有意識(shí)和有自我控制能力的話，還是有可能的。前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用并列連詞but。答案but 對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P12 介詞的普通用法【典例1】 Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.(2009上海)解析考查介詞的用法。among表示“三者或三者以上的同類事物之間”。根據(jù)題干中“在獲獎(jiǎng)的14個(gè)人里邊，中國模特占4人”可知。答案among

7、【典例2】 He invited me to a dance after the show _ Christmas Eve.(2009陜西)解析考查介詞的用法。at Christmas表示在圣誕期間；介詞on后接具體的某一天。此處表示在圣誕節(jié)前夕，故用介詞on。答案on【典例3】 Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name，not case number.(2010江西)解析句意：如今一些醫(yī)院以名字來叫病人，而不是以病歷號(hào)。考查固定短語。by表“方式”。答案by【典例4】 _ the crisis of economy getting mo

8、re and more serious，the government is searching for ways to improve people's life.(2013揚(yáng)州調(diào)研)解析句意：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)變得越來越嚴(yán)重，政府正在想方設(shè)法改善人們的生活。這里the crisis of economy getting more and more serious是一個(gè)短語，所以應(yīng)該用介詞with，表示伴隨；而as，when和if后面都要跟句子。答案With 1When do we need to pay the balance?_ September 30.解析by后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，意

9、為“不遲于”，“在之前”。答案By2Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain _ an inch.解析句意：子彈以一寸之差未擊中上尉的頭部。by可表示時(shí)間、空間、距離等數(shù)量的相差。答案by3A great person is always putting others' interests _ his own.解析句意：偉人總是把他人的利益置于個(gè)人利益之上。above意為“在上方”符合句意。答案above4_ the production up by 60%，the company has had another excellent

10、year.解析句意：由于產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)了60%，該公司又有一個(gè)豐收年。答案With 介詞with的用法主要有1表示“和在一起”，“由陪同”或“有在場(chǎng)”The students went to the farm with their teachers.學(xué)生們與他們的老師一起去了農(nóng)場(chǎng)。2表示“隨著”With time passing，they have grown into big boys and big girls.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，他們已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)成大小伙子和大姑娘了。3with后面加復(fù)合賓語，說明附帶情況He likes to sleep with the windows open.他喜歡開著

11、窗戶睡覺。4表示“具有；帶有；包括在內(nèi)”China is a country with a long history.中國是個(gè)歷史悠久的國家。5表示原因或理由The little girl was trembling with fear.這個(gè)小女孩嚇得發(fā)抖。 介詞短語【典例5】 When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ favor of younger men.(2011湖北，30)解析句意：在被問到他們對(duì)校長(zhǎng)的看法

12、時(shí)，很多老師說他們寧愿看到他讓賢于更年輕的人。考查介詞短語辨析。句中的step aside表示“讓位，讓開”，后面接介詞短語in favor of表示這些老師更贊成起用更年輕的人。答案in【典例6】 More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities _ lack of space.(2010福建)解析“介詞名詞介詞短語”多由in和for開頭，常見的有in favour of(贊成)，in honour of(為了紀(jì)念，為向表示敬意，為慶祝)，for fear of(以免)等，如for lack of(由于缺乏)。答案f

13、or【典例7】We give dogs time，space and love we can spare，and _ return，dogs give us their all.(2010江西)解析“介詞名詞”構(gòu)成的固定短語也是高考的常考點(diǎn)，因此，熟記介詞短語的意義是辨析語意的關(guān)鍵。常見的介詞短語主要由by，for，in，on等“活躍介詞名詞”構(gòu)成，如by chance/accident(偶然)，on purpose(故意)，in return(反過來)。答案in 5Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?解析考查介詞

14、。句意：你覺得這件襯衣的肩部是不是太緊了？across表示“從一邊到另一邊”，符合句意。答案across6An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.解析考查介詞的用法。句意：達(dá)成協(xié)議似乎不可能，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)委員會(huì)成員反對(duì)。against“反對(duì)”，符合句意。答案against 1動(dòng)詞介詞account for說明agree on對(duì)達(dá)成協(xié)議begin with以開始come across碰見go into調(diào)查keep from阻止look for尋找s

15、tand for代表agree with 同意(某人意見)answer for對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)wait for等待decide on對(duì)作出決定head for向前進(jìn)live on靠生活look into調(diào)查stick to堅(jiān)持agree to同意(某種安排等)aim at針對(duì)call for要求get into進(jìn)入hear from接到的信、電話look after照顧run into碰到wait on招待2動(dòng)詞副詞介詞add up to合計(jì)達(dá)come up with提出get on with與相處融洽look down upon看不起look up to敬仰(某人)put up with忍受come

16、up against遭到反對(duì)do away with廢除keep up with跟上look forward to盼望make up for彌補(bǔ)stand out for堅(jiān)決要求come up to達(dá)到get down to開始認(rèn)真考慮live up to不辜負(fù)(期望)look out for當(dāng)心run out of用完stick out for堅(jiān)持要求3動(dòng)詞名詞介詞catch sight of突然看見make room for為騰出地方take pride in以為榮make friends with和交朋友pay attention to注意show interest in對(duì)感興趣make

17、 fun of取笑take care of照顧take part in參加 含有介詞的成語【典例8】 We hadn't planned to meet.We met _ chance.解析by chance為固定搭配，意為“偶然”。答案by【典例9】 His efforts to raise money for his program were _ vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.解析句意：他為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目籌集資金的努力徒勞無功，因?yàn)闆]有人愿意從腰包里掏一分

18、錢。in vain意為“徒勞”，符合句意。答案in 7He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.解析句意：他是一個(gè)好學(xué)生，大多數(shù)學(xué)科的分?jǐn)?shù)在平均分之上。above表示“(數(shù)目、數(shù)量、水平、年齡)超過，多于”，符合句意。答案above8Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _ food safety problems.解析考查介詞。句意：有時(shí)候，解決食品安全問題的答案并不太難尋求。answer to表示“(問題)的答案”，是固定搭配。本句中的food saf

19、ety problems被從proper answers的后面移至現(xiàn)在的位置，從而加大了此題的解題難度。答案to 揭密常考的介詞成語(1)含有at的成語at a time一次at least至少at the same time同時(shí)at all costs不惜一切代價(jià)at most至多at times有時(shí)候at first最初at once立即at will任意地at last最后at present目前at work起作用(2)含有by的成語by accident偶然by day/night白天/夜間by heart能背誦by turns輪流by birth出身by no means

20、絕不by chance偶然by mistake錯(cuò)誤地by the way順便說一下by chance偶然by mistake錯(cuò)誤地by the way順便說一下(3)含有in的成語in a sense從某種意義上說in case假使in fact實(shí)際上in one's opinion在某人看來in other words換句話說in short總之in the long run從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看in advance事先in store必將發(fā)生in general一般說來in no time立刻in public公開地in vain徒勞in time及時(shí)in the meantime同時(shí)in d

21、anger處于危險(xiǎn)中in turn輪流in order井井有條in return作為回報(bào)in the end最后in all總共(4)含有on的成語on average平均on foot步行on sale在出售on the way在途中on business出差on holiday在休假on strike罷工on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)on duty值日on behalf of代表on the contrary相反on the spot當(dāng)場(chǎng)on fire著火on purpose故意地on the other hand另一方面(5)含有out of的成語out of breath氣喘吁吁out of da

22、te過時(shí)out of order發(fā)生故障out of patience失去耐心out of work失業(yè)out of control失去控制out of doors 在戶外out of question毫無疑問out of reach拿不到out of the question不可能out of danger脫險(xiǎn)out of fashion不合時(shí)尚out of luck倒霉out of shape變形out of touch失去聯(lián)系 并列連詞【典例10】 Find ways to praise your children often，_ you'll find they wi

23、ll open their hearts to you.(2011山東)解析句意：設(shè)法常常表揚(yáng)你的孩子，這樣你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們會(huì)向你敞開心扉。考查并列連詞。從句意連貫判斷應(yīng)用and表順承關(guān)系。答案and【典例11】 They wanted to charge $5，000 for the car，_we managed to bring the price down.解析兩個(gè)分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用并列連詞but。答案but【典例12】 In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise thei

24、r children.解析此處是對(duì)women和men的分工進(jìn)行對(duì)比，故用while，而不用but。答案while【典例13】 John plays basketball well，_ his favorite is badminton.解析yet是并列連詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。答案yet【典例14】 He found it increasingly difficult to read，_ his eyesight was beginning to fail.解析for在此引出表示原因的并列分句。答案for【典例15】 Stand over there _ you'll be able to se

25、e the oil painting better.解析此并列句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“祈使句and陳述句”。祈使句表示條件，and在此引出表示結(jié)果的并列分句。答案and 9Try to read stories in English and speak in English whenever you can，_ you will see more progress over time.解析這是一個(gè)“祈使句and陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)。后面的陳述句表達(dá)的是前面祈使句順承的結(jié)果，所以用and。答案and10I wonder how much you charge for your services.The f

26、irst two are free _ the third costs $30.解析while是并列連詞，表示對(duì)比，意為“而”。答案while11It is often said that the joy of traveling is _ in arriving at your destination _ in the journey itself.解析not.but.構(gòu)成固定句式，意為“不而”，but為并列連詞。答案not；but12I thought we'd be late for the concert，_ we ended up getting there ahead of

27、 time.解析兩個(gè)分句在意義上是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。答案but13You have failed two tests.You'd better start working harder，_you won't pass the course.解析考查“祈使句and/or陳述句”。因?yàn)槠硎咕渑c后面的陳述句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是對(duì)立的關(guān)系，故用or(否則)。答案or14Help others whenever you can_you will make the world a nicer place to live in.解析此并列句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“祈使句and陳述句”。and意為“那么”，引

28、出表示結(jié)果的并列分句。答案and 做并列連詞的when和while(1)when還可用作并列連詞，其意思為“這時(shí)，那時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：sb was doing sth when.sb was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth when.sb had just done sth when.如：We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我們正在開會(huì)，這時(shí)突然有人闖了進(jìn)來。We were about to set off

29、 when it suddenly began to rain.我們正打算動(dòng)身，這時(shí)突然下起了雨。(2)while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對(duì)比。如：He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.他喜歡流行音樂，而我喜歡民間音樂。 對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P15用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或連詞填空1Some people do as they please regardless _ what the result will be.解析結(jié)合上下文的意思可知應(yīng)選regardless of(不管)。答案of2She is _ a growing numbe

30、r of Chinese people who are finding it increasingly difficult to find the time to read each day.解析among表示是三者以上的人或物當(dāng)中的一員，相當(dāng)于one of。答案among3I know nothing about the young lady _ she has just come back from Great Britain and got a doctor's degree.解析except that后接從句。答案except that4Guangdong lies _ the

31、 south of China and Fujian is _ the east of Guangdong.Hainan is _ the coast of the mainland.解析表示位置關(guān)系的幾個(gè)介詞中，in指位于某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)，on指與接壤，to指位于某個(gè)范圍之外，off指在離有一定距離的海上。答案in；on；off5Our company has arranged me to go on a business trip to Shenzhen next week，but I will drop in on my friend in Guangzhou first.In other

32、words，I will go to Shenzhen _ way of Guangzhou.解析by way of意為“經(jīng)由，取道”。第二句意思：我將取道廣州去深圳。答案by6In Hangzhou，Mr.Black was so struck _ the beauty of nature that he stayed _ another night.解析介詞by后接動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。stay for another night意為“再住一晚”。答案by；for7Wuhan and Chongqing are among the most important cities in China _ terms of their size and population.解析in terms of意為“就而言”。句意：就規(guī)模和人口數(shù)而言，武漢和重慶在中國都算舉足輕重的城市。答案in8His bestknown paint