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1、初中數學、數學試卷、初中數學試題、數學學案、數學初中教案、初中數學練習題、數學課件、期末考試數學、數學知識難點分析專題五攻克滿分障礙點高考是選拔性的考試,每個題型總有那么23道小題成為考生成績優劣的分水嶺。無論是在語法填空還是短文改錯中,復合句的考查點都是考生失分最嚴重的,究其原因:一是句意讀不懂,二是句式辨不清。本專題針對易混的七組復合句逐一辨清,讓考生攻下拉 分小題取滿分。重點清障精準補弱易混點(一)定語從句和并列句1. She has many novels, some ofare interesting.分析 which which引導定語從句, 修飾先行詞 novels, some

2、of which"在從句中作 主語。2. She has many novels, and some ofare interesting.分析them 此句為and引導的并列句。總結定語從句與并列句的主要區別:句中若有and, but, so等并列連詞或分號則為并列句,此時不需要再填引導詞。易混點(二)定語從句和狀語從句1. We young people should go to the placeis in need of help.分析which/that關系代詞 which/ that引導定語從句,修飾先行詞the place",且在從句中作主語。2. We you

3、ng people should gowe re most needed.分析where where引導地點狀語從句,修飾主句謂語動詞go。總結定語從句與地點狀語從句的主要區別:定語從句有表示地點的先行詞,而地點狀語從 句則沒有;定語從句修飾的是先行詞,狀語從句修飾的是謂語動詞。3. I will always remember the days I lived with my grandparents in thecountryside.分析when when引導定語從句,修飾先行詞the days",且在從句中作狀語。4. I always remember the days i

4、n the countryside I see the photo of mygrandparents. 分析 when when 引導時間狀語從句,修飾謂語動詞 remember 。總結 定語從句與時間狀語從句的主要區別:定語從句有表示時間的先行詞,而時間狀語從 句則沒有;定語從句修飾先行詞,狀語從句修飾謂語動詞。5 This is such an interesting work of art all of us like.分析as such . as引導定語從句,as在定語從句中作like的賓語。6This is such interesting work of art all of u

5、s like it.分析 that such . that 引導結果狀語從句。總結定語從句與結果狀語從句的主要區別:the same . as與such . as引導定語從句,as在從句中充當一定的成分; such/so . that .引導結果狀語從句,that 在從句中不作成分。易混點 (三 ) 定語從句和名詞性從句1 is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.分析 As as 引導非限制性定語從句,修飾后面這句話的內容。2 is known to everybody that the

6、moon travels round the earth once everymonth.分析It it作形式主語,真正的主語是that引導的從句。3 is known to everybody is that moon travels round the earth once everymonth.分析 What what 在此引導主語從句, 在從句中充當主語, 而后面 that 引導的從句 則是表語從句。4 has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.分析 Whoever whoever在此引導主語從句。5Anyone ha

7、s helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.分析 who who 在此引導定語從句并在從句中作主語。總結 定語從句與主語從句的區別:定語從句是形容詞性從句,其作用相當于一個形容詞, 在整個句子中作定語, 用來修飾前面的名詞或代詞; 而主語從句, 其作用相當于一個名詞, 在整個句子中作主語。6The mother made a promise pleased all her children.分析 that/which that/ which 引導定語從句并在從句中作主語。7 The mother made a promise she

8、 would buy new toys. 分析 that that 引導同位語從句。總結定語從句與同位語從句的區別: 定語從句是形容詞性從句, 其作用相當于一個形容詞, 用來修飾前面的名詞或代詞;同位語從句是名詞性從句,其作用相當于一個名詞,對前面 的名詞作進一步解釋,同位語從句一般都與抽象名詞同位。定語從句的引導詞 that 在從句 中充當一定的成分,可作主語、賓語、表語等,作賓語時可以省略;而同位語從句的引導 詞 that 在從句中只起連接作用,不作任何句子成分,且不能省略。8 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to the place

9、 is the center of thetown. 分析 which which 引導定語從句并在從句中作主語。9 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live. 分析 where where 引導賓語從句。10 Our teacher did all he could to help us. 分析 that that 引導定語從句并在從句中作賓語。11 Our teacher did he could to help us. 分析 what what 引導賓語從句。12 I will help those are in need

10、 of help. 分析 who who 引導定語從句,并在從句中作主語。13 I will help is in need of help. 分析 whoever whoever 引導賓語從句。總結 定語從句與賓語從句的區別:定語從句一般有先行詞,從句是用來說明、描述先行詞 的,先行詞用關系代詞代替,在從句中充當成分 ( 注意是在從句中作成分,如作賓語、主語 等) ;而賓語從句則是整個從句在主句中作賓語,賓語從句就是主句的賓語,簡單地說,動 詞、介詞后面的從句基本上是賓語從句。14 She was not she used to be. 分析 what what 引導表語從句。15 She

11、was not the woman she used to be. 分析 that that 引導定語從句并在從句中作表語。總結定語從句與表語從句的區別:表語從句是系動詞后的句子;而定語從句是跟在一個名 詞后或句子后,對名詞或句子起修飾或補充說明的作用。易混點 (四 ) 定語從句與固定句型1 It was the time Chinese people had a hard life. 分析 when when 引導定語從句并在從句中作狀語。2 It is the first time she has been in Shanghai. 分析 that It is the first /sec

12、ond/ third . time that . 是固定句型。易混點 (五 ) 狀語從句與并列句1 you take this medicine, you will be all right. 分析 If 此處為條件狀語從句。2 Take this medicine, you will be all right. 分析 and 連接兩個并列句。易混點 (六 ) 狀語從句和名詞性從句1I' ll try my best to help him, no matter turns to me for help. 分析 who no matter who 引導讓步狀語從句。2 I will t

13、ry my best to help is in need of help. 分析 whoever whoever 引導后面的賓語從句。3 turns to me for help is welcome. 分析 Whoever Whoever 引導主語從句,并在從句中作主語。易混點 (七 ) 狀語從句和獨立主格結構1 Time (permit), we ' ll go camping. 分析 permitting 本句使用的是獨立主格結構,其結構為:名詞分詞。2 time permits, we' ll go camping。 分析 If 此處為條件狀語從句。真題集訓全握題點I

14、. 單句語法填空1. (2017 全國卷 I )Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both , isnot good for the health.解析: which 此處 which 引導非限制性定語從句, which 在從句中作主語, 指代前面 主句的內容。2. (2017 浙江高考)Pahlsson screamedloudly that her daughter came runningfrom the house.解析:so分析句子結構可知,此處為so . that句式,表示“如此” 以至于”, so 在此處修飾副詞

15、loudly。3. (2017 浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got sweptinto a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden , it remained untilthe carrot' s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生長) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.解析: where 根據句子結構可知, 此處為非限制性定語從句

16、, 先行詞為 “the garden”, 在從句中作地點狀語,故要用關系副詞 where 引導。4. (2016 全國卷 I )But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV showin the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a specialunit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析: when 先行詞是表示時間的“the mid-1980s”

17、 ,且從句中缺少時間狀語,故填關系副詞 when。5. (2016 全國卷川)Over time ,the population grew, people began cutting foodinto small pieces so it would cook more quickly.解析: as/when句意:慢慢地,隨著人口的增加(或:當人口增加時 ) ,為了使食物熟得更快,人們開始把食物切成小塊。根據句意可知,as/ when 引導時間狀語從句。6. (2016 全國卷川)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confuciu

18、s, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C., influenced the development of chopsticks.解析: who 分析句子結構可知,此句是非限制性定語從句,先行詞指人,且空格處在 從句中作主語,故填 who。7. (2015 全國卷 I )1' d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking thelimestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artist

19、s inso many Chinese paintings.解析: that/which 根據語境和句子結構可知,此句是一個定語從句,先行詞指物, 關系詞在從句中作主語,因此答案為 that/ which。8. (2015 全國卷 n )As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.解析: how 分析句子結構可知,此處是一個賓語從句。空格后的 thick 為形容詞,因 此空格

20、處應用副詞,故填how。9. (2015 廣東高考 )When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetablesand cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly.解析: where 根據句子結構可以判斷,在這里應填關系詞來引導一個定語從句,修飾 表地點的先行詞 “the market ”,且從句中缺少地點狀語,故填關系副詞where。10. (2014 遼寧高考)Unbelievable! Oh . ,you don' t mind, I&#

21、39; II stop and take adeep breath.解析: if 第二句句意:噢 , 如果你不介意,我要停下來做一下深呼吸。根據句意可 知,應填 if 引導條件狀語從句。11. (2014 廣東高考)1 didn' t understand this would happen and my creditcard had already been charged for the reservation.解析: why 根據語境可知, “ 我”不知道 /不明白為什么會發生這樣的事情。不明白 的一定是原因,故用 why 引導。n .單句改錯1. (2017 全國卷 I )1

22、was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.解析:去掉much 此處是so .that句型,表示"如此” 以至于”。so修飾后面的形容詞nervous,所以much在此處是多余的。2. (2017 全國卷n )In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.解析:thattwhich which可以引導

23、非限制性定語從句, that不可以。3. (2017 全國卷川)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.解析: theytthat/which 分析句子結構可知, things 作其后定語從句的先行詞,并在 從句中作主語,故關系代詞為 that 或 which。4. (2016 四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom ' s favor

24、ite.解析: whatt that/which 或去掉 what 分析句子結構可知, dishes 后跟的是定語從 句,what不能引導定語從句,應用that/ which引導。引導詞在定語從句中作cooked的賓語,可以省略,因此也可以把what去掉。5. (2015 全國卷 n )After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.解析: wheretthat 或去掉 where 這是一個賓語從句,不缺少成分且句意完整,所以 不能用where,應該用that引導賓語從句,that也

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