1、英語名詞性從句英語名詞性從句noun clausereview: 英語句子的種類有兩種，按句子的英語句子的種類有兩種，按句子的用途用途可分為陳述、疑問、祈使和感嘆句四種。可分為陳述、疑問、祈使和感嘆句四種。而按句子的而按句子的結構結構可分三種：可分三種： 簡單句簡單句并列句并列句3) 復合句復合句主語主語+謂語謂語主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語表語主語主語+謂語謂語+間賓間賓+直賓直賓主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語+賓補賓補簡單句簡單句+并列連詞并列連詞+簡單句簡單句主句主句+引導詞引導詞+從句從句1.he often reads english in the morn

2、ing.2.you help him and he helps you.3.my suggestion is that we should study step by step.4.both tom and mike are american boys.5.he said that he has known all before.請判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：請判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：簡單句簡單句并列句并列句復合句復合句簡單句簡單句復合句復合句復合句復合句定語從句定語從句名詞性從句名詞性從句狀語從句狀語從句復合句：主句復合句：主句+引導詞引導詞+從句從句起名詞性作用

3、的從句，叫名詞性從句。起名詞性作用的從句，叫名詞性從句。換言之，在英語的句子結構中，本來該由名詞充當的換言之，在英語的句子結構中，本來該由名詞充當的主語、賓語、表語和同位語部分，換由一個句子來充主語、賓語、表語和同位語部分，換由一個句子來充當，這樣的句子就是名詞性從句。當，這樣的句子就是名詞性從句。請思考請思考定語從句定語從句的定義：的定義：起定語作用，用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句。起定語作用，用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句。名詞性從句名詞性從句定義定義related conception (相關概念相關概念)1.名詞名詞: 表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子作什

4、么成分名詞在句子作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語主語、賓語、表語和同位語。the boy is li ming.主語表語miss. liang , a 24-year-old girl, teaches us english .主語同位語 賓語 1. the boy is li ming. 2. what he said is correct. . (名詞作主語名詞作主語)（從句作主語從句作主語） 1. 在句中充當主語的從句叫做在句中充當主語的從句叫做主語從句主語從句。用用it作形式主語的主語從句作形式主語的主語從句如果主語從句太長，為了避免句子結構頭重腳輕

5、，可以用如果主語從句太長，為了避免句子結構頭重腳輕，可以用it作作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句謂語部分之后。形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句謂語部分之后。it is a pity that you didnt go to see the film yesterday.it is reported that china has sent another man-made satellite into orbit.it doset matter whether he is wrong or not. 3. we love peace. 4. he said that he has known al

6、l before. (名詞作賓語名詞作賓語)(從句作賓語從句作賓語)2. 在句中在句中充當充當及物動詞或介詞或及物動詞或介詞或be+adj.后賓后賓語的語的從句從句叫做叫做賓語從句。賓語從句。we always mean what we say.我們向來說話算數。he goes to the library every day except when it is raining.he is confident that he will win.作動詞的賓語作動詞的賓語作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語作形容詞的賓語作形容詞的賓語某些表示心理狀態的形容詞在句中作表語時，某些表示心理狀態的形容詞在句中作表語

7、時，后面可跟賓語從句。后面可跟賓語從句。it 作形式賓語作形式賓語it 不僅可以作形式主語，還可以作形式賓語，而把作真正不僅可以作形式主語，還可以作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的賓語的that從句放在句尾，特別是用在帶復合賓語的句子從句放在句尾，特別是用在帶復合賓語的句子中。中。i think it quite clear that he preferred coffee to tea.i think it best that you should seek for a solution to the problem.在口語或非正式文體中，引導賓語從句的連詞在口語或非正式文體中，引導賓語從句的連詞

8、that 常可省常可省略。但形式賓語略。但形式賓語it后面的后面的that 不能省略。不能省略。 5. you are a student. 6. the fact is that she never knew the secret. (名詞作表語名詞作表語)(從句作表語從句作表語)3. 在句中充當表語的從句在句中充當表語的從句(即放在即放在be動詞后面動詞后面)叫做叫做表語從句表語從句。注意：注意：the reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital.其他從屬連詞引導的表語從句其他從屬連詞引導的表語從句because ,as,a

9、s if,as though等也可用來引導表語從句。等也可用來引導表語從句。things are not as they seem to be.事情并不是像它們表面上看起來那樣。i think it is because you are too serious.he felt as though he had gone back to 20 years ago. 7.miss. liang , a 24-year-old girl, teaches us english .8.the news that our team had won made us happy. (名詞作同位語名詞作同位語

10、)(從句作同位語從句作同位語) 4. 在句中用作同位語的從句叫做在句中用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句同位語從句.其用途是對前面的名詞作進一步解釋，說明其用途是對前面的名詞作進一步解釋，說明該名詞的具體內容。可以跟同位語從句的名詞該名詞的具體內容。可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常是通常是news,idea,fact,word,hope,advice等。等。在英語的句子結構中在英語的句子結構中，如果本該由名詞充當的主語、如果本該由名詞充當的主語、賓語、表語和同位語，賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充當由一個句子來充當，那么這，那么這個句子就叫個句子就叫_。主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句

11、同位語從句同位語從句名詞性從句名詞性從句名詞性從句名詞性從句請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句： what i want to do is to go shopping.2. the news that they won the game spread the whole school.3. i dont think that he is an honest boy.4. the fact is that he stole the car.判斷從句的方法：判斷從句的方法：一一 找引導詞劃從句找引導詞劃從句二二 找謂語動詞找謂語動詞三三 看從句在主句的位置看從句在主句的

12、位置_( (主語從句主語從句) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )( (賓語從句賓語從句) )( (表語從句表語從句) )5. the problem is what we should do next.6. the news that he couldnt come makes us upset.7. our purpose is that he can realize his faults.8. do you know the fact that he stole the car?請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句( (表語從句表語從句) )( (同位語從句同位語

13、從句) )( (表語從句表語從句) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )試區分以下句子試區分以下句子do you know the fact that he stole the car?do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1. 1. 定語從句，從句是不完整的，定語從句，從句是不完整的，關系關系詞充當成分詞充當成分；而同位語從句中的；而同位語從句中的thatthat只起連接只起連接作用。作用。 2. 2. 定語從句是對先行詞起定語從句是對先行詞起修飾修飾作用，作用，而同位語從句則而同位語從句則解釋說明解釋說明先行詞的先行詞

14、的具體內容具體內容。( (同從同從) )( (定從定從) )一、一、同位語從句與定語從句的相似之處同位語從句與定語從句的相似之處1. 都跟在名詞后；都跟在名詞后；2. 都可以翻譯成都可以翻譯成 “的的” the news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 我們隊取得決賽勝利我們隊取得決賽勝利的的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。the news that you told us is really encouraging.你告訴我們你告訴我們的的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。（同位語從句）（同位語從句）（定語從句）（定語

15、從句）二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處1 1、含義不同：同位語從句是對前面名詞的解釋說明，、含義不同：同位語從句是對前面名詞的解釋說明，知道具體內容知道具體內容，指，指同一件事同一件事（可以劃等號）；定語從（可以劃等號）；定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的名詞，句用來修飾、限定前面的名詞，不知道具體內容不知道具體內容。 e.g. the news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說明（從句說明“消息消息”的內容：的內容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。我們隊取得了決賽勝利。）the news

16、that you told us is really encouraging.（從句對（從句對“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是你告訴我們的你告訴我們的，而非而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內容卻不得而知。）來自其他渠道。但消息是何內容卻不得而知。）二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處2 2、引導詞、引導詞 區別區別：同位語從句中，：同位語從句中，that：無成分，用于：無成分，用于肯定句；肯定句；定語從句的定語從句的that是關系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句是關系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當成分。中充當成分。e.g. dad made a promise

17、that he would buy me cd player if i passed the english test. 2) dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代指代promise，又在從句中充當主語。），又在從句中充當主語。）（that 不充當任何成分）不充當任何成分）i. tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences說出下列從句的功能：說出下列從句的功能：a: appositive（同位（同位語）語）; b: attributive（定語

18、）（定語） his proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable. many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.the first request that he made was to ask for freedom.4. do you have any idea where we will be sent?5. is this the company where your father works?6. this is

19、the reason that he gave for his absence. 7. he made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.bbb連接副詞（連接副詞（4個）：個）：when、 why、where、 how引導詞引導詞從屬連詞（從屬連詞（3個）：個）：that 、if、 whether連接代詞連接代詞 （9個）：個）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、名詞性從句引導詞的用法（名詞性從句引導詞的用法（1）：）：從句中的每一個

20、引導詞都有從句中的每一個引導詞都有3個功能個功能，分別如下，分別如下:從屬連詞從屬連詞“that”-無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用“if”- “是否是否”、不作成份、起連接作用、不作成份、起連接作用“whether”-“是否是否”、不作成份、起連接作、不作成份、起連接作用用1、that we will realize our dreams in the future is certain .2、the fact is that beijing will hold 29th olympic games this year.3、i know that well begun

21、 is half done . 4、he heard the news that liuxiang set a new world record . “that”-無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）（同位語從句）（同位語從句）1、whether she will come back on time depends on weather . 2、the problem is whether you could give us some valuable advice . 3、i asked him wh

22、ether he could do me a favor .4、could you tell me the question whether english is useful for us now. “whether”-“是否是否”、不作成份、起連接作用、不作成份、起連接作用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）（同位語從句）（同位語從句）if 只能引導兩種名詞性從句：賓語從句、不放于句首只能引導兩種名詞性從句：賓語從句、不放于句首的主語從句。的主語從句。whether四種從句均可以引導。四種從句均可以引導。if與與whether的區別：的區別：1、whet

23、her she will come back on time depends on weather . 2、i asked him whether he could do me a favor .請思考：請思考：1、it depends on weather if she will come back on time . 2、i asked him if he could do me a favor .1、if 只能引導兩種名詞性從句：賓語從句、不放于只能引導兩種名詞性從句：賓語從句、不放于句首的主語從句。句首的主語從句。whether四種從句均可以引導。四種從句均可以引導。2、whether

24、可以引導從句作介詞的賓語，不用可以引導從句作介詞的賓語，不用if 。3、whether or not 連在一起可以，但連在一起可以，但if不可以。而不可以。而“whether-or not = if -or not”if與與whether的區別：的區別：1、i asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. were worried about _ he is safe.4. i dont know _ he is well or not

25、.5. i dont know _ or not he is well.6. the question is _ he should do it.7.the doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether請用請用if / whether填空：填空：whether連接代詞連接代詞名詞性從句引導詞的用法（名詞性從句引導詞的用法（2）：）：“who”-“誰誰”、作主語、起連接作用、作主語、起連接作用“whom”-“

26、誰誰”、作賓語、起連接作用、作賓語、起連接作用“what”-“事情事情”、作主表賓、起連接作用、作主表賓、起連接作用“whose”-“誰的誰的”、作定語、起連接作用、作定語、起連接作用“which”-“哪哪-”、作定語、起連接作用、作定語、起連接作用“who”-“誰誰”、作主語、起連接作用、作主語、起連接作用1、who will go to the college is still uncertain . 2、the trouble is who could lend me some money .3、he want to know who picked up his mobile phone

27、 .（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、whom you will learn from is worth thinking over . 2、the thing i am anxious about is whom he will turn to for help .3、his mother asked him whom he could believe in .“whom”-“誰誰”、作賓語、起連接作用、作賓語、起連接作用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、what i desire to get is a g

28、ood reputation . 2、what he will tell me is what i have been expecting to know .3、they agree with what i said just now . “what”-“事情事情”、作主表賓語、起連接作用、作主表賓語、起連接作用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、which class is suitable for us isnt most important . 2、what he wants to ask you now is which team won the

29、 game . 3、could you tell me which one is right . “which”-“哪哪-”、作定語、起連接作用、作定語、起連接作用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、whose bag was the most beautiful is still unknown now . 2、the question is whose friends could lend me a hand .3、i want to know whose suggestion is more practical . “whose”-“誰的誰的”、作

30、定語、起連接作、作定語、起連接作用用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）名詞性從句引導詞的用法（名詞性從句引導詞的用法（3）：）：連接代詞連接代詞“whomever”- “-的任何人的任何人”、作賓語、作賓語、“whoever”- “-的任何人的任何人”、作主語、作主語、“whatever”- “-的任何東西的任何東西”、作主表賓語、作主表賓語、“whichever”- “無論哪個或哪些無論哪個或哪些-”、作定語、作定語、“whoever”- “-的任何人的任何人”、作主語、起連接作用、作主語、起連接作用1、whoever could solve the p

31、roblem will be rewarded . 2、the person i will praise is whoever could work out the question .3、you should appreciate whoever helped you in the past . （主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）“whomever”- “-的任何人的任何人”、作賓語、起連接作用、作賓語、起連接作用1、whomever you will meet in the meeting is excellent . 2、the person i c

32、ould depend on is whomever you believe in . 3、you should learn from whomever i praised yesterday . （主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、whatever you did in the past was very meaningful . 2、what we should do is whatever is worth doing .3、we should do whatever is worth doing . “whatever”- “-的任何東西的任何東

33、西”、作主表賓語、作主表賓語、（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）“whichever”- “-的哪些或哪個的哪些或哪個”、作定語、作定語1、whichever team win the game is possible . 2、the fact is whichever teacher could help you learn english well . 3、you could choose whichever book you want . （主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）名詞性從句引導詞的用法（名詞性從句引導詞

34、的用法（4）：）：連接副詞連接副詞“why”- “為什么為什么”、作狀語、起連接作用、作狀語、起連接作用“how”- “如何如何”、作狀語、起連接作用、作狀語、起連接作用“where”- “什么地方什么地方”、作狀語、起連接作用、作狀語、起連接作用“when”- “什么時候什么時候”、作狀語、起連接作用、作狀語、起連接作用“when”- “什么時候什么時候”、作狀語、起連接作、作狀語、起連接作用用1、when the meeting will begin isnt decided now . 2、the trouble is when he could recover from the dis

35、ease .3、he asked us when we would graduate from the school .（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）“where”- “什么地方什么地方”、作狀語、起連接作用、作狀語、起連接作用1、where i could buy the book is uncertain now .2、his question was where we would hold the opening ceremony .3、i couldnt tell you where they have been living .（主語從句）（

36、主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、why he killed himself is still a secret now .2、what surprised me was why they failed again . 3、i just want to ask you why i was fired . “why”- “為什么為什么”、作狀語、起連接作用、作狀語、起連接作用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、how the thief stole the bike is still a mystery .2、what the

37、professor asked us was how we could make our parents happy . 3、i will go to ask my teacher how i could work out the problem .“how”- “如何如何”、作狀語、起連接作、作狀語、起連接作用用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）用用that / what填空：填空：1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.the result is _ we won th

38、e game.4.this is _ we want to know.5.is _ he told us true ?6.we should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. i have no doubt _ he will come.8. i have no idea _ he did that afternoon.whatthatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. a. that b. why c. what d

39、. how 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . a. if b. whether c .that d. where 3._ is known to us all is that america is a developed country_the first world.a. which; belong to b. as, belonged to c. what; belonging to d. it; belonging to名詞性從句練習名詞性從句練習50題：題：4. its known to us all _ a f

40、orm of energy .a. water is b. that water is c. is water d. that water to 5. it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. a that b. while c. what d. when6.what i say and think _ none of your business. a. is b. are c. has d have7. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been

41、admitted to key universities . a. what / because b . what / that c .that / what d. that / because8._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . a .what / why b .that / what c .what / because d. why / that 9. he is absent from school . it is _ he was punishe

42、d! a. why b. because c. that d. the reason10. _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . a. who b. the one c . anyone d. whoever 11. information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . a .that b. how c. where d. what 12. _ is no possibi

43、lity _ bob can win the first prize in the match. a. there, that b. it, that c. there, whether d. it, which 13. i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week . - is that _you had a few days off ? a. why b. when c. what d. where 14. are you still thinking about yesterdays game ?- oh ,thats _. a. what m

44、akes me feel excited b. whatever i feel excited about c. how i feel about it d. when i feel excited 15._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . a. what b. that c. this d. which 16. when you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember t

45、he golden rule :always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . a. what b. which c. when d. that 17. we made the suggestion that he _ his work . a. continues b. continue c. continued d. had continued 18.there will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.a. who b. whom c. whoever d. who

46、mever19. mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game . why b. what c. who d. that (05)20.the poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05) a. whichever b. however c. whatever d.whenever21.many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut. and he

47、b. was that he c . which he d . that he 22._ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun. which b. how c. what d. that 23.it is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever 24. can you make sure _ the gold rings?a.

48、 where she has put b. where had she put c. where she had put d. where has she put25.the reason that he has been succeeding _ he never gives up. a. is b. is because c. is that d. is what26. _ breaks the law should be punished. a. whoever b. no matter who c. anyone. d. who 27. that is _ i had to take

49、the risk of being washed away. a. why b. reason why c. how d. what28. do _ you think is right ,_ difficulties you may have. a. what ;however b. that ;whatever c. whatever ; whoever d. what; whatever29.the workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise. a. whether b. how c

50、. where d. which 30. along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming christmas.a. which b. that c. what d. whether31. you are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ i disagree.a. why b. where c. what d. how32. difficulty lies _ we have no money. a. that b. in that

51、c. in the fact d. in the fact that33. i dont think the question of _ they are old or young is important. a. which b. whether c. how d. why34. it makes no difference _ you will go today or tomorrow.a. if b. whether c. that d. what 35. _ should be sent to work there?a. who do you suggest b. who do you suggest that shouldc. do you suggest who should d. do you suggest whom should36. the news _ lincoln was murdered filled the american peoples hearts with deep sorrow. a. which b. when c. tha