1、l Enhancing your academic languageMatch the words with their definitions.5 c 10 d 1 b 2 i3 e4 f6 h7 g8 a9 j Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.1 (基因上地) engineering2 advantages (比重要) disadvantages gre

2、atly3 (基礎設施) construction4 (統計) analysis5 will soon (解決) all the difficulties6 (金融的) institution7 (嚴格的) discipline8 (點燃) the flames of revolution9 be in (合作) with your partner10 a(n) (絕望的) cry for help11 (改變) the bad habitgeneticallyoutweighinfrastructurestatisticsresolvefinancialrigoroussparkcollab

3、orationdesperatealterUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.12 resources of (可耕種的) land13 (緩和) criticism with reason14 (游說以爭取) for the funds15 He is at the (領先地位).16 a(n) (一系列) of information17 be (缺乏的)

4、in nutrition18 be (限制) to adults19 (沒有根據的) suspicions20 Coal can be (使轉變) to gas.21 a(n) (毀滅性的) hurricane22 (主要的) exports of this country23 (轉變) dream into realitycultivabletemperlobbyleading-edgearraydeficientrestrictedunfoundedconverteddevastatingstapletransformUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Defi

5、nition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic languageComplete the paragraph.True, GM foods are (已成為我們生活的一部分), and farmers (迫切地想要) use the biotechnology as (能提高稻谷產量), yet we need a deep philosophical discussion of its implication. We still remember that when pesticides were first introduced, they also

6、 were praised as absolutely safe and as a miracle cure for farmers. (盡管這么多保證), decades later the technology revealed its truer lethal implications. Hence, any technology (應該進行嚴格的測試) before its wide application. already very much a part of our liveshave a strong incentive toit can raise overall crop

7、productivityBut for all that promisesubjected to rigorous testingshould beUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic language1 特別是在有悠久的農業生產傳統和主張環保的游說集團的國家里，轉基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。2 在富裕的國家里，由于有大量豐富的食品可供選擇，而且供應遠遠超過需求，所以關于生物技術的爭論相對緩和一些。3 生物技術專家已經培育出了含有-胡蘿卜素身體可將之轉化為維生素A和更多鐵元

8、素的轉基因水稻，目前正在研究培育其他一些增進營養成分的農作物。Translate the following sentences from Text 15 into Chinese.Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic languageTranslate the following sentences from Text 15 into Chinese.4 轉基因的抗病毒作物可以減少這種損失，就像抗干旱種子在耕地面積因缺水而受到限制的地區起到的作用一樣。5 尤其在運輸基礎設

9、施落后的國家，地理條件對食物供給的限制正如遺傳學為食物供給帶來的希望一樣大。Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic languageMatch the words with their definitions.5 i 10 d 1 f 2 c3 e4 a6 h7 g8 j9 b Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic languageComplete the

10、 following expressions or sentences.1 Fog (限制) visibility.2 The sun rises from the (水平的) line.3 Early detection of cancers is (重要地) important.4 put a coin into the (插入) slot5 failed to (獲得) a scholarship6 the (功能) of an adjective7 The magician (改變) the frog into a princess.8 the official (文件) concer

11、ning the sale of this land9 the determinate (因素) of our economy10 make a thorough (調查) into the affairrestrictshorizontalvitallyinsertionobtainfunctiontransformeddocumentsfactorinvestigationUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following

12、 expressions or sentences.11 (堅持) in ones efforts12 The artwork was a (構成物) of wire and tubes.13 working out a payment (方案)14 Falling rates of child (死亡率) are also significant.15 eat a small (部分) of food16 A (殘留物) of the shampoo can build up on the hair.17 (承擔) a project with significance18 be compl

13、ained of (性別的) harassment19 have difficulty in becoming (懷孕的)persistconstructschememortalityportionresidueundertakesexualpregnantUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definition20 The demonstrators (分配) leaflets to passers-by.21 the old salary paled in (相比) with the offer22 (組織學) involves look

14、ing at cells under a microscope.23 I (假定) that an agreement will eventually be reached.24 A(n) (積累) of data will be processed.25 Smoking is (有害的) to health.26 All (途徑) to the city were blocked.27 lose the (最佳的) time to defeat the enemy28 a system used to (分配) a scarce commodityl Enhancing your acade

15、mic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.distributedcomparisonHistologypresumeaccumulationdetrimentalapproachesoptimalallocateUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 DefinitionAccording to our literature review, (早已得到證實) that there are diverse relationships between early life

16、factors and adult health. (以前一些論文認為) that these relationships span a range of health outcomes which, in some instances, manifest several decades later. (論文假定) health outcomes of early biological insults could depend on the subsequent social and biological environment. Our studies prove that adult di

17、sease will be more fully understood when account is taken of the combined effects of social and biological risk occurring at different life stages, (正如圖表五所顯示的).l Enhancing your academic languageComplete the paragraph.it has been well establishedIt was thought in several previous papersIt was suppose

18、d thatas is evident from Table 5Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic language1 風險評估文件中提到，被轉變植物中的轉基因成分與植物中所含的其它基因材料都在人和動物的消化道中一并被摧毀。2 因此，我們決定進行一項研究來探尋雌性鼠的主要飲食為美聯儲大豆（一種轉基因食品）的情況下，最常見的轉基因作物對大鼠幼崽生育率、死亡率和體重增加的影響。3 眾所周知，生大豆含有大量的抗營養素如凝集素，胰蛋白酶抑制劑（普茲泰等人, 1998），以及女性激

19、素類物質，因此，有必要將沒有補充大豆粉控制對照組的動物與這些數據進行對照研究。Translate the following sentences from Text 16 into Chinese.Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic languageTranslate the following sentences from Text 16 into Chinese.4 更令人吃驚的是，由于幼崽更小，約一半大小，因此會有更多奶提供給單個的幼崽。5 然而，沒有觀測到雌性大鼠

20、的死亡率，也沒有觀察到存活的幼崽的死亡率，盡管它們也開始吃轉基因大豆，可以推測，（轉基因大豆的）負面影響可能被前面的兩個因素中和了。Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic languageMatch the words with their definitions.5 a 10 h 1 c 2 f3 i4 g6 b7 d8 j9 e Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definition1 (嚴厲的) safety mea

21、sures2 (操作) the lights to get the desirable effect3 (辨別) between right and wrong4 (促使) her to renew her insurance5 (進步) in ones career6 The (方案) no longer seems unrealistic.7 (推論) a conclusion from facts8 close (繁殖)9 a(n) (相反的) decisionl Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following express

22、ions or sentences.stringentmanipulatedistinguishpromptadvancescenarioderivebreedingadverseUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.10 illness (導致) by overwork11 (引起) ones interest12 a great (多樣的) of method

23、s13 (保持) appearance of youth14 (共識) politics15 (轉移) of wealth from taxpayers to savers16 social (穩定)17 make a few (改變) to the house18 (合并) of the organizationinducedprovokediversityretainconsensustransferstabilityalterationsincorporationUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definition19 a(n) (

24、關鍵的) point in the campaign20 a somewhat haphazard and (斷斷續續的) schooling21 the (取代) of conventional weapons by nuclear weapons22 (修改) a thesis23 loss (估計)24 a TV program (著重反映) the unemployment probleml Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.criticaldiscontinu

25、ousreplacementreviseassessmenthighlightingUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definition (有證據表明) the benefits of cloning are limitless. (提供了一種可能) able to create human organs in order to replace faulty ones. (還確保這樣一種可能) stem cells that could be used to cure terminal illnesses, cancer, and sev

26、eral other physical anomalies. (盡管這個技術有很多潛在優點), (但出現一些深深的擔憂，涉及到) medical and ethical problems. l Enhancing your academic languageComplete the paragraph.There is evidence thatIt offers a possibility of beingcreatingpotential benefits of this technologyserious concerns have been raised concerning both

27、It also ensure a probability ofDespiteUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definition(To be continued)l Enhancing your academic languageComplete the paragraph. (主要的擔憂是) the frightening possibilities of the creation of “super-humans” with unnatural physical and mental capabilities and idealize

28、d “perfect children” for prospective parents. Hence, (我們要謹慎發展) in the future, assessing cloning (在把其運用到實踐中之前，考慮其優點和危險性).The main concerns areon the basis of its merits and risks prior to applying it into practical useproceed cautiouslyUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 Definitionwe need tol

29、 Enhancing your academic language1 詳細的實驗結果表明：巴西堅果中2S蛋白是巴西堅果的主要過敏原；轉基因大豆中的最新顯露的蛋白保持了其過敏性，因此，可能促使對巴西堅果過敏的病人發生臨床反應。2 第二個問題是：由于不清楚為什么有的蛋白過敏，而有的不會，因此更難預測新的轉基因是否表達新的過敏原、是否導致再次過敏。3 但是也存在明顯的例外，特別是關于水果過敏原，缺乏這些特征就不能大膽地預測蛋白不引發過敏。Translate the following sentences from Text 17 into Chinese.Unit 5Writing an Acade

30、micEssay1 Definition1 Definitionl Enhancing your academic languageTranslate the following sentences from Text 17 into Chinese.4 不能根據氨基酸序列同源性來預測交叉反應性通常是因為折疊蛋白中出現了不連續（非線性）氨基酸序列組成的構象型抗原。5 有一致的報道建議：對食物的逐級評價應考慮基因的來源、與已知過敏原進行的氨基酸序列對比、免疫學分析（體外和體內的）以及基因產物的物理化學性質。Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay1 Definition1 D

31、efinitionl Enhancing your academic languageMatch the words with their definitions.5 e 10 f 1 j 2 h3 b4 c6 i7 a8 g9 d Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay4 Writing the body of the 4 Writing the body of the secondary research essaysecondary research essay1 a child born with some (不正常)2 the attraction betwee

32、n an (抗原) and an antibody3 different (種類) of books in a library4 The shares are (當前) being quoted at 54 pence a share.5 a police with mental (敏銳)6 a(n) (長期的) unemployment problem7 He always wants to be the (焦點) of attention.8 get a new job and a new set of work (聯系，關系)9 Cigarettes can aggravate the

33、(癥狀) of a cold.10 That family is a (世襲的) ruler.l Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.abnormalityantigencategoriescurrentlyacuitychronicfocusassociationssymptomhereditaryUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay4 Writing the body of the 4 Writing the body of the secon

34、dary research essaysecondary research essay11 The present international situation (保持) tense.12 There are many serious health hazards (聯系) with smoking.13 (微弱的) breathing and voice14 (懷疑) ones honesty15 Do you know the (成分) of the mixture?16 offend the readers (感情)17 lived in conditions of very bad

35、(環境衛生)18 gain in (美學的) knowledge19 Temperature governs the rate of all (生物化學的) processes.l Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.remainsassociatedfaintsuspectconstituentsensibilitiessanitationaestheticbiochemicalUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay4 Writing the bo

36、dy of the 4 Writing the body of the secondary research essaysecondary research essay20 Bodies need adequate (營養).21 (作總結) on a positive note22 The meeting terminated in (混亂).23 It is France (對抗) Brazil in the final.24 The (生理的) needs are reasonably satisfied.25 keep its (效力) of the medicine26 Dont (

37、妨礙) with my business.27 serious (神經學的) complications28 They (歸因于) their success to their teachers encouragement.l Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.nutritionconcludedisorderversusphysiologicalpotencyinterfereneurologicalattributeUnit 5Writing an Academic

38、Essay4 Writing the body of the 4 Writing the body of the secondary research essaysecondary research essay (比較一致的看法) the effect of smoking on lung cancer (呈現在以前許多研究中). According to the National Cancer Institute, smoking currently causes 87 percent of lung cancer deaths. While much has been learned ab

39、out it, (還有許多有待于研究) about effects of secondhand smoke on lung cancer. Although (以前所進行的實驗) found that a great number of lung cancer deaths (歸咎于被動吸煙), those previous studies (被這些問題所困擾，如) biased sampling and lack of control groups. Hence (要把更多的因素考慮進去) before a reliable conclusion is reached.l Enhancing

40、 your academic languageComplete the paragraph.A fairly consistent picture ofis presented in many previous studiesmuch remains to be studiedout beforeseveral experiments carriedwere attributed to second-hand smokesuffered from such problems such asmore factors have to be taken into consideration Unit

41、 5Writing an AcademicEssay4 Writing the body of the 4 Writing the body of the secondary research essaysecondary research essayl Enhancing your academic language1 為了研究大麻對身體的影響而不是它是如何產生的，本文基于大麻影響的持續時間和強度，提出了第三種分類。2 有一次，癥狀發生在一天第一次吸煙后，另一次在一天內抽了四支，第三支時發生了癥狀，因此我推斷這與數量無關。3 為了總結伯克通過這個例子想解釋的道理，大麻對身體的影響取決于個體吸

42、食大麻的經歷，這正是當人們談論大麻對于身體的影響時需要考慮的要點。Translate the following sentences from Text 18 into Chinese.Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay4 Writing the body of the 4 Writing the body of the secondary research essaysecondary research essayl Enhancing your academic languageTranslate the following sentences from Text

43、 18 into Chinese.4 最近由Nahas完成的關于“壺”吸煙者的實驗表明大麻影響身體的基因產量，而這些基因正是引起細胞分裂和控制遺傳特點的遺傳物質。5 了解大麻中其他成分的可能影響也是很重要的，這些成分本身不具備心理和生理上活躍的特點，但仍有可能影響這些成分的活動。Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay4 Writing the body of the 4 Writing the body of the secondary research essaysecondary research essayl Enhancing your academic lang

44、uageMatch the words with their definitions.5 e 10 f 1 j 2 h3 b4 c6 i7 a8 g9 d Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay9 Academic writing style9 Academic writing style1 (井井有條的) work2 It can (增添) the value of the housing.3 (承擔) full responsibility for the loss4 Errors must be (消除掉) before you hand in your essay

45、.5 Important content should be (強調).6 His face (呈現) a worried look.7 (犧牲) ones health for professional success8 hours spent on (編輯) the book9 some (障礙) to its developmentl Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.methodicaladd toundertakeeliminatedhighlightedto

46、ok onsacrificeeditingobstaclesUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay9 Academic writing style9 Academic writing stylel Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.10 (害怕) working after a long holiday11 The dispute (由發展而來) of an argument.12 (重復) an experiment13 develop the

47、(核心) of people who are active in the community14 (抑制) the bodys immune system15 completely (完全對立的) the democratic ideas16 (方針) for the treatment of the infectious patients17 medical (全體人員)18 (詳細介紹) a number of joint initiativesdreadgrew outduplicatecoresuppressantithetical toguidelinespersonneldetai

48、lUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay9 Academic writing style9 Academic writing style19 very (使人快樂的) to the eye20 many (修辭性的) phrases used in his speech21 (更適合的) walking with bare feet22 very (易懂的) account of their research23 You have to learn to (承受) stress.24 The job (需要) my time.25 the (根本性的) causes fo

49、r her divorce26 (開始著手進行) to rob the bank27 Women (構成) only 10 percent of the workforce.l Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.pleasingrhetoricalprefer toreadablelive withmade demand onunderlyingset outmake upUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay9 Academic writing

50、style9 Academic writing style“Finagle” is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason why science is so respected is that scientific investigation (對科學家無私地追求真相有很大的要求) and their conclusion (往往是基于他們對所研究課題的徹底的了解). (他們對研究結果最感興趣的是) the reliability of the data. l Enhancing your academic

51、 languageComplete the paragraph.makes great demands on the scientists impartial search for truth is often based on a thorough knowledge of the subject they study To them of primary interest in findings isUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay(To be continued)9 Academic writing style9 Academic writing styleH

52、ence, in any debate (在轉基因食品、核輻射、納米技術、和云技術) the phrase “science says” usually crushes the opposition. But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a finagle factor (許多科學家的傾向是) to slightly change the data to produce desired results or simply (抑制那些和他們的假設相反的發現).l Enhancing your academic langua

53、geComplete the paragraph.over GM foods, nuclear radiation, nanotechnology,and cloud computinga tendency by manyscientistssuppress any findings which is antithetical toones hypothesisUnit 5Writing an AcademicEssay9 Academic writing style9 Academic writing stylel Enhancing your academic language1 我們必須

54、解釋這個問題被認為與這部分人口的身體健康密切相關，因而可能導致我們制定關于這類食品的一些規則。2 這個部分在修辭上有用，它向讀者表明所呈現的數據都是依據對這個領域所進行過的研究的徹底了解，或許這些數據還是從原來一些研究中發展而來的，從而提升了研究者的信度。3 如果要調查各種泳姿的相對效率，就要對所測試的游泳者的人數，所進行測試的性質，游泳者的經驗，測試時的天氣情況，和所有其他影響整個實驗的因素進行詳細說明。Translate the following sentences from Text 19 into Chinese.Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay9 Aca

55、demic writing style9 Academic writing stylel Enhancing your academic languageTranslate the following sentences from Text 19 into Chinese.4 雖然人們往往隱瞞那些不能支持自己假設的發現，但這種欺騙和學術領域中的真正研究活動是格格不入的。5 雖然在高中里我們苦于寫研究報告，在大學里也害怕寫，在工作崗位上也常常被寫研究報告壓得喘不過氣來，但是學會舒服地接受這樣的寫作也是比較容易的事。Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay9 Academic

56、writing style9 Academic writing stylel Enhancing your academic languageLecture171 Why did the lecturer choose ecology and evolution as his major at Stanford?Because he was determined as a boy to save natural resources of his country.2 What is the attitude of the lecturer toward slums? How do you kno

57、w?His attitude is positive and he says that the slums help create prosperity.Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssayl Enhancing your academic languageLecture173 In which way do people contribute to the environment when they head to town?The natural environment starts to come back and population growth slows.

58、4 What is the lecturers description about nuclear energy?Nuclear energy is the current operating low-carbon source, and can save the climate. It also can dismantle nuclear weapons.Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssayl Enhancing your academic languageLecture175 What are the four main environmental problems

59、 that the lecturer address in his lecture?Urbanization, nuclear energy, genetically modified food and geo-engineering.Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssayl Enhancing your academic languageLecture181 What is Dr. Fedoroffs idea about the concern of transgenic seeds leaking out?It doesnt matter because seeds

60、 will still grow into domesticated plants and wont become invasive weeds. Whats more, its a management problem rather than ecological problem.Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssayl Enhancing your academic languageLecture182 What is the result when canola with genetically modified herbicide resistance sprea