1、分詞作狀語專題適用學科英語適用年級高一適用區域全國課時時長120分鐘知識點現在分詞；過去分詞教學目標使學生掌握分詞作狀語的各種題型的做題方法教學重點“分詞作狀語”題解題方法教學難點掌握分詞作狀語這類句式教學過程一、 復習預習分詞的形式：1. 動詞-ing形式；2. 動詞-ed形式二、 知識講解與例題精析分詞作狀語是高考考查的熱點和重要考點，其熱點考查內容如下：一、確定分詞形式分詞作狀語時，通常放在句首，并且用逗號與主句隔開。同時，分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與主句主語應保持一致，也就是說在確定選擇現在分詞還是過去分詞時，要判斷主句主語與分詞中心詞的關系。如果句子的主語是動詞-ing形式所表示的動作的

2、發出者（即表主動或正在進行），分詞形式選用現在分詞；如果句子的主語是動詞-ed形式所表示的動作的承受者時（即表被動或完成），分詞形式選用過去分詞。例：1,_,Istretchedmyhandoutforit.A.IsawthebookIwantedontheshellB.ThebookIwantedwasontheshellC.SeeingthebooklyingacrossthedeskD.Lyingonthedesk分析：分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語應與句子的主語一致。根據這一原則，可知句子的主語I只能與see保持一致。如果選A,該句中沒有連詞，沒能構成并列句和主從復合句，此時要選用非謂語動詞

3、形式。所以選C2,Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.分析：“Seenfromthehill”是過去分詞作狀語。分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語應與句子的主語一致。根據這一原則，可知，“thepark”是“Seenfromthehill”的邏輯主語，它們之間表示被動關系，所以分詞形式用seen.二確立句子主語可能是誰確立句子主語可能是誰時，仍然遵循分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與主句主語應保持一致的原則。反過來要根據分詞形式確立句子主語。例：Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_.A.doctorscametotheirrescue B

4、.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastaken D.warningweregiventotourists分析:本題仍考查非謂語動詞的用法。句中“Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists”是現在分詞作狀語。分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語應與句子的主語一致。根據這一原則，可知“受攻擊”的應是“thetallbuilding”,即“Havingbeenattacked”的邏輯主語是“thetallbuilding”.句意為“大樓因為受到恐怖分子的襲擊而倒塌”.答案:B三獨立主格結構分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與主句主語應保持一致，但

5、當分詞邏輯主語與主語不一致時，分詞要有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這種主語常常是名詞或代詞，置于動詞-ing形式或動詞-ed形式之前。這種名詞/代詞+動詞-ing/動詞-ed結構在語法上被稱為獨立主格結構。此時分詞形式的選擇取決于名詞/代詞與v-ing/v-ed形式所表示動作的邏輯關系，如果它們之間表示主動或分詞動作正在進行，選擇現在分詞，如果它們之間表示被動或完成，選擇過去分詞。1,名詞/代詞+動詞-ing例：Springcomingon,thetreesturnedgreen.2，名詞/代詞+動詞-ed例：Thequestionsettled,theyfeltreleased.3，with/wit

6、hout+名詞/代詞+動詞-ing/-ed例：Withthetreegrowntall,wegetmoreshade.Ourschoollooksbeautifulwiththeflowerscomingout.Thebattlewasoverwithoutashotbeingfired.四分詞作狀語時，相當于一個狀語從句。例：_weight,thedoctorhaswarnedmetokeepoffsugar.A.Imputtingon B.Havingputon C.AsImgaining D.Togain分析：在并列句和主從復合句中,逗號只起分隔作用,前后兩部分的邏輯關系必須使用連接詞來

7、表達;否則要使用非謂語動詞.該題中B，C兩項是非謂語動詞作狀語,但其邏輯主語與主句主語不一致,所以只能使用連接詞來表達前后兩部分的邏輯關系.答案:C五現在分詞和過去分詞作獨立成分英語中一些特殊的分詞可用作獨立成分，不需要邏輯主語。這種無依著動詞形式結構已經成為固定用法。常見的不需要邏輯主語的動詞-ing/-ed形式結構:Considering(that)考慮到supposing(that)如果generallyspeaking一般說來franklyspeaking坦白說Judgingfrom從判斷talkingof說到Concerning關于settingaside.除開Comingto談到a

8、llowingfor.考慮到Proving/provided(that)假定supposing/suppose(that)假如Seeing(that)既然given(that)假設；如果；考慮到putfrankly坦白地說takenasawhole總的說來例：1.Putfrankly,Idontagreewithwhathesaid.坦白地說，我不同意他說的話。2.Giventhegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.考慮到他的一般身體狀況，他手術后恢復過來可能需要一段時間。3.Supposing

9、heisill,whowilldothework?假如他病了，誰來做這工作呢？三、課堂運用一、用作時間狀語1. 典型例句Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見到貓，老鼠就跑了。The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。2. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作時間狀語通常可轉換成時間狀語從句(引導時間狀語的從屬連詞需根據句意來確定)，如上面兩句也可轉換成：When As soon as the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. After the work was finished, he wen

10、t home. 3. 高考實例When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷)A. compared B. being comparedC. comparing D. having compared【分析】此題答案選C，分詞短語when comparing different cultures相當于時間狀語從句when we compare different cultures。二、用作原因狀語1.

11、 典型例句Being very weak, she couldnt move. 她由于身體虛弱而不能行動。His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的車壞了，所以只好走路。Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮喪，搬到了倫敦。2. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作原因狀語通常可轉換成由as, because, since, now that 等引導的原因狀語從句，如上面三句也可轉換成： As she was very weak, she couldnt move. Because his car was broken

12、 down, he had to walk. Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London. 3. 高考實例(1) _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷)A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face【分析】答案選A。現在分詞短語faced with so much trouble可轉換成原因狀語從句because we were faced with so much trouble。(2)

13、_ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建卷)A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed【分析】答案選B。現在分詞短語blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可轉換成原因狀語從句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network。三、用作條件狀語1. 典型

14、例句Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它們加起來，我們就可以得到答案。United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團結則存，分裂則亡。Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多給點時間，我們可以做得更好。2. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作條件狀語通常可轉換成由從屬連詞if引導的條件狀語從句，如上面幾句也可轉換成：If you work hard, you will

15、 succeed. If we add them all up, we can find the answer. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.3. 高考實例_ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. (2003北京春)A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given【分析】答案選D。give 與其邏輯

16、主語 he 是動賓關系，用過去分詞，故選 D。分詞短語 Given time 可轉換成條件狀語從順 If he is given time。四、用作讓步狀語1. 典型例句Living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外，他仍去上課。Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 雖然被擊敗了，他仍是一個受歡迎的拳擊手。2. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作讓步狀語通常可轉換成由從屬連詞though, although, no matter等引導的讓步狀語從句，如上面兩句也可轉換成：Although he lived

17、miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 3. 高考實例No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006廣東卷)A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed【分析】答案選A。現在分詞短語performed在此相當于they are

18、performed。No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“無論它們（指貝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”。 五、用作伴隨狀語1. 典型例句He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看報。Dont you sit there doing nothing. 別什么也不干坐在那里。He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進來，后面跟著他的妻子。2. 理解技巧理解“伴隨狀語”的關鍵是要理解“伴隨”二字。分詞(短語)用作伴隨狀語時，它表示的動作伴隨句子謂語動作同時發生

19、，即句子謂語所表示的動作為主要動作，分詞短語所表示的動作伴隨性的次要動作。3. 高考實例(1) Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (2006湖北卷)A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing(2) My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. (2006安徽卷)A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought(3) Wh

20、enever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. (2006江蘇卷)A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. (2006全國卷)A. thinking B. think C. to thi

21、nk D. thought【分析】以上四題答案分別為CBAA。六、用作方式狀語1. 典型例句He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生。Im returning you letter as requested. 我按要求給你退信。2. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作方式狀語與用作伴隨狀語的情形比較接近。有時用作方式狀語的現在分詞可以轉換成by doing sth的結構，如上面第一句也可換成：He earns a living by driving a truck. 注：近幾年高考對分詞用作方式狀語的情形考得較少。七、用作結果狀語1. 典型例句He fire

22、d, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個過路人。He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五個兒子。It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，車輛陷入泥沼，橋梁被水沖去。2. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作結果狀語時，通常可轉換成并列句，如上面兩句也可轉換成：He fired and killed one of the passers-by. He died and left his wif

23、e with five children. It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out.3. 高考實例(1) He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (2005廣東卷)A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted【分析】答案選A，此句也可換成：He glanced over at her and noted th

24、at though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.(2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山東卷)A. have reached B. reachingC. to reach D. to be reaching【分析】答案選B，此句也可換成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the star

25、t of the year and reached a record US 分詞作狀語時可分為以下幾種形式：* doing ： 用來表示主動，且前后動作同時進行。Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flat.* having done: 用來表示主動,且動作發生在主句之前。Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again.* being done: 用來表示被動,且前后動作同時進行。Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened.* done: 用來表示被動且完成Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt.* hav