1、高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義句子成分句子成分&基本句型基本句型 句子成分句子成分在句子中起著不同語法作用的部分，叫做句子成分。句子成分有9種：主語、謂語動主語、謂語動詞、表語、賓語、定語、補語、詞、表語、賓語、定語、補語、狀語、同位語、插入語。狀語、同位語、插入語。高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義 1、主語（主語（subjectsubject）：）：表示句子描述的是“誰”或“什么”，通常是謂語動詞的動作執行,主語通常由 The students worked very hardThe students worked very hardThey are from America.They a

2、re from America.80% of the students in our class 80% of the students in our class are girls.are girls.To learn English is very difficult To learn English is very difficult for us.=It is difficult for us to learn for us.=It is difficult for us to learn English.English.Swimming in the lake is dangerou

3、s.Swimming in the lake is dangerous.What he said is true.What he said is true.名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、或主語從句擔任。或主語從句擔任。 高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義2.謂語動詞謂語動詞：說明主語的動作或具有的狀態與特征，：說明主語的動作或具有的狀態與特征，由動詞充當。英語中一個簡單句一般只能出現一個謂由動詞充當。英語中一個簡單句一般只能出現一個謂語動詞。語動詞。構成形式如下：構成形式如下：1）簡單謂語：）簡單謂語：She practices speaking E

4、nglish every day.The woman takes good care of the baby.I have got rid of smoking.2）復合謂語形式）復合謂語形式(1)：You may go now.He has caught a bad cold.We are going to visit the old town tomorrow. (2)： It will be wasted.由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。由情態動詞或助動詞由情態動詞或助動詞+動詞構成動詞構成情態動詞情態動詞+系動詞系動詞+表語表語高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義3 3

5、、賓語：、賓語：表示動作承受的對象，賓語由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞、短語或賓語從句來擔任。分為： 找出下列句子中的賓語He bought a new car.The heavy snow prevented her from going to school.She enjoys listening to music.I dont know how to get there.I think that he is old enough to join the army.動賓動賓&介賓介賓高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義4、賓補：英語中有少數及物動詞,或介詞后除了接一個賓語外，還必須有一個

6、賓語補足語對賓語進行補充說明，這樣才能使句子的意義完整.可充當賓補的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式（短語）和分詞（短語）。找出其中的賓語補足語The boss made us work 14 hours every day.We found the dog lying on the ground.We painted our house white.We found him killed the next morning You shouldnt leave the classroom with the door open.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義5.表語表語是在連系動詞之

7、后表示主語性質、特征、是在連系動詞之后表示主語性質、特征、狀態或身份的部分。表語通常由名詞、代詞、狀態或身份的部分。表語通常由名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式、動形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞或表語從句擔任。名詞、分詞或表語從句擔任。 如：The football match is on.（副詞）All the pupils are on the playground.（介詞短語）He seemed surprised at the new.（分詞）The key question is how we should solve the problem.（從句

8、）高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義英語五種基本句型列式如下：英語五種基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一： + （主謂）（主謂）基本句型二：基本句型二： + + （主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三： + + （主謂賓）（主謂賓）基本句型四：基本句型四： + +O1 +2（主謂（主謂間賓直賓）間賓直賓）基本句型五：基本句型五： + + +（主謂賓（主謂賓賓補）賓補） s: subject v: verb P: predicative o: object (indirect) c: complement基本句型一：基本句型一： 高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義該句型無被動 系動詞分類：

9、系動詞分類：1 1）變化系動詞：）變化系動詞：例：例：She becomes a lawyer.She becomes a lawyer. The eggs went bad. The eggs went bad.2 2）狀態系動詞：）狀態系動詞： 例：例：He always kept silent at meeting.He always kept silent at meeting.3 3）感官系動詞：）感官系動詞：例：例：The milk tastes sour.The milk tastes sour. The cloth feels soft. The cloth feels sof

10、t.4 4）終止性系動詞：）終止性系動詞：例：例：His plan turned out a success.His plan turned out a success.turn, become, grow, fall, get, turn, become, grow, fall, get, go, come, rungo, come, run等等be, seem, remain, stay, be, seem, remain, stay, stand, keepstand, keep等等feel, smell, sound, taste, feel, smell, sound, taste,

11、 look, appearlook, appear等等prove, turn outprove, turn out等等高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義補充： there be 句型。be還可換為stand, stand, lie, exit, seem, happen, appear, lie, exit, seem, happen, appear, live, remainlive, remain等等There is some water on the surface of the desk.There is some one singing a beautiful song.高三句型講課講

12、義高三句型講課講義Spring comes and all trees turn green.He stayed awake all night.You dont look happy, whats the matter?Their plan sounds wonderful.Who will take charge of the company is unknown.What made me annoyed was that he didnt turn up on time.練習一練習一 劃分以下句子成分劃分以下句子成分高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習二練習二作文句式再現作文句式再現1.

13、1.勤奮工作是成功的關鍵。勤奮工作是成功的關鍵。2.2.快餐食品遠不令人滿意。快餐食品遠不令人滿意。3.3.他們覺得眩暈乏力。他們覺得眩暈乏力。4.4.其他學生反對這個觀點。（其他學生反對這個觀點。（againstagainst）5.5.它是釋放壓力的有用方法它是釋放壓力的有用方法. .6.6.有部分學生贊同這個觀點（有部分學生贊同這個觀點（agree）。）。 基本句型二：基本句型二： + （主謂）（主謂）高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義2. + （主謂）（主謂）eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died. We all breathe

14、, drink and eat. We students should study hard. 這種結構中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞這種結構中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞練習一練習一劃分以下句子成分劃分以下句子成分 注：注：1.We walked for five miles.2.This box weighs five kilometers.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義3.They will be flying to London. 4.He kept trying until dark.5.Whether we will have a picnicdepends on the weather.6

15、.Making informed decisions in time counts.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習二練習二作文句式再現作文句式再現1.1.綿陽已經發生了巨大變化。綿陽已經發生了巨大變化。2.2.我們不應該熬夜太晚。我們不應該熬夜太晚。3.3.學生們可以快樂地生活和學習。學生們可以快樂地生活和學習。4.4.面對失敗，他們決不放棄。面對失敗，他們決不放棄。5.5.怎么合理地安排時間更重要。（怎么合理地安排時間更重要。（countcount）基本句型三：基本句型三： + +O （主謂（主謂+賓）賓）高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義主謂主謂+ +賓賓 這種結構中的謂語動詞是及物這

16、種結構中的謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面只跟一個賓語。動詞，后面只跟一個賓語。 She is reading a novel. You may have seen each other. She prefers to stay at home. Leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity.What they did influenced our environment badly.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習一練習一 劃分以下句子成分劃分以下句子成分1.This factory makes machine tools. 2.M

17、ary has ordered a new dress. 3.I have had my lunch.4.Doing exercise every day benefits you a lot.5.Whatever you say now cant make up for what you have done.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習二練習二作文句式再現作文句式再現1.老師和家長持有不同觀點。老師和家長持有不同觀點。2.養寵物有許多優點。養寵物有許多優點。3.其他人反對網購。（其他人反對網購。（object）4。經營博客將花費許多時間和精力。經營博客將花費許多時間和精力。5.我們應

18、當通過法律去保護有限的水資源。我們應當通過法律去保護有限的水資源。基本句型四：基本句型四： + +O + O （主謂（主謂+間賓間賓+直賓）直賓）21高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義主主+ +謂謂+ +直賓直賓+ +間賓間賓 謂語為雙賓及物動詞，其后需跟間接賓語（通常指人）和直接賓語 通常指物或事）。 常見的動詞有常見的動詞有allow,assign,award,bring,buy,cause, allow,assign,award,bring,buy,cause, choose, fetch, find, get, give, grant, hand, choose, fetch, find

19、, get, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promiseleave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promise, read, recommend, refuse, render, return, sell, read, recommend, refuse, render, return, sell, send, show, sing, take, telephone, touch, tell, send, show, sing, take, telephon

20、e, touch, tell, throw, wish, write throw, wish, write 等等 例：例：I gave him the book. Ill return you the dictionary soon. 注注：有時間接賓語可移至直接賓語之后，但要加有時間接賓語可移至直接賓語之后，但要加相應的介詞如相應的介詞如 “toto”，“forfor”，“ofof” 等等高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義例：例：Betty gave her daughter an apple.Betty gave her daughter an apple.Betty gave an app

21、le to her daughter.Betty gave an apple to her daughter.Father bought him a bike.Father bought him a bike.Father bought a bike for him.Father bought a bike for him.Please pass me the cake.Please pass me the cake.Please pass the cake to me.Please pass the cake to me.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習一練習一 劃分以下句子成分劃分以下

22、句子成分1.My father bought me an Mp4.Kate made two cards for her teacher= She sells the shoes to customers=My father bought an Mp4 for me.4.I will write you a letter when I arrive home.=I will write a letter to you when I arrive home2.She sells customers the shoes. 3.Kate made her teacher two cards.=高三句

23、型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習二練習二作文句式再現作文句式再現1.我向你推薦我自己。我向你推薦我自己。2.這個節目告訴我們奧運冠軍的這個節目告訴我們奧運冠軍的 成長經歷。成長經歷。（Olympic championships）3.他們給予了我們無私的幫助。他們給予了我們無私的幫助。4.父母僅僅給子女錢去買早餐。父母僅僅給子女錢去買早餐。高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義 I recommend myself to you. The program tells us the growing experience of the Olympic championships. They give us

24、unselfish help. Parents just give their children money to buy breakfast.基本句型三：基本句型三： + +O+C （主謂（主謂+賓賓+賓補）賓補）高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義主謂主謂+ +賓賓+ +賓補賓補 該句型中，謂語動詞雖有賓語，該句型中，謂語動詞雖有賓語，但句子意義仍不完整，需加補語，補足其意義。但句子意義仍不完整，需加補語，補足其意義。充當賓語補語的有充當賓語補語的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語及分詞等不定式短語及分詞等例：例：We call him a fool. W

25、e found the house empty. Our neighbors built their wall high. We believe you to be an honest man. I heard them singing in the classroom. 補充：常見的帶賓補的動詞類型有高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義1.使役動詞有：使役動詞有：例：例：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.What would you have me do? W

26、hat would you have me do? He made the boy working day and night.He made the boy working day and night.2.感官動詞感官動詞have, want, make, get, leave,let等。等。see, notice, observe, watch, hear,feel, find 例：例：I saw the child playing basketball when I saw the child playing basketball when I passed the school. I

27、passed the school. I often see him play football.I often see him play football. 3.其他一些動詞如：其他一些動詞如：consider, regard, advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite 等例：We dont allow such things to happen again.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習一練習一 劃分以下句子成分劃分以下句子成分He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. Please r

28、emind me to leave her this noteLet him do whatever he wishes to do.I heard someone screaming just now.I feel it an honor to be invited here.比較比較高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義1.He didnt tell me where he was. He told me to stay at home.2.Can you lend me some money? We made him monitor. 3. A friendly waiter taught m

29、e a few words of Italian We call him Lao Li . 結論：結論：雙賓語和復合賓語的區別雙賓語和復合賓語的區別高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義1.從成分上看：在雙賓語中，能充當從成分上看：在雙賓語中，能充當間接賓語或是直接賓語的一般是名間接賓語或是直接賓語的一般是名詞或代詞等名詞性成分。而在復合詞或代詞等名詞性成分。而在復合賓語中，能充當賓語補足語成分的賓語中，能充當賓語補足語成分的則較多，如名詞、形容詞、副詞、則較多，如名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式（短語）和介詞短語、動詞不定式（短語）和分詞（短語）。分詞（短語）。例：例：She showed us a new TV set.雙賓語）雙賓語）