小學英語動詞及專項訓練1. 動詞的定義：表示動作或狀態的詞叫做動詞。表示動詞的詞如ask ,walk等2. 動詞的分類：（1） 實義動詞又叫行為動詞，能獨立做謂語：如open，hold , learn（2） 系動詞又稱連系動詞，不能獨立做謂語，后邊必須接表語組成系表結構，說明主語的狀態、性質、特征等：be動詞（3） 助動詞，主要協助動詞構成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫做助動詞。它本身沒有詞義，和實義動詞一起構成各種時態和語態，也可構成否定或疑問結構：do、will、should、would（4） 情態動詞，表示說話人對有關行為或事物的態度和看法，認為其可能、應該或必要等。由于詞義不完全，不能單獨作謂語，要后接動詞完成謂語部分：must、can、could、may、will3. 動詞的基本形式（1） 動詞原形：動詞未經任何變化的原來形式。如：have、cut、see（2） 第三人稱單數現在時：動詞一般現在時的第三人稱單數形式的構成和名詞復數構成法相似。 A.直接加“s” ：read-reads leave-leaves B.以e結尾的動詞，直接加“s ”: come-comes close-closes C.以s. x. sh. ch.o結尾的單詞,加“es ” : watch-watches fix-fixes wash-washes go-goes D.以“輔音字母+y”結尾的單詞，變“y”為“i”, 再加“es” : cry-cries E.以“元音字母+y”結尾的單詞，直接加“s” :play-plays（3） 過去式的變化規則： A.直接加“ed” ：look-looked watch-watched B.以e結尾的動詞，直接加“d” : live-lived love-loved C.以“輔音字母+y”結尾的單詞，變“y”為“i”, 再加“ed ”: cry-cried D.以“元音字母+y”結尾的單詞，直接加“s ”:play-played E.動詞不規則變化表InfinitivePast tense InfinitivePast tense1. am, iswas 2. keepkept3. arewere 4. letlet5. become became 6. make made7. begin began 8. meet met9. bite bit 10. put put11. blow blew 12. read read13. buy bought 14. ride rode15. catch caught 16. run ran17. come came 18. say said19. cost cost 20. see saw21. cut cut 22. sing sang23.dig dug 24. sit sat25.do did 26. sleep slept27. draw drew 28. speak spoke29. drink drank 30. sweep swept31. eat ate 32. take took33. fall fell 34.teach taught35. feed fed 36. tell told37.feel felt 38.think thought39. fly flew 40. throw threw41.forget forgot 42.understand understood43. get got 44. give gave45. wake woke 46. go went 47. wear wore 48. grow grew49. win won 50. have/has had51. write wrote 52. know knew53 .break broke4.動詞的時態一、一般現在時: 表示經常性、規律性習慣性的動作或現在存在的狀態。 結構：1. 動作詞一般用原形，但如果是第三人稱單數時（如Tony ，he ，she ），動作詞用第三人稱單數形式，即加s 或 es ; 在主語前加do, does幫助疑問句，后面的動詞用原形；在動作詞前加dont, doesnt 幫助否定句，后面的動詞用原形。2. 句子中沒動作詞時，用be動詞：is , am , are ； is , am , are 放在主語前幫助疑問句；is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句。3. 情態動詞can, may, should，must引起的句子是一般現在時，后面接動詞用原形； can, may, should，must 放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面接動詞用原形；can, may, should, must后面加上not幫助否定句，后面接動詞用原形。 4. 肯定祈使：動詞原形 + 其它 否定祈使句：Dont +動詞原形 + 其它 5感嘆句： What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! What+(形)名 How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are! How+形A. 肯定句：(非第三人稱單數)主語+V+其它 We come from China.(第三人稱單數)主語+Vs+其它 He comes from China.主語+be (is, am, are)+其它 We are from China.主語+情態動詞(can, may, should, must)+V+其它 She must go.B. 否定句：(非第三人稱單數)主語+dont +V+其它 We dont come from China. (第三人稱單數) 主語+doesnt +V+其它 He doesnt come from China.主語+be (is, am, are) not+其它 I arent from China.主語+情態動詞(can, may, should, must)+not +V+其它C一般疑問句：Do +(非第三人稱單數)主語+V+其它 Do you come from China?Does +(第三人稱單數)主語+Vs+其它 Does he come from China? be (Is, Am, Are)+主語+其它 Are you from China?情態動詞(Can, May, Should, Must)+主語+ V+其它 She cant go.D特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+do +(非第三人稱單數)主語+V+其它 Where do you come from? 特殊疑問詞+does +(第三人稱單數)主語+Vs+其它 Where does he come from? 特殊疑問詞+be (is, am, are)+主語+其它 Where are you from? 特殊疑問詞+情態動詞(Can, May, Should, Must)+主語+ V+其它 Can she go?二、現在進行時: 表示現在正在進行的動作。 結構：1. be動詞( is , am , are) + 動詞ing (現在分詞)； is , am , are 放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面的動詞加ing；is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句，后面的動詞加ing。A. 肯定句:主語+be（is, am, are）+Ving+其它 They are coming here. B. 否定句：主語+be（is, am, are）+not +Ving+其它They arent coming here.C. 一般疑問句：be（Is, Am, Are）+主語+ Ving+其它 Are they coming here?D. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ be（is, am, are）+主語+ Ving+其它 What are they doing?三、一般過去時：表示過去某個時間里發生了的動作或狀態。 結構：1. 動作詞用過去式(ed ) ； 在主語前加did幫助疑問句，后面的動詞用原形；在動作詞前加didnt幫助否定句，后面的動詞用原形。2. 句子中沒動作詞時，用be動詞的過去式：was , were； was , were 放在主語前幫助疑問句；was , were后面加上not幫助否定句。A. 肯定句：主語+Ved+其它 We came from China 主語+be (was, were)+其它 We were from China. B. 否定句：主語+didnt +V +其它 We didnt come from China. 主語+be (was, were) +not+其它 We werent from China.C一般疑問句：Did +主語+V +其它 Did you come from China? be (Was, Were)+主語+其它 Were you from China?D特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ did +主語+V +其它 Where did you from? 特殊疑問詞+ be (was, were)+主語+其它 Where were from?四、一般將來時：表示將來某個時間的動作或狀態。 結構：1. be going to + 動詞原形 is , am , are 放在主語前幫助疑問句；is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句。2. will+ 動詞原形will放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面接動詞用原形；will后面加上not幫助否定句，后面接動詞用原形。A. 肯定句：主語+will +V +其它 He will dig a hole.主語+ be going to +V +其它 He is going to dig a hole. B. 否定句：主語+will not +V +其它 He wont dig a hole.主語+ be not going go +V +其它 He isnt going to dig a hole. C一般疑問句：Will+主語+V+其它 Will he dig a hole? Be(Is, Am, Are) +主語going to +V+其它 Is he going to did a hole? D特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+will+主語+V+其它 What will he do? 特殊疑問詞+be(is, am, are) +主語going to +V+其它 What is he going to do?五、過去進行時：表示過去某時正在進行的動作。結構：1. be動詞( was, were) + 動詞ing； was, were 放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面的動詞加ing；was, were后面加上not幫助否定句，后面的動詞加ing。A. 肯定句:主語+be（was, were）+Ving He was digging a hole.B. 否定句：主語+be（was, were）+not +Ving He wasnt digging a hole.C. 一般疑問句：be（Was, Were）+主語+ Ving Was he digging a hole?D. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ be（was, were）+主語+ Ving What was he doing（二）時態意義與結構一覽表：時態時態意義與動詞主語動詞形式常用時間肯定句否定句(特殊)疑問句一般現在時1.表示現在的狀態。be動詞三單isis not (疑問詞) is +主語always,often, nowusually,sometimes,ever, never, in the morningin the afternoon,in the evening,at night,on Sunday,everyonce a week,twice a month,3 times a yearIamam not(疑問詞)am+主語you,復areare not(疑問詞)are+主語2. 表示經常性習慣性的動作、興趣愛好或能力。情態動詞所有主語can +Vcan not +V(疑問詞)can +主語+Vmay +Vmay not +V(疑問詞)may+主語+Vmust +Vmust not +V(疑問詞)must+主語+Vshould +Vshould not +V(疑問詞)should+主語+V行為動詞三單Vsdoesnt +V(疑問詞)does +主語+V非三單Vdont +V(疑問詞)do +主語+V3.祈使句be無BeDont beBe quick. Dont be worried.行為無VDont +VListen to me. Dont push.4.感嘆句What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers!How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are!一般過去時表示過去了的動作或狀態。be動詞單youwaswas not(疑問詞) was +主語yesterday,this morning,before that,last復+youwerewere not(疑問詞)were+主語行為所有主語Veddidnt +V(疑問詞)did +主語+V現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作。行為動詞三單is +Vingis not +Ving(疑問詞) is +主語+Vingnow,Listen!Look!WheresIam +Vingam not +Ving(疑問詞)am+主語+Vingyou,復are +Vingare not +Ving(疑問詞)are+主語+Ving過去進行時表示過去某時正在進行的動作。行為單youwas +Vingwas not +Ving(疑問詞)was+主語+Vingyesterdaythis morningat that timeat nine 復+youwere +Vingwere not +Ving(疑問詞)were+主語+Ving一般將來時表示將要發生的動作或狀態。1be所有主語will+ bewont+ be(疑問詞)will+主語+ betomorrow,this evening,later,in a minute,after that,next行為Will+ Vwont +V(疑問詞)Will+主語+ V2行為動詞三單is going to+Vis not going to+V(疑問詞)is+主語going to+VIam going to+Vam not going to+V(疑問詞)am+主語going to+Vyou,復are going to+Vare not going to+V(疑問詞)are+主語going to+V習題：1 I_(be not) a middle school student.2She _(be) in Class Six ,Grade One . We_(be) a